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Baidu's Apollo Go (萝卜快跑) began operating in Wuhan in May 2022
Wuhan was Baidu's robotaxi showcase. On 31 March 2026 Apollo Go cars stalled across the city; service stopped for about four months. What is still unknown.
This overview was generated with AI from the public sources listed below and checked against them before publication. It has not had a complete human fact-check — treat it as a starting point and follow the sources.
62 sourced claims on this page, none individually verified yet — turn on “Sources in the text” to see each one.
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Part of 1001 Smart Cities — 1,216 documented projects · 🏙️ 4 more in Wuhan · 🚗 Autonomous vehicles guide · 🚲 Mobility projects
Baidu's roots in Wuhan go back further than the robotaxi. In 2019, Baidu was among the first companies to obtain a business license for operating autonomous vehicles in Wuhan, in the development zone known as China's Auto City. The robotaxi service itself came later: Apollo Go began operations in Wuhan in May 2022, according to the company.
The step that put Wuhan on the map came three months after that. In August 2022 Baidu secured permits to offer a fully driverless commercial robotaxi service in Chongqing and Wuhan. It started small. In Wuhan the service would run from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. across a 13-square-kilometre area of the Economic and Technological Development Zone, with five Apollo fifth-generation robotaxis in each city. The roads there were new and wide, and part of the zone had roadside V2X equipment, which helps Baidu monitor vehicles remotely and pilot them if necessary.
Baidu presented the launch as a national first, and that is how it is usually retold. The wording deserves care. TechCrunch reported that it would be the first fully driverless ride-hailing service in China, Baidu claimed, and the permits were for two cities at once. Baidu's own release that December said Wuhan became the first city in China to host commercial operation of fully driverless autonomous driving, and in the same release that the services in Chongqing and Wuhan run with no driver or safety operator in the car. The honest version is that Wuhan and Chongqing shared the first, and that the first is Baidu's claim.
The release also shows how fast the zone grew. By late December 2022 Apollo Go covered 130 square kilometres of Wuhan, and driverless hours in Junshan New Town were extended to 7:00 to 23:00 to reach evening travellers.
Size is where the numbers start to come apart. By 2024 Baidu said its robotaxis covered more than 3,000 square kilometres of Wuhan. That is a company figure, and no measurement from outside Baidu was found.
The fleet was counted by someone else. In July 2024, as complaints spread online, Wuhan's transportation bureau said Apollo Go operated 400 robotaxis in the city, not the 1,000 many had claimed. The bureau also said the local taxi industry was relatively stable. Its count is the only official fleet figure for Wuhan that this page could find.
The complaints were about money as much as safety. A 10-kilometre ride in a typical ride-hailing car cost 18 to 30 yuan, an Apollo Go ride as little as 4 to 16 yuan. Local officials put numbers on the competition: ride-hailing drivers in Wuhan averaged 13.2 orders a day, against up to 20 for each robotaxi. Residents complained that the cars caused traffic jams by driving slowly and stopping unexpectedly. When an Apollo Go car hit a pedestrian in July 2024, a Baidu spokesperson called it a mild collision caused by the pedestrian jaywalking, and the debate went national.
The city answered with law rather than a ban. Wuhan's ordinance on intelligent connected vehicles took effect on 1 March 2025, which, according to one transport researcher, makes clear how responsibility is handled among the driver, the safety operator and the vehicle's owner and manager after an accident.
Wuhan police began receiving reports at 8:57 p.m. that Apollo Go vehicles were blocking roads. Social media was flooded with reports of the collective paralysis of Apollo Go vehicles across Wuhan, some of them standing on elevated ring roads where stopping is dangerous for everyone.
The passengers' accounts are the clearest record of what that meant. One man, travelling on the Third Ring Road, was trapped on an elevated highway for close to two hours. He said the in-car SOS button was completely useless and calls from the backseat screen were automatically disconnected. When he reached the official hotline he was told a specialist would be dispatched, and after nearly an hour no one had arrived. In the end the police, along with Apollo Go staff, reached him around 11:00 p.m. and walked him off the highway. Another passenger, stranded for an hour and a half, said she was still charged the full fare.
