{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "singapore-green-buildings-sle", "title": "Green Mark & Super Low Energy Buildings", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/singapore-green-buildings-sle/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-08-22T21:14:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-07-25", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 12 claims and 3 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:f4fd6ffaa7733d36df7ca2cc0a76037e5c19159da60c3dc775768b8a6a499130", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-07-25", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:df901dd7c8b48e852eb4753275450958a945c34d12857dcb4deef98694b96570", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2005, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Building and Construction Authority (BCA)", "actorTypes": [ "national-government" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": null, "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-f2c9592f5c01f33c", "field": "snippet", "text": "Singapore's Building and Construction Authority has run the Green Mark rating scheme since 2005", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8161f3afef062589" ], "supportNote": "BCA dates the scheme to 2005: \"The launch of the BCA Green Mark scheme in 2005 formed the backbone of Singapore's first Green Building Masterplan, which encouraged, enabled and engaged industry stakeholders in adopting new green buildings.\" BCA is the agency that owns and awards the certification. The URL listed for this source no longer resolves: BCA rebuilt its website and the Super Low Energy programme page was retired, so no locator string can be given for the page as cited. The wording quoted here is BCA's own, taken from the agency's current Singapore Green Building Masterplan page and its media releases.", "caveat": "BCA describes 2005 as the launch of the Green Mark scheme; the Green Building Masterplan that was built around it was first rolled out in 2006 and has been reissued several times since.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2ef38c78715a04f6", "field": "snippet", "text": "launched the Super Low Energy (SLE) programme in 2018", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8161f3afef062589" ], "supportNote": "BCA puts the start of the Super Low Energy effort in 2018, writing of \"the inception of the GM SLE challenge in 2018\" in its media release of 17 September 2021. The URL listed for this source no longer resolves: BCA rebuilt its website and the Super Low Energy programme page was retired, so no locator string can be given for the page as cited. The wording quoted here is BCA's own, taken from the agency's current Singapore Green Building Masterplan page and its media releases.", "caveat": "What BCA dates to 2018 is the Green Mark Super Low Energy certification challenge and its criteria; the first seventeen Super Low Energy awards were only made in May 2019, and the SLEB Smart Hub followed in September 2019.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9e627c5caea4f864", "field": "snippet", "text": "aiming for 80% of floor area green and 80% of new developments SLE by 2030", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8161f3afef062589" ], "supportNote": "BCA states the targets as \"80-80-80 by 2030\", namely \"80% buildings green by 2030, 80% new developments with Super Low Energy standard from 2030, 80% energy efficiency improvement from 2005 for best-in-class buildings by 2030\", and elsewhere spells the first out as \"at least 80% of buildings (by floor area) in Singapore to be green by 2030\". The URL listed for this source no longer resolves: BCA rebuilt its website and the Super Low Energy programme page was retired, so no locator string can be given for the page as cited. The wording quoted here is BCA's own, taken from the agency's current Singapore Green Building Masterplan page and its media releases.", "caveat": "BCA's formula has three parts, not two: the passage leaves out the third target, an 80% improvement in energy efficiency over 2005 for best-in-class buildings. BCA also words the Super Low Energy target as applying to new developments \"from 2030\" rather than being reached \"by 2030\", and the greening target predates the Super Low Energy programme. BCA reported progress as of December 2025 at 66% of floor area greened and about a third of new developments meeting the standard.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-55a8dafd1cb7d28e", "field": "snippet", "text": "the world's first high-rise rotatable testbed for the tropics", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dc9971b7c29ebb82" ], "supportNote": "Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said at the opening: \"It is a first of its kind in the world - a high-rise rotatable lab for the tropics. The lab is on a turntable so it can rotate to simulate different building orientations and to test technologies under real world conditions.\"", "caveat": "This is the Prime Minister's description at the ribbon-cutting, not a checked record. The atlas passage repeats it as plain fact; the superlative carries three qualifiers at once - high-rise, rotatable and tropical - and no source in this entry tests it against other facilities.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-594c754b25d0c0d8", "field": "snippet", "text": "opened July 2016", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dc9971b7c29ebb82" ], "supportNote": "The Prime Minister's Office publishes the speech under the date 20 July 2016 and describes it as \"PM Lee Hsien Loong at opening of BCA Skylab and Academic Tower on 20 July 2016\"; the speech itself opens \"I am very happy to join you this morning to open the BCA SkyLab and its Academic Tower.\"", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3a0c4395a323b6ed", "field": "snippet", "text": "built with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dc9971b7c29ebb82" ], "supportNote": "The Prime Minister said: \"We built it in collaboration with the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in California which is renowned for its research and development in building energy efficiency.\"", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-eb9481cb4d02d505", "field": "snippet", "text": "the SLEB Smart Hub building-energy data platform", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8161f3afef062589" ], "supportNote": "BCA describes the Super Low Energy Building (SLEB) Smart Hub as \"a one-stop digital hub with a Smart Advisor on energy efficiency for buildings across Singapore\" and \"an open database that collates and analyses green building technologies\", holding \"energy data of 2000 buildings\". The URL listed for this source no longer resolves: BCA rebuilt its website and the Super Low Energy programme page was retired, so no locator string can be given for the page as cited. The wording quoted here is BCA's own, taken from the agency's current Singapore Green Building Masterplan page and its media releases.", "caveat": "BCA's own announcement dates the Smart Hub to 4 September 2019, a year after the Super Low Energy programme, and names Hitachi Asia as the firm that built it for BCA.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-454692ea508e2173", "field": "snippet", "text": "zero-energy buildings such as Keppel Bay Tower (certified December 2020)", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f276186a3fa52d3d" ], "supportNote": "BCA's media release states: \"Singapore, 9 December 2020 - The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) has certified Keppel Bay Tower, owned and operated by Keppel Land Limited (Keppel Land), as a Green Mark Platinum (Zero Energy) building. It is the first commercial building in Singapore to achieve this accolade.\"", "caveat": "The release is dated 9 December 2020, one day later than the date given in this entry's source label. It also describes Keppel Bay Tower as the first such commercial building, so at the time of certification the plural was not yet earned; and the zero-energy status depends partly on Renewable Energy Certificates bought through Keppel Land's own electricity retailer, not only on the building's own generation.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-83117d8fda82eb95", "field": "snippet", "text": "cutting annual consumption ~22%", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f276186a3fa52d3d" ], "supportNote": "BCA's release states: \"By February 2020, Keppel Land had achieved a reduction of 22.3% in annualised energy consumption of the building, exceeding its initial target of 20%.\"", "caveat": "BCA dates the 22.3% to February 2020, before the December 2020 certification, and does not name the baseline year for it; the release's other savings figures are measured against a 2017 baseline. The reduction is credited to a package of technologies piloted under a BCA grant - a high-efficiency air distribution system, a cooling tower water management system, sensor-controlled fresh air intake, smart LED lighting and an intelligent building control system - rather than to any single system.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-50cebb06895812fc", "field": "impact", "text": "Keppel Bay Tower, certified in December 2020", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f276186a3fa52d3d" ], "supportNote": "BCA's media release of 9 December 2020 announces that it \"has certified Keppel Bay Tower, owned and operated by Keppel Land Limited (Keppel Land), as a Green Mark Platinum (Zero Energy) building.\"", "caveat": "The release itself is dated 9 December 2020, one day later than this entry's source label states.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-671a3bce72edd3d0", "field": "impact", "text": "cut annual energy consumption by about 22%", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f276186a3fa52d3d" ], "supportNote": "BCA's release states: \"By February 2020, Keppel Land had achieved a reduction of 22.3% in annualised energy consumption of the building, exceeding its initial target of 20%.\" The figure is the building owner's, reported by the agency that awarded the grant behind it.", "caveat": "The reduction was reached by February 2020, ten months before the certification the sentence ties it to, and the release names no baseline year for this particular figure.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-24e06e0dcebbf831", "field": "impact", "text": "one flagship building, not a programme-wide result", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f276186a3fa52d3d" ], "supportNote": "The release covers a single building and presents it as an exception rather than a norm: \"It is the first commercial building in Singapore to achieve this accolade\", and BCA's chief executive is quoted saying \"I believe this is just the first of many more to come.\" No programme-wide energy figure appears in it.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-8161f3afef062589", "title": "BCA — Super Low Energy Building programme / Green Building Masterplan", "url": "https://www1.bca.gov.sg/buildsg/sustainability/super-low-energy-programme/super-low-energy-building-advancing-net-zero", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "www1.bca.gov.sg", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-f2c9592f5c01f33c", "clm-2ef38c78715a04f6", "clm-9e627c5caea4f864", "clm-eb9481cb4d02d505" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "SLE launched 2018; 80-80-80 by 2030; SLEB Smart Hub", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-dc9971b7c29ebb82", "title": "Prime Minister's Office — PM Lee opens BCA SkyLab (20 July 2016)", "url": "https://www.pmo.gov.sg/newsroom/pm-lee-hsien-loong-opening-bca-skylab-and-academic-tower/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "pmo.gov.sg", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-55a8dafd1cb7d28e", "clm-594c754b25d0c0d8", "clm-3a0c4395a323b6ed" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2016-07-20", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "SkyLab: world's first rotatable high-rise lab for the tropics, 200+ sensors, LBNL", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-f276186a3fa52d3d", "title": "BCA media release — Keppel Bay Tower zero-energy (9 Dec 2020)", "url": "https://www1.bca.gov.sg/about-us/news-and-publications/media-releases/2020/12/08/keppel-bay-tower-certified-as-singapore-s-first-green-mark-platinum-(zero-energy)-commercial-building/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "www1.bca.gov.sg", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-454692ea508e2173", "clm-83117d8fda82eb95", "clm-50cebb06895812fc", "clm-671a3bce72edd3d0", "clm-24e06e0dcebbf831" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2020-12-09", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "First zero-energy commercial building; digital twin/live BMS; 22.3% energy reduction", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 12, "claimsMapped": 12, "sourcesTotal": 3, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }