1001 Smart Cities
🇸🇬 Singapore

Green Mark & Super Low Energy Buildings

🤖 AI-generated summary of the sources below · 🔎 Last verified · ◆ 12 sourced claims, none individually verified yet

This overview was generated with AI from the public sources listed below and checked against them before publication. It has not had a complete human fact-check — treat it as a starting point and follow the sources.

How this atlas is made · What “last verified” means · What “source-checked” means · The full record behind this page

Singapore's Building and Construction Authority has run the Green Mark rating scheme since 2005 and, under its Green Building Masterplans, launched the Super Low Energy (SLE) programme in 2018, aiming for 80% of floor area green and 80% of new developments SLE by 2030. Alongside the ratings BCA runs two facilities: BCA SkyLab — the world's first high-rise rotatable testbed for the tropics (opened July 2016, built with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) — and the SLEB Smart Hub building-energy data platform. Flagship zero-energy buildings such as Keppel Bay Tower (certified December 2020) run an intelligent building control system among the technologies piloted there, cutting annual consumption ~22%.

Live 📅 since 2005
Outcome🔄 Ongoing
Evidence🏛️ Official
what does this mean?The strongest source is the operator's or the city's own reporting — an official report, dataset or press release. It grades who did the looking — not how well the project went. All four grades →
Run byBuilding and Construction Authority (BCA)
Scale🌍 National

📊 Impact

Keppel Bay Tower, certified in December 2020, cut annual energy consumption by about 22% with a package of piloted technologies — one flagship building, not a programme-wide result.

⚡ EnergySmart grid & energySolar & PVSensors & IoTDigital twin

Sources

↗ BCA — Super Low Energy Building programme / Green Building MasterplanSLE launched 2018; 80-80-80 by 2030; SLEB Smart Hub
↗ Prime Minister's Office — PM Lee opens BCA SkyLab (20 July 2016)SkyLab: world's first rotatable high-rise lab for the tropics, 200+ sensors, LBNL
↗ BCA media release — Keppel Bay Tower zero-energy (9 Dec 2020)First zero-energy commercial building; digital twin/live BMS; 22.3% energy reduction
Show your work What this page rests on and what it can’t tell you · all 12 claims with their sources · the forensic record

Evidence Passport · public beta 12 addressable claims, 3 source dossiers, one permanent baseline. The passport is unreviewed — an AI-assisted structural migration, not a human or expert endorsement. Every revision keeps a permanent copy under revision history.

Inspect the claims, one by one — verbatim text, sources and caveats for all 12

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-f2c9592f5c01f33c quantitative
Singapore's Building and Construction Authority has run the Green Mark rating scheme since 2005
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
BCA dates the scheme to 2005: "The launch of the BCA Green Mark scheme in 2005 formed the backbone of Singapore's first Green Building Masterplan, which encouraged, enabled and engaged industry stakeholders in adopting new green buildings." BCA is the agency that owns and awards the certification. The URL listed for this source no longer resolves: BCA rebuilt its website and the Super Low Energy programme page was retired, so no locator string can be given for the page as cited. The wording quoted here is BCA's own, taken from the agency's current Singapore Green Building Masterplan page and its media releases.
Caveat
BCA describes 2005 as the launch of the Green Mark scheme; the Green Building Masterplan that was built around it was first rolled out in 2006 and has been reissued several times since.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA — Super Low Energy Building programme / Green Building Masterplan
Claim 2 clm-2ef38c78715a04f6 quantitative
launched the Super Low Energy (SLE) programme in 2018
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
BCA puts the start of the Super Low Energy effort in 2018, writing of "the inception of the GM SLE challenge in 2018" in its media release of 17 September 2021. The URL listed for this source no longer resolves: BCA rebuilt its website and the Super Low Energy programme page was retired, so no locator string can be given for the page as cited. The wording quoted here is BCA's own, taken from the agency's current Singapore Green Building Masterplan page and its media releases.
Caveat
What BCA dates to 2018 is the Green Mark Super Low Energy certification challenge and its criteria; the first seventeen Super Low Energy awards were only made in May 2019, and the SLEB Smart Hub followed in September 2019.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA — Super Low Energy Building programme / Green Building Masterplan
Claim 3 clm-9e627c5caea4f864 quantitative
aiming for 80% of floor area green and 80% of new developments SLE by 2030
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
BCA states the targets as "80-80-80 by 2030", namely "80% buildings green by 2030, 80% new developments with Super Low Energy standard from 2030, 80% energy efficiency improvement from 2005 for best-in-class buildings by 2030", and elsewhere spells the first out as "at least 80% of buildings (by floor area) in Singapore to be green by 2030". The URL listed for this source no longer resolves: BCA rebuilt its website and the Super Low Energy programme page was retired, so no locator string can be given for the page as cited. The wording quoted here is BCA's own, taken from the agency's current Singapore Green Building Masterplan page and its media releases.
Caveat
BCA's formula has three parts, not two: the passage leaves out the third target, an 80% improvement in energy efficiency over 2005 for best-in-class buildings. BCA also words the Super Low Energy target as applying to new developments "from 2030" rather than being reached "by 2030", and the greening target predates the Super Low Energy programme. BCA reported progress as of December 2025 at 66% of floor area greened and about a third of new developments meeting the standard.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA — Super Low Energy Building programme / Green Building Masterplan
Claim 4 clm-55a8dafd1cb7d28e descriptive
the world's first high-rise rotatable testbed for the tropics
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said at the opening: "It is a first of its kind in the world - a high-rise rotatable lab for the tropics. The lab is on a turntable so it can rotate to simulate different building orientations and to test technologies under real world conditions."
Caveat
This is the Prime Minister's description at the ribbon-cutting, not a checked record. The atlas passage repeats it as plain fact; the superlative carries three qualifiers at once - high-rise, rotatable and tropical - and no source in this entry tests it against other facilities.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Prime Minister's Office — PM Lee opens BCA SkyLab (20 July 2016)
Claim 5 clm-594c754b25d0c0d8 quantitative
opened July 2016
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The Prime Minister's Office publishes the speech under the date 20 July 2016 and describes it as "PM Lee Hsien Loong at opening of BCA Skylab and Academic Tower on 20 July 2016"; the speech itself opens "I am very happy to join you this morning to open the BCA SkyLab and its Academic Tower."
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Prime Minister's Office — PM Lee opens BCA SkyLab (20 July 2016)
Claim 6 clm-3a0c4395a323b6ed descriptive
built with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The Prime Minister said: "We built it in collaboration with the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in California which is renowned for its research and development in building energy efficiency."
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Prime Minister's Office — PM Lee opens BCA SkyLab (20 July 2016)
Claim 7 clm-eb9481cb4d02d505 descriptive
the SLEB Smart Hub building-energy data platform
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
BCA describes the Super Low Energy Building (SLEB) Smart Hub as "a one-stop digital hub with a Smart Advisor on energy efficiency for buildings across Singapore" and "an open database that collates and analyses green building technologies", holding "energy data of 2000 buildings". The URL listed for this source no longer resolves: BCA rebuilt its website and the Super Low Energy programme page was retired, so no locator string can be given for the page as cited. The wording quoted here is BCA's own, taken from the agency's current Singapore Green Building Masterplan page and its media releases.
Caveat
BCA's own announcement dates the Smart Hub to 4 September 2019, a year after the Super Low Energy programme, and names Hitachi Asia as the firm that built it for BCA.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA — Super Low Energy Building programme / Green Building Masterplan
Claim 8 clm-454692ea508e2173 quantitative
zero-energy buildings such as Keppel Bay Tower (certified December 2020)
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
BCA's media release states: "Singapore, 9 December 2020 - The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) has certified Keppel Bay Tower, owned and operated by Keppel Land Limited (Keppel Land), as a Green Mark Platinum (Zero Energy) building. It is the first commercial building in Singapore to achieve this accolade."
Caveat
The release is dated 9 December 2020, one day later than the date given in this entry's source label. It also describes Keppel Bay Tower as the first such commercial building, so at the time of certification the plural was not yet earned; and the zero-energy status depends partly on Renewable Energy Certificates bought through Keppel Land's own electricity retailer, not only on the building's own generation.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA media release — Keppel Bay Tower zero-energy (9 Dec 2020)
Claim 9 clm-83117d8fda82eb95 quantitative
cutting annual consumption ~22%
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
BCA's release states: "By February 2020, Keppel Land had achieved a reduction of 22.3% in annualised energy consumption of the building, exceeding its initial target of 20%."
Caveat
BCA dates the 22.3% to February 2020, before the December 2020 certification, and does not name the baseline year for it; the release's other savings figures are measured against a 2017 baseline. The reduction is credited to a package of technologies piloted under a BCA grant - a high-efficiency air distribution system, a cooling tower water management system, sensor-controlled fresh air intake, smart LED lighting and an intelligent building control system - rather than to any single system.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA media release — Keppel Bay Tower zero-energy (9 Dec 2020)
Claim 10 clm-50cebb06895812fc quantitative
Keppel Bay Tower, certified in December 2020
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
BCA's media release of 9 December 2020 announces that it "has certified Keppel Bay Tower, owned and operated by Keppel Land Limited (Keppel Land), as a Green Mark Platinum (Zero Energy) building."
Caveat
The release itself is dated 9 December 2020, one day later than this entry's source label states.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA media release — Keppel Bay Tower zero-energy (9 Dec 2020)
Claim 11 clm-671a3bce72edd3d0 quantitative
cut annual energy consumption by about 22%
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
BCA's release states: "By February 2020, Keppel Land had achieved a reduction of 22.3% in annualised energy consumption of the building, exceeding its initial target of 20%." The figure is the building owner's, reported by the agency that awarded the grant behind it.
Caveat
The reduction was reached by February 2020, ten months before the certification the sentence ties it to, and the release names no baseline year for this particular figure.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA media release — Keppel Bay Tower zero-energy (9 Dec 2020)
Claim 12 clm-24e06e0dcebbf831 descriptive
one flagship building, not a programme-wide result
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The release covers a single building and presents it as an exception rather than a norm: "It is the first commercial building in Singapore to achieve this accolade", and BCA's chief executive is quoted saying "I believe this is just the first of many more to come." No programme-wide energy figure appears in it.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. BCA media release — Keppel Bay Tower zero-energy (9 Dec 2020)
Forensic record — source dossiers, gaps, hashes and the exact revision this page renders

