1001 Smart Cities
🇳🇱 Amsterdam

Johan Cruijff ArenA Battery Storage & Vehicle-to-Grid Pilot

🤖 AI-generated summary of the sources below · 🔎 Last verified · ◆ 10 sourced claims, none individually verified yet

This overview was generated with AI from the public sources listed below and checked against them before publication. It has not had a complete human fact-check — treat it as a starting point and follow the sources.

How this atlas is made · What “last verified” means · What “source-checked” means · The full record behind this page

A 3 MW battery built from the equivalent of 148 Nissan LEAF batteries, second-life and new, with Eaton power-conversion tech and rooftop solar has powered Amsterdam's Johan Cruijff ArenA since June 2018, installed to back up the arena in place of diesel generators. A bidirectional (V2G) pilot began in December 2019 with the first of fifteen chargers, letting consenting visitors' EVs feed power back to the arena. A second battery installed in 2024 raised total storage to 8.6 MWh.

Live 📅 since 2018
Outcome🔄 Ongoing
Evidence🏛️ Officialgrades the sourcing — this entry states no impact figure
what does this mean?The strongest source is the operator's or the city's own reporting — an official report, dataset or press release. It grades who did the looking — not how well the project went. All four grades →
Run byJohan Cruijff ArenA
Scale🧪 Pilot
⚡ EnergySmart grid & energySolar & PVEV & chargingCircular economy

Sources

↗ Eaton (technology partner)Published 29 June 20183 MW/148-battery system specs, 2018 launch.
↗ Johan Cruijff ArenA (operator)Published 23 May 2023Operator's own account of the battery system and its purpose.
↗ electrive.com (trade press)Published 9 December 2019 · updated 10 December 2019December 2019 V2G pilot, 15 bidirectional chargers.
↗ pv-magazine (trade press)Published 12 August 20242024 second-battery expansion to 8.6 MWh.

📅 How old is the evidence?

Two clocks, kept apart: when this entry’s sources were published, and what has happened to its record in the atlas. Documented span: since 2018. 4 of 4 sources carry a publication date, from 29 June 2018 to 12 August 2024.

When the sources were published

  1. Eaton · vendorEaton (technology partner)
  2. electrive · presselectrive.com (trade press) · updated 10 December 2019
  3. Johan Cruijff ArenA · operatorJohan Cruijff ArenA (operator)
  4. pv magazine International · presspv-magazine (trade press)

Every source, with links ↑

What happened to this record

  1. Sources last read
  2. Entered the record

Every revision, permanent →

Show your work What this page rests on and what it can’t tell you · all 10 claims with their sources · the forensic record

Evidence Passport · public beta 10 addressable claims, 4 source dossiers, one permanent baseline. The passport is unreviewed — an AI-assisted structural migration, not a human or expert endorsement. Every revision keeps a permanent copy under revision history.

Inspect the claims, one by one — verbatim text, sources and caveats for all 10

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-25af35f2a395f4dd quantitative
A 3 MW battery
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
All four sources give the same power rating. Eaton's release is headlined "The 3 megawatt energy storage system in Johan Cruijff ArenA is now live"; the arena's own page describes "the 3 MW storage system"; electrive refers to "the existing 3 MW battery storage"; pv magazine recalls "the installation of a 3 MW storage system in 2018".
Caveat
3 MW is a power rating — how fast the battery can charge or discharge — not a measure of how much energy it holds. None of the sources states the energy capacity of this first battery on its own.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Eaton (technology partner)
  2. Johan Cruijff ArenA (operator)
  3. electrive.com (trade press)
  4. pv-magazine (trade press)
Claim 2 clm-f555043a6624413e quantitative
the equivalent of 148 Nissan LEAF batteries, second-life and new
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Eaton calls the installation "the largest European energy storage system using second-life and new electric vehicle batteries in a commercial building" and describes it as "Combining Eaton power conversion units and the equivalent of 148 Nissan LEAF batteries". The arena's own page names "the 148 Nissan LEAF batteries", and electrive writes of storage "consisting of 148 Nissan Leaf batteries".
Caveat
Eaton writes of "the equivalent of 148 Nissan LEAF batteries", which is a comparison rather than a count of physical packs. None of the sources says how many of the batteries are second-life and how many are new.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Eaton (technology partner)
  2. Johan Cruijff ArenA (operator)
  3. electrive.com (trade press)
Claim 3 clm-cd22a1a8b0800911 descriptive
with Eaton power-conversion tech
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Eaton describes the system as "Combining Eaton power conversion units and the equivalent of 148 Nissan LEAF batteries". The arena confirms the pairing from its own side: "The combination of Eaton's energy distribution system and the 148 Nissan LEAF batteries ensures not only that the energy storage system is more sustainable but also that it creates a circular economy for electric vehicle batteries."
Caveat
The two sources name Eaton's contribution differently — Eaton calls it power conversion, the arena calls it an energy distribution system.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Eaton (technology partner)
  2. Johan Cruijff ArenA (operator)
Claim 4 clm-1f42d315eeae8096 descriptive
rooftop solar
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The arena writes that "the energy produced by the >4,200 solar panels on the ArenA's roof can also be stored and used optimally". electrive names "the 1 MW photovoltaic system on the roof of the arena", and pv magazine says the batteries "store energy generated by 4,200 solar panels installed on the stadium's roof".
Caveat
The rooftop array is a separate installation whose output the battery stores, not part of the battery itself. pv magazine adds that the batteries also take in power from a wind turbine in the village of Oudendijk and a local solar park.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Johan Cruijff ArenA (operator)
  2. electrive.com (trade press)
  3. pv-magazine (trade press)
Claim 5 clm-6cf3025b3c662ece quantitative
has powered Amsterdam's Johan Cruijff ArenA since June 2018
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Eaton's release is dated 6/29/2018 and opens: "Today the largest European energy storage system using second-life and new electric vehicle batteries in a commercial building was made live." The arena's own page, published 23 May 2023, still describes the system as in service, calling itself "the proud owner of Europe's largest energy storage system using secondhand batteries and batteries from electric vehicles in a commercial building".
Caveat
The sources describe a storage system that backs up and balances the stadium's supply, not one that generates the stadium's power. pv magazine reported in 2024 that until shortly before then the system had been used mainly for emergency power.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Eaton (technology partner)
  2. Johan Cruijff ArenA (operator)
Claim 6 clm-06f0a5aa6a583713 descriptive
installed to back up the arena in place of diesel generators
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Eaton wrote at the launch that the system "will provide back-up power, reducing the use of diesel generators". The arena repeats it in the present tense: the storage system "provides backup power, reduces the use of diesel generators and eases the pressure on the energy grid".
Caveat
Both statements come from the companies behind the installation, and both describe a purpose rather than a result. Neither gives a measured reduction — no hours, litres of fuel or emissions are reported, before or after.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Eaton (technology partner)
  2. Johan Cruijff ArenA (operator)
Claim 7 clm-43d813ed18be0312 quantitative
A bidirectional (V2G) pilot began in December 2019 with the first of fifteen chargers
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
electrive reported on 9 December 2019: "The first of 15 bidirectional charging stations in the JCA is now officially in operation", and described a project that "combines the 15 new charging stations with the existing 3 MW battery storage".
Caveat
At the time of that report only the first of the fifteen chargers was in operation. None of the sources confirms that all fifteen were completed, and none is dated later than 2019 on this part of the installation.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. electrive.com (trade press)
Claim 8 clm-9a08a78d50975234 descriptive
letting consenting visitors' EVs feed power back to the arena
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
electrive writes that the setup "enables electric cars to transfer energy from stadium visitors – with their consent – to boost the maximum current capacity", and that visitors "can actively contribute to the power supply of the arena with their electric cars".
Caveat
electrive frames the energy that flows back as a contribution to the stadium's emergency power supply, and notes that the charging management system makes sure each car is charged again before its owner leaves.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. electrive.com (trade press)
Claim 9 clm-41f18ff17b1b569d quantitative
A second battery installed in 2024
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
pv magazine reported on 12 August 2024 that the arena "deployed a second battery in recent weeks, following the installation of a 3 MW storage system in 2018", and that a match the previous week "ran entirely off green energy" as a result.
Caveat
pv magazine gives no power rating, chemistry or supplier for the second battery, and no date more precise than "in recent weeks".

Sources carrying this claim

  1. pv-magazine (trade press)
Claim 10 clm-dca664ef36ba1ea6 quantitative
raised total storage to 8.6 MWh
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
pv magazine states: "The new installation takes the stadium's combined storage capacity to 8.6 MWh."
Caveat
8.6 MWh is the combined figure for both batteries. The sources do not break it down, so how much of it the 2018 system contributes is not stated anywhere.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. pv-magazine (trade press)
Forensic record — source dossiers, gaps, hashes and the exact revision this page renders

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-22-evidence-baseline effective 2026-07-20 · created 2026-08-22

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:843ca20f70a74f1c14b127eaefc3af82e53a4a3b0a2a47dd656b11d5d0cf2ce8
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
10
of 10 claims mapped
4
source dossiers
4
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Johan Cruijff ArenA
Actor types
private
Funding model
private
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

4 source dossiers

Eaton (technology partner) eaton.com · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-272f2c96cc3b5e70
Publisher
Name not classified · eaton.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2018-06-29
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-20
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

3 MW/148-battery system specs, 2018 launch.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Johan Cruijff ArenA (operator) johancruijffarena.nl · 6 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-3b0337a8a757d4d8
Publisher
Name not classified · johancruijffarena.nl
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2023-05-23
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-20
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Operator's own account of the battery system and its purpose.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
electrive.com (trade press) electrive.com · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-0f7b3df81f25126e
Publisher
Name not classified · electrive.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2019-12-09
Updated
2019-12-10
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-20
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

December 2019 V2G pilot, 15 bidirectional chargers.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
pv-magazine (trade press) pv-magazine.com · 4 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-b3ef7090a35cb4d7
Publisher
Name not classified · pv-magazine.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2024-08-12
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-20
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

2024 second-battery expansion to 8.6 MWh.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.

Continue exploring

Compare this project

🇳🇱 Digital Circular Material Passport Ledger · Amsterdam 148 repurposed EV batteries follow the same logic as Amsterdam's material passports: track it, reuse it, don't discard it. 🇳🇱 Buiksloterham Positive Energy District (ATELIER) · Amsterdam Both hit the same real bottleneck in Amsterdam's grid: batteries and microgrids work, but Liander's capacity doesn't always follow. 🇩🇪 EUREF-Campus Micro Smart Grid · Berlin Two testbeds coupling EVs and the grid: the ArenA's battery reuses 148 EV packs; Berlin's EUREF micro smart grid runs V2G and storage.

Explore the wider context

🗑️ Pipes or pennies🔌 Smart grid & energy guide🏙️ Amsterdam city profile⚡ Energy projects📖 Microgrid📖 Smart grid📖 Building performance standard (BPS)
📎 Cite this project

1001 Smart Cities (2026). “Johan Cruijff ArenA Battery Storage & Vehicle-to-Grid Pilot” — Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Smart City Atlas. https://1001smartcities.org/projects/amsterdam-arena-energy-storage/ (last verified 2026-07-20). Data: CC BY 4.0.

The underlying data is free to reuse with attribution — see the open data page.

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