Smart City Topics
Evidence-led guides that connect definitions, analysis and documented projects across the atlas.
A topic guide explains one subject across cities — what the technology actually is, what the documented record supports, and the questions to ask before buying it. For the complete computed sets — every failure, every evidence grade, every operator — see the track record; for a reading order through hand-picked entries, take a curated tour.
Getting around
How people and vehicles move — the biggest slice of the atlas, from adaptive signals to driverless metros.
🚌
Public transport
252 documented projects · 140 cities · 1976–2026 · 45 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 25 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🚦
Traffic management
153 documented projects · 104 cities · 1975–2026 · 27 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 12 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
💷
Congestion pricing
20 documented projects · 17 cities · 1976–2025 · 7 graded independent or peer-reviewed
Read the guide →
🎫
Smart ticketing
111 documented projects · 87 cities · 1997–2026 · 19 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 9 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🚲
Cycling
52 documented projects · 44 cities · 2007–2024 · 2 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 7 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🅿️
Smart parking
44 documented projects · 40 cities · 2009–2026 · 1 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 5 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🛴
Shared mobility
69 documented projects · 55 cities · 2003–2026 · 6 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 13 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🚗
Autonomous vehicles
79 documented projects · 52 cities · 1981–2026 · 7 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 11 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🔋
EV & charging
28 documented projects · 25 cities · 2007–2024 · 3 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 4 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🚁
Drones & air mobility
15 documented projects · 15 cities · 2015–2025 · 1 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 1 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
Water, energy and waste
The networked utilities: what a city pumps, powers, lights and collects.
💧
Water
121 documented projects · 101 cities · 1975–2026 · 20 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 8 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🔌
Smart grid & energy
92 documented projects · 65 cities · 1981–2026 · 10 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 8 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
☀️
Solar & PV
35 documented projects · 29 cities · 2000–2023 · 6 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 5 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
⚗️
Hydrogen
3 documented projects · 3 cities · 2018–2024
Read the guide →
💡
Smart lighting
44 documented projects · 44 cities · 2009–2026 · 4 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 5 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🗑️
Waste & recycling
37 documented projects · 35 cities · 1992–2026 · 5 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 3 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
♻️
Circular economy
20 documented projects · 19 cities · 1992–2024 · 4 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 2 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
Climate, health and the street
Where cities measure their environment — and what a reading is allowed to trigger.
🌊
Flood resilience
59 documented projects · 54 cities · 1975–2026 · 9 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 2 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🌡️
Heat & cooling
31 documented projects · 26 cities · 2006–2025 · 5 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 1 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🌫️
Air quality
85 documented projects · 62 cities · 1951–2025 · 37 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 5 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🏥
Health & care
37 documented projects · 29 cities · 1986–2025 · 18 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 4 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🏞️
Public space
35 documented projects · 26 cities · 2009–2025 · 6 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 7 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
The data layer
The plumbing behind everything else: sensor networks, registers and models — and the districts where cities test the whole stack at once.
📡
Sensors & IoT
539 documented projects · 191 cities · 1951–2026 · 101 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 45 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
📻
LoRaWAN
18 documented projects · 15 cities · 2017–2026 · 3 graded independent or peer-reviewed
Read the guide →
📶
Connectivity & 5G
65 documented projects · 53 cities · 1994–2026 · 8 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 6 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
📊
Open data
234 documented projects · 98 cities · 1951–2026 · 51 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 20 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🪞
Digital twin
33 documented projects · 27 cities · 2005–2026 · 2 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 1 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🗺️
GIS & cadastre
68 documented projects · 59 cities · 1990–2026 · 8 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 4 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🤖
Artificial intelligence
123 documented projects · 77 cities · 1984–2026 · 21 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 12 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🏘️
Smart districts
38 documented projects · 30 cities · 2000–2026 · 8 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 7 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
Government, participation and watching
Digital government, who takes part in it — and who is allowed to check the cameras.
🪪
Digital government
246 documented projects · 133 cities · 1989–2026 · 45 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 18 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🗳️
Citizen participation
94 documented projects · 71 cities · 1989–2026 · 23 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 12 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🔒
Privacy & personal data
98 documented projects · 74 cities · 1995–2026 · 21 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 11 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
🛡️
Safety & security
173 documented projects · 109 cities · 1976–2026 · 39 graded independent or peer-reviewed · 19 failed or scaled back
Read the guide →
The six categories
A topic is a thread that runs across the atlas, and a project can carry several. A category is the one domain each project belongs to, so these six cover the corpus exactly once.