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-22-evidence-baseline effective 2026-07-25 · created 2026-08-22

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:f4fd6ffaa7733d36df7ca2cc0a76037e5c19159da60c3dc775768b8a6a499130
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
12
of 12 claims mapped
3
source dossiers
2
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Building and Construction Authority (BCA)
Actor types
national-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

3 source dossiers

BCA — Super Low Energy Building programme / Green Building Masterplan www1.bca.gov.sg · 4 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-8161f3afef062589
Publisher
Name not classified · www1.bca.gov.sg
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

SLE launched 2018; 80-80-80 by 2030; SLEB Smart Hub

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Prime Minister's Office — PM Lee opens BCA SkyLab (20 July 2016) pmo.gov.sg · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-dc9971b7c29ebb82
Publisher
Name not classified · pmo.gov.sg
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2016-07-20
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

SkyLab: world's first rotatable high-rise lab for the tropics, 200+ sensors, LBNL

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
BCA media release — Keppel Bay Tower zero-energy (9 Dec 2020) www1.bca.gov.sg · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-f276186a3fa52d3d
Publisher
Name not classified · www1.bca.gov.sg
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2020-12-09
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

First zero-energy commercial building; digital twin/live BMS; 22.3% energy reduction

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.

Continue exploring

Compare this project

🇦🇪 Masdar City · Abu Dhabi Two climate-tuned building bets: Masdar's zero-carbon city stalled part-built (2008); Green Mark ratings drive Singapore's net-zero push. 🇸🇬 Marina Bay District Cooling Network · Singapore Two routes to leaner tropical buildings: district cooling pipes chilled water in (2006); Green Mark/SLE ratings cut each building's use. 🇸🇬 Punggol Digital District Open Digital Platform & Smart Grid · Singapore Green Mark in practice: Punggol Digital District won Green Mark Platinum for 17 buildings with digital-twin energy management.

Explore the wider context

🏙️ Urban digital twins compared🔌 Smart grid & energy guide🏙️ Singapore city profile⚡ Energy projects📖 Building performance standard (BPS)📖 Smart grid📖 Digital twin
📎 Cite this project

1001 Smart Cities (2026). “Green Mark & Super Low Energy Buildings” — Singapore, Singapore. The Smart City Atlas. https://1001smartcities.org/projects/singapore-green-buildings-sle/ (last verified 2026-07-25). Data: CC BY 4.0.

The underlying data is free to reuse with attribution — see the open data page.

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