What caused it has been described three ways. Apollo Go customer service said the driving system abnormality was caused by network issues. Wuhan traffic police said a preliminary investigation showed a system failure. And industry insiders suggested the cars had hit a safety self-check mechanism, the same kind of stop seen when Waymo's driverless cars stalled in San Francisco after a power outage in December 2025. These are not the same explanation, and none of them is an investigation report. As of July 2026 neither Baidu nor the government had disclosed what caused the outage.
Even the scale is uncertain. One report has more than 100 Apollo Go robotaxis stalling at once across Wuhan; another, two months later, says nearly 100 vehicles suddenly ceased operations. Baidu has not given a figure. The atlas uses neither as a count.
The robotaxis left Wuhan's streets the next day. On 1 April Apollo Go's customer service confirmed that commercial service across Wuhan was suspended. In June residents found rows of the cars parked under sunshades, and the app still listed Wuhan as open but showed no free cars.
The national response came in stages. Three ministries, for industry, public security and transport, held a joint meeting in mid-April to order safety rectifications. Then, on 29 April, Bloomberg reported that China had stopped issuing new robotaxi permits, keeping companies from adding cars, starting test projects or entering new cities. The pause was not limited to Baidu: many newly added vehicles across the industry were held back from passenger service.
Permits began to resume after an industry-wide safety review was completed in late June. In Wuhan, residents posted footage of Apollo Go cars back on the roads from early July, some of them still carrying safety drivers. In early August the service could again be hailed in the development zone, Caidian and Hanyang, three districts out of a city that Baidu had once said it covered across thousands of square kilometres.
The company's own figures show what the pause cost. Apollo Go delivered 3.2 million fully driverless rides in the first quarter of 2026, across all its cities. In the second quarter it delivered around 1 million, and Baidu said volume was temporarily affected by operational adjustments in certain domestic cities due to regulatory considerations. The written results for the second quarter, unlike those for the first, gave no ride count.
The outage did more than pause a business. It exposed a design assumption: that a car without a driver can always fall back on someone far away. In Wuhan that fallback was a remote service and a call centre, and the passengers who needed them could reach neither.
The draft rules written in the months that followed address exactly that. Drafting of the mandatory national standard on safety requirements for automated driving systems was completed on 16 June 2026. As reported, it allows remote assistance but says the automated driving system should not rely on remote assistance to complete the dynamic driving task, and that when communications fail the vehicle must rely on its own local system, for example by stopping safely in a minimal-risk state.
That is the transferable point, and it reaches beyond China. A permit tells a city who may drive; it does not say what happens to the passengers when every car stops at once. Wuhan's fleet did stop safely in the narrow sense that no injuries were reported. It did not stop in places where people could get out.
Apollo Go reported 3.2 million fully driverless rides worldwide in the first quarter of 2026 and around 1 million in the second, when Baidu said ride volume was temporarily affected by operational adjustments in certain domestic cities due to regulatory considerations. In Wuhan the robotaxis were off the streets for about four months. The nationwide freeze on new robotaxi permits, imposed on 29 April 2026, ended in July; as of July 2026 neither Baidu nor the government had disclosed what caused the March outage.
A fleet with nobody at the wheel needs a plan for the moment it stops. In Wuhan the cars halted where they were, in-car SOS calls failed, and getting passengers off elevated roads depended on police and staff reaching each car. China's draft national safety standard, completed in June 2026, takes the point: an automated driving system should not rely on remote assistance to perform the driving task.
Two clocks, kept apart: when this entry’s sources were published, and what has happened to its record in the atlas. Documented span: since 2022. 16 of 16 sources carry a publication date, from 7 August 2022 to 18 August 2026.
Almost every figure about Apollo Go in Wuhan comes from Baidu: the start date, the service area, the ride counts and the claim to have been first. The one official fleet count, 400 cars in July 2024, came from the city's transportation bureau through the press and has not been updated in any source found. The account of 31 March rests on police statements as relayed by the press, and on what passengers told reporters.
Three questions stay open. The cause of the outage has not been published by Baidu or by any authority. The number of cars that stopped is reported as more than 100 in one account and nearly 100 in another. And no source found says whether the service that returned in August 2026 runs with nobody aboard, as it did before the outage, or with safety drivers, as some of the cars seen in July did.
Evidence file · public beta 74 addressable claims, 16 source dossiers, one permanent baseline. 62 of them are marked in the text above; the other 12 belong to a passage this page does not print, so they can be read here but not clicked in the article. The file is unreviewed — an AI-assisted structural migration, not a human or expert endorsement. Every revision keeps a permanent copy under revision history.
The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.
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Baidu's Apollo Go (萝卜快跑) began operating in Wuhan in May 2022
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in August 2022 won permits for fully driverless commercial rides there and in Chongqing
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which Baidu called the first such service in China
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By the company's own account the service later covered more than 3,000 square kilometres of the city
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in July 2024 Wuhan's transportation bureau put the fleet at 400 robotaxis, not the 1,000 claimed online
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as fares of 4 to 16 yuan for a 10-kilometre ride fed a backlash from drivers
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On the night of 31 March 2026 Apollo Go cars stalled on roads across the city
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leaving some passengers on elevated highways for close to two hours
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a preliminary police investigation pointed to a system failure
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Commercial service across Wuhan was suspended from 1 April
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China stopped issuing new robotaxi permits nationwide
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in August 2026 the service was reported back in three districts
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Apollo Go reported 3.2 million fully driverless rides worldwide in the first quarter of 2026
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around 1 million in the second
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Baidu said ride volume was temporarily affected by operational adjustments in certain domestic cities due to regulatory considerations
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In Wuhan the robotaxis were off the streets for about four months
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The nationwide freeze on new robotaxi permits, imposed on 29 April 2026, ended in July
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as of July 2026 neither Baidu nor the government had disclosed what caused the March outage
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in-car SOS calls failed
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getting passengers off elevated roads depended on police and staff reaching each car
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China's draft national safety standard, completed in June 2026
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an automated driving system should not rely on remote assistance to perform the driving task
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In 2019, Baidu was among the first companies to obtain a business license for operating autonomous vehicles in Wuhan
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known as China's Auto City
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Apollo Go began operations in Wuhan in May 2022
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In August 2022 Baidu secured permits to offer a fully driverless commercial robotaxi service in Chongqing and Wuhan
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In Wuhan the service would run from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. across a 13-square-kilometre area
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five Apollo fifth-generation robotaxis in each city
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helps Baidu monitor vehicles remotely and pilot them if necessary
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it would be the first fully driverless ride-hailing service in China, Baidu claimed
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Wuhan became the first city in China to host commercial operation of fully driverless autonomous driving
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the services in Chongqing and Wuhan run with no driver or safety operator in the car
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Apollo Go covered 130 square kilometres of Wuhan
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driverless hours in Junshan New Town were extended to 7:00 to 23:00
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Baidu said its robotaxis covered more than 3,000 square kilometres of Wuhan
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Wuhan's transportation bureau said Apollo Go operated 400 robotaxis in the city, not the 1,000 many had claimed
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The bureau also said the local taxi industry was relatively stable
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A 10-kilometre ride in a typical ride-hailing car cost 18 to 30 yuan, an Apollo Go ride as little as 4 to 16 yuan
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ride-hailing drivers in Wuhan averaged 13.2 orders a day, against up to 20 for each robotaxi
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Residents complained that the cars caused traffic jams by driving slowly and stopping unexpectedly
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a Baidu spokesperson called it a mild collision caused by the pedestrian jaywalking
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Wuhan's ordinance on intelligent connected vehicles took effect on 1 March 2025
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makes clear how responsibility is handled among the driver, the safety operator and the vehicle's owner and manager after an accident
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Wuhan police began receiving reports at 8:57 p.m. that Apollo Go vehicles were blocking roads
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Social media was flooded with reports of the collective paralysis of Apollo Go vehicles across Wuhan
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was trapped on an elevated highway for close to two hours
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the in-car SOS button was completely useless and calls from the backseat screen were automatically disconnected
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When he reached the official hotline he was told a specialist would be dispatched, and after nearly an hour no one had arrived
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the police, along with Apollo Go staff, reached him around 11:00 p.m.
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she was still charged the full fare
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Apollo Go customer service said the driving system abnormality was caused by network issues
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Wuhan traffic police said a preliminary investigation showed a system failure
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industry insiders suggested the cars had hit a safety self-check mechanism
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Waymo's driverless cars stalled in San Francisco after a power outage in December 2025
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As of July 2026 neither Baidu nor the government had disclosed what caused the outage
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more than 100 Apollo Go robotaxis stalling at once across Wuhan
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nearly 100 vehicles suddenly ceased operations
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On 1 April Apollo Go's customer service confirmed that commercial service across Wuhan was suspended
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rows of the cars parked under sunshades
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the app still listed Wuhan as open but showed no free cars
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Three ministries, for industry, public security and transport, held a joint meeting in mid-April to order safety rectifications
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China had stopped issuing new robotaxi permits, keeping companies from adding cars, starting test projects or entering new cities
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many newly added vehicles across the industry were held back from passenger service
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Permits began to resume after an industry-wide safety review was completed in late June
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residents posted footage of Apollo Go cars back on the roads from early July, some of them still carrying safety drivers
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the service could again be hailed in the development zone, Caidian and Hanyang
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Apollo Go delivered 3.2 million fully driverless rides in the first quarter of 2026
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In the second quarter it delivered around 1 million
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volume was temporarily affected by operational adjustments in certain domestic cities due to regulatory considerations
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The written results for the second quarter, unlike those for the first, gave no ride count
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Drafting of the mandatory national standard on safety requirements for automated driving systems was completed on 16 June 2026
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the automated driving system should not rely on remote assistance to complete the dynamic driving task
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the vehicle must rely on its own local system, for example by stopping safely in a minimal-risk state
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no injuries were reported
This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.
Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.
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src-46b38d4d1c4170b6Reports Baidu's permits for fully driverless commercial service in Wuhan and Chongqing; Wuhan to start with five cars over 13 km² of the development zone, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Attributes the 'first in China' claim to Baidu.
src-170eb530a208f48cBaidu's own release: Apollo Go began operating in Wuhan in May 2022, now covers 130 km² there, and runs driverless in Chongqing and Wuhan with no driver or safety operator aboard. Operator claims.
src-a00453ae362a4e18July 2024 report on the backlash in Wuhan: the transportation bureau's count of 400 robotaxis, Baidu's claim of more than 3,000 km², fares of 4 to 16 yuan against 18 to 30 yuan for a ride-hailing car over 10 km, and a collision with a pedestrian.
src-e69ab306214dad7dCiting Bloomberg, reports that China stopped issuing new robotaxi permits after Apollo Go cars stalled in Wuhan on 31 March, and that Baidu's Wuhan operations were suspended during the investigation. Gives no count of stalled cars.
src-95bc4f7e82b0b0f6Citing Bloomberg, reports permits resuming after an industry-wide safety review completed in late June, hundreds of Wuhan robotaxis pulled during the review, and cars seen back on the streets from early July, some with safety drivers.
src-b4afee71e6b438a1Citing Bloomberg: more than 100 Apollo Go robotaxis stalled across Wuhan on 31 March; passengers stranded up to two hours as in-car SOS failed; freeze on new permits from 29 April until July; no cause disclosed.
src-15c56fdd2af389c4Reports the Wuhan traffic police statement that a preliminary investigation found a system failure, emergency calls from about 9 p.m., no injuries, and customer service blaming network issues.
src-7542110fe8b462f6Passengers' accounts, via DuTe News: one stranded on the elevated Third Ring Road for close to two hours, an SOS button that did not work, a hotline that sent no one, a full fare charged.
src-eea0c9794018b079Wuhan police received the first reports at 8:57 p.m.; a police briefing said no one was injured and blamed a suspected system failure. Paywalled after the opening paragraphs.
src-1a78394518e087e0Puts the stalled fleet at nearly 100 vehicles; reports a joint meeting of three ministries in mid-April ordering safety rectifications and new vehicles held back from passenger service.
src-3932a00ffe9edbbeReports Apollo Go back in service in Wuhan's development zone, Caidian and Hanyang after about four months, and that customer service confirmed a citywide suspension on 1 April.
src-dc259900a8a36cc0Reports Apollo Go cars parