1001 Smart Cities
🇩🇰 Copenhagen

EnergyLab Nordhavn Smart Energy District

🤖 AI-generated summary · ◆ 16 sourced claims · 🔎 Last verified

This overview was generated with AI from the public sources listed below and checked against them before publication. It has not had a complete human fact-check — treat it as a starting point and follow the sources.

16 sourced claims on this page, none individually verified yet — turn on “Sources in the text” to see each one.

How this atlas is made · What “last verified” means · What “source-checked” means · The full record behind this page

The utility turned down the heat in 23 Copenhagen buildings to see who would notice. Most residents did not; a few complained when the thermometers showed nothing had changed.

Outcome🎯 Succeeded
Evidence🏛️ Official
what does this mean?The strongest source is the operator's or the city's own reporting — an official report, dataset or press release. It grades who did the looking — not how well the project went. All four grades →
Run byTechnical University of Denmark (DTU), leading a consortium with Copenhagen Municipality & HOFOR
Scale🏘️ District
FundingDKK 128.95m total budget, including DKK 76.97m (~60%) from the Danish EUDP programme, 2015–2019

Part of 1001 Smart Cities — 1,216 documented projects · 🏙️ 9 more in Copenhagen · 🌡️ Heat & cooling guide · ⚡ Energy projects

DTU led a consortium (Copenhagen Municipality, HOFOR, By & Havn, Danfoss, ABB and others) that turned Nordhavn into a live smart-energy testbed, 2015–2019: AC and DC electric-vehicle charging in a car park, ultra-low-temperature district heating, and demand-response heating, from floor-heating controls in 85 apartments to the utility turning down the heat supply of whole buildings. The formal project ended in 2019; HOFOR later extended flexible district heating to Nørrebro.

Completed 📅 2015–2019

📊 Impact

HOFOR measured the heating side itself. In 23 Copenhagen buildings in the 2017/18 heating season, compared with a reference period a year earlier, it could cut the heat supply for about 3 to 4 hours in older buildings and up to 7 hours in new heavy ones without indoor temperatures falling more than its 1°C limit, although residents in a few buildings complained even when no large drop was measured. In a second phase in winter 2018/19, software control at eight pilot sites cut their daily peak heat demand by 15% on average, corrected for outdoor temperature against a 2017 reference period.

🎓 Lesson

Much of the flexibility the trials found lay in heating that was badly run, not in new technology: residents' own thermostat schedules created extra peaks, installers had swapped thermostats between rooms, and HOFOR concluded there was huge potential in better operation and maintenance of customers' heating systems. A building's thermal mass can stand in for a peak boiler for a few hours, but the basic controls have to work first.

⚡ EnergyHeat & coolingSmart grid & energyEV & chargingSmart districts

Sources

↗ EUDP — Danish Energy Technology Development and Demonstration ProgrammeFunder record for case 64014-0555: led by DTU with Copenhagen Municipality, HOFOR, Ørsted, By & Havn, ABB and others; period 2015–2019; budget DKK 128.95m, of which a DKK 76.97m grant (60%).
↗ DTU Research Database (Orbit)DTU's project record: Nordhavn as a living energy laboratory, start and end 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2019, partner list.
↗ Danfoss — Nordhavn, Denmark's energy lab of the futurePublished 2 November 2017Danfoss case story: Danfoss leads the EnergyLab Nordhavn sub-project on smart components, with ultra-low-temperature district heating substations, remote-controlled radiator thermostats and surplus heat from a supermarket's refrigeration.
↗ TV2 Kosmopol — Varmeselskab sænker temperaturen i københavnske lejligheder i nyt forsøgPublished 11 April 2019Regional news, April 2019: HOFOR extends its flexible district-heating trial from Nordhavn to about 3,000 residents on Nørrebro; heat may be turned down in more than 3,300 apartments in the two areas.
↗ EUDP final report: EnergyLab Nordhavn – Smart Components (26 Mar 2021)Final report of the Danfoss-led sister project (EUDP 64015-0055): floor-heating controls installed in 85 apartments in the Havnekanten building shifted heating entirely out of the peak period with negligible effect on indoor temperatures; residents' thermostat schedules and installation errors undermined the flexibility.
Show 3 more sourcesShow fewer
↗ HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018)HOFOR's public deliverable: field measurements in 23 buildings in winter 2017/18 against a reference period; heat supply cut for 3–4 hours in older buildings and up to 7 hours in new heavy buildings within a 1°C comfort limit; complaints in a few buildings.
↗ Leanheat and HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2e: automated heat storage (22 May 2019)Public deliverable by Leanheat and HOFOR: software-based peak power optimisation at eight pilot sites in winter 2018/19 reduced daily peak power by 15% on average, temperature-corrected against a 2017 reference period.
↗ Nerve Smart Systems, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D7.2-7.3: car sharing and charging (12 Apr 2019)Public deliverable: eight charging outlets (five AC, three DC) installed and in service in Nordhavn; a battery buffer for the Lüders car park recommended as an upcoming project; CleanCharge's activities taken over by Nerve Smart Systems.

📅 How old is the evidence?

Two clocks, kept apart: when this entry’s sources were published, and what has happened to its record in the atlas. Documented span: 2015–2019. 6 of 8 sources carry a publication date, from 2 November 2017 to 26 March 2021.

When the sources were published

  1. Danfoss · vendorDanfoss — Nordhavn, Denmark's energy lab of the future
  2. EnergyLab Nordhavn · researchHOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018)
  3. TV2 Kosmopol · pressTV2 Kosmopol — Varmeselskab sænker temperaturen i københavnske lejligheder i nyt forsøg
  4. EnergyLab Nordhavn · researchNerve Smart Systems, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D7.2-7.3: car sharing and charging (12 Apr 2019)
  5. EnergyLab Nordhavn · researchLeanheat and HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2e: automated heat storage (22 May 2019)
  6. EUDP – Energiteknologisk Udviklings- og Demonstrationsprogram · national governmentEUDP final report: EnergyLab Nordhavn – Smart Components (26 Mar 2021)

Every source, with links ↑

What happened to this record

  1. Entered the record
  2. Sources last read

Every revision, permanent →

Show your work What this page rests on and what it can’t tell you · all 16 claims with their sources · the forensic record

Evidence file · public beta 16 addressable claims, 8 source dossiers, one permanent baseline. The file is unreviewed — an AI-assisted structural migration, not a human or expert endorsement. Every revision keeps a permanent copy under revision history.

Inspect the claims, one by one — verbatim text, sources and caveats for all 16

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-40a102a66b9cd93b descriptive
DTU led a consortium (Copenhagen Municipality, HOFOR, By & Havn, Danfoss, ABB and others)
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The funder's record names DTU as main responsible with Copenhagen Municipality, HOFOR, By & Havn, ABB and others; Danfoss led the sister sub-project on smart components.
Caveat
Danfoss is not on the main project's partner list; it took part through the separately funded smart-components project.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. EUDP — Danish Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme
  2. Danfoss — Nordhavn, Denmark's energy lab of the future
Claim 2 clm-c8489a4a58eb740c quantitative
turned Nordhavn into a live smart-energy testbed, 2015–2019
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
DTU's record describes Nordhavn as a living energy laboratory and dates the project 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2019.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DTU Research Database (Orbit)
  2. EUDP — Danish Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme
Claim 3 clm-18819b680b2e286c descriptive
AC and DC electric-vehicle charging in a car park
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The deliverable reports eight outlets, five AC and three DC, installed and in service.
Caveat
A battery buffer for the chargers was only recommended as a follow-up project in April 2019.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Nerve Smart Systems, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D7.2-7.3: car sharing and charging (12 Apr 2019)
Claim 4 clm-d88c56ed345e075d descriptive
ultra-low-temperature district heating
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Danfoss describes district heating substations based on ultra-low temperatures; the final report describes booster heat pumps enabling ultra-low-temperature supply.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Danfoss — Nordhavn, Denmark's energy lab of the future
  2. EUDP final report: EnergyLab Nordhavn – Smart Components (26 Mar 2021)
Claim 5 clm-dc18ea9a63ed3384 quantitative
from floor-heating controls in 85 apartments
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The final report says Danfoss Link controllers for floor heating were installed in 85 apartments in the Havnekanten building.
Caveat
The page breaks the word across a line; the locator ends at the hyphen.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. EUDP final report: EnergyLab Nordhavn – Smart Components (26 Mar 2021)
Claim 6 clm-bb0d7bed3f04472d descriptive
to the utility turning down the heat supply of whole buildings
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
HOFOR controlled the district-heating substations of the participating buildings and reduced their heat supply for periods of several hours.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018)
Claim 7 clm-df8d05e886672f48 quantitative
The formal project ended in 2019
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
DTU's record gives the end date 31 March 2019 and status finished.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DTU Research Database (Orbit)
Claim 8 clm-b260748163db1983 descriptive
HOFOR later extended flexible district heating to Nørrebro
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The April 2019 report says HOFOR is extending the scheme from Nordhavn to include about 3,000 residents on Nørrebro.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. TV2 Kosmopol — Varmeselskab sænker temperaturen i københavnske lejligheder i nyt forsøg
Claim 9 clm-82dba00b95cc9194 quantitative
In 23 Copenhagen buildings in the 2017/18 heating season, compared with a reference period a year earlier
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The deliverable describes field measurements in 23 buildings during the 2017/2018 heating season, evaluated against a reference week in February 2017.
Caveat
The utility measured its own trial; no outside evaluation has been published.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018)
Claim 10 clm-535c1f195631c4be quantitative
it could cut the heat supply for about 3 to 4 hours in older buildings and up to 7 hours in new heavy ones without indoor temperatures falling more than its 1°C limit
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The conclusion gives 3–4 hours for old heavy buildings and up to 7 hours for new heavy buildings, using a 1°C drop in room temperature as the comfort limit.
Caveat
Room temperature was measured in only a few apartments per building.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018)
Claim 11 clm-e49e96ae8a6ffdd9 descriptive
although residents in a few buildings complained even when no large drop was measured
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report notes that on a few occasions users complained although no drastic temperature changes were measured, and that complaints came from two buildings with one-string radiator systems.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018)
Claim 12 clm-986885425e14a5f5 quantitative
In a second phase in winter 2018/19, software control at eight pilot sites cut their daily peak heat demand by 15% on average, corrected for outdoor temperature against a 2017 reference period.
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The deliverable reports that continuous peak power optimisation reduced daily peak power by 15% on average at the eight pilot sites, with the daily profile corrected for outdoor temperature against a 2017 standard-control period.
Caveat
The software vendor co-wrote the report, and the report itself notes that two different reference periods appear to have been used.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Leanheat and HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2e: automated heat storage (22 May 2019)
Claim 13 clm-5e186ab82ec614c3 descriptive
residents' own thermostat schedules created extra peaks
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The final report found that occupants' programmable setpoint schedules made the floor heating demand heat only in the peak period.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. EUDP final report: EnergyLab Nordhavn – Smart Components (26 Mar 2021)
Claim 14 clm-8a6fda93705f37ba descriptive
installers had swapped thermostats between rooms
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The final report lists installation errors detected through the data, such as thermostats swapped between rooms.
Caveat
The page breaks the word across a line; the locator ends at the hyphen.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. EUDP final report: EnergyLab Nordhavn – Smart Components (26 Mar 2021)
Claim 15 clm-029ca419749a2d59 descriptive
HOFOR concluded there was huge potential in better operation and maintenance of customers' heating systems
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The deliverable's conclusion says there is a huge potential for better operation and maintenance of the customers' heating centrals.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018)
Claim 16 clm-6e1293fafeede937 descriptive
A building's thermal mass can stand in for a peak boiler for a few hours
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
HOFOR concludes that buildings' heat storage capacity can be used in its peak-load strategy in 3- and 7-hour sequences; the final report links the demonstrated flexibility to reducing the need for peak load boilers.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018)
  2. EUDP final report: EnergyLab Nordhavn – Smart Components (26 Mar 2021)
Forensic record — source dossiers, gaps, hashes and the exact revision this page renders

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-10-14-baseline effective 2026-10-14 · created 2026-10-14

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:7942dd7a6325873e60ae20012caff82f33453891a97b9d766fe1c882f362796f
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
16
of 16 claims mapped
8
source dossiers
6
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Technical University of Denmark (DTU), leading a consortium with Copenhagen Municipality & HOFOR
Actor types
research, city-government, utility
Funding model
grant
Funding description
DKK 128.95m total budget, including DKK 76.97m (~60%) from the Danish EUDP programme, 2015–2019
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

8 source dossiers

EUDP — Danish Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme eudp.dk · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-3a8de9d0028ca741
Publisher
Name not classified · eudp.dk
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-14
Dossier created
2026-10-14
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Funder record for case 64014-0555: led by DTU with Copenhagen Municipality, HOFOR, Ørsted, By & Havn, ABB and others; period 2015–2019; budget DKK 128.95m, of which a DKK 76.97m grant (60%).

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
DTU Research Database (Orbit) orbit.dtu.dk · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-47b6598b713abfd3
Publisher
Name not classified · orbit.dtu.dk
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-14
Dossier created
2026-10-14
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

DTU's project record: Nordhavn as a living energy laboratory, start and end 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2019, partner list.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Danfoss — Nordhavn, Denmark's energy lab of the future danfoss.com · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e0ef74f13c12534f
Publisher
Name not classified · danfoss.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2017-11-02
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-14
Dossier created
2026-10-14
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Danfoss case story: Danfoss leads the EnergyLab Nordhavn sub-project on smart components, with ultra-low-temperature district heating substations, remote-controlled radiator thermostats and surplus heat from a supermarket's refrigeration.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
TV2 Kosmopol — Varmeselskab sænker temperaturen i københavnske lejligheder i nyt forsøg tv2kosmopol.dk · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-0eb2d06df76fb3bf
Publisher
Name not classified · tv2kosmopol.dk
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2019-04-11
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-14
Dossier created
2026-10-14
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Regional news, April 2019: HOFOR extends its flexible district-heating trial from Nordhavn to about 3,000 residents on Nørrebro; heat may be turned down in more than 3,300 apartments in the two areas.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
EUDP final report: EnergyLab Nordhavn – Smart Components (26 Mar 2021) eudp.dk · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-d06e8754a8b1d615
Publisher
Name not classified · eudp.dk
Type / language
pdf · language not classified
Published
2021-03-26
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-14
Dossier created
2026-10-14
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Final report of the Danfoss-led sister project (EUDP 64015-0055): floor-heating controls installed in 85 apartments in the Havnekanten building shifted heating entirely out of the peak period with negligible effect on indoor temperatures; residents' thermostat schedules and installation errors undermined the flexibility.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2c-d: short-term heat storage in buildings (18 Jun 2018) energylabnordhavn.com · 6 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-71cd28ff874d5870
Publisher
Name not classified · energylabnordhavn.com
Type / language
pdf · language not classified
Published
2018-06-18
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-14
Dossier created
2026-10-14
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

HOFOR's public deliverable: field measurements in 23 buildings in winter 2017/18 against a reference period; heat supply cut for 3–4 hours in older buildings and up to 7 hours in new heavy buildings within a 1°C comfort limit; complaints in a few buildings.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Leanheat and HOFOR, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D5.2e: automated heat storage (22 May 2019) energylabnordhavn.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-59bd1f949e6884a5
Publisher
Name not classified · energylabnordhavn.com
Type / language
pdf · language not classified
Published
2019-05-22
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-14
Dossier created
2026-10-14
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Public deliverable by Leanheat and HOFOR: software-based peak power optimisation at eight pilot sites in winter 2018/19 reduced daily peak power by 15% on average, temperature-corrected against a 2017 reference period.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Nerve Smart Systems, EnergyLab Nordhavn deliverable D7.2-7.3: car sharing and charging (12 Apr 2019) energylabnordhavn.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-ba3cc021de7482a7
Publisher
Name not classified · energylabnordhavn.com
Type / language
pdf · language not classified
Published
2019-04-12
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-14
Dossier created
2026-10-14
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Public deliverable: eight charging outlets (five AC, three DC) installed and in service in Nordhavn; a battery buffer for the Lüders car park recommended as an upcoming project; CleanCharge's activities taken over by Nerve Smart Systems.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.

Continue exploring

Compare this project

🇫🇮 Salmisaari Seawater Heat Recovery Tunnel · Helsinki This DTU-led testbed piloted low-temperature heating in one district (2015-19); Helsinki's tunnel replaces a coal plant citywide. 🇳🇴 +CityxChange · Trondheim Trondheims +CityxChange (EU H2020 lighthouse): two completed Positive Energy Blocks with a local energy and flexibility market. 🇯🇵 Yokohama Smart City Project (YSCP) · Yokohama Both energy demonstrations ended on schedule; Nordhavn's results are public, Yokohama's sit in 2013 Japanese releases.

The demonstrator ends. What stays?

Four European districts were wired up as time-limited demonstration projects with an agreed finishing date. That is the honest way to run an experiment — and it puts the interesting question at the end rather than the start.

ProjectSinceStatusOutcomeEvidenceRun byCostWhat survived the funding
Smart KalasatamaHelsinki, 🇫🇮 2013 Completed Succeeded Independent City government not public The method outlived the site: the agile-piloting model was carried to other Finnish cities after the district programme closed.
EnergyLab Nordhavn Smart Energy DistrictCopenhagen, 🇩🇰 2015 Completed Succeeded Official Research institution, City government, Utility or public operator not public The practice moved rather than stopped — the utility later extended flexible district heating to another neighbourhood.
GrowSmarterStockholm, 🇸🇪 2015 Completed Succeeded Official City government not public The retrofits stayed: the deep renovation was judged financially sustainable but slow to pay back, and a smaller private cooperative's savings did not cover its costs.
CityVerve IoT Smart City DemonstratorManchester, 🇬🇧 2016 Completed Scaled back Independent City government, Private company, Research institution £10M (Innovate UK/DCMS award) Nothing bound the partners to take the platform further, and the project's own evaluators found very few use cases fully operational in the form first envisaged.

Explore the wider context

🪦 Why smart cities fail📖 District heating📖 Lighthouse project📖 Building performance standard (BPS)
📎 Cite this project

1001 Smart Cities (2026). “EnergyLab Nordhavn Smart Energy District” — Copenhagen, Denmark. The Smart City Atlas. https://1001smartcities.org/projects/copenhagen-energylab-nordhavn/ (last verified 2026-10-14). Data: CC BY 4.0.

The underlying data is free to reuse with attribution — see the open data page.

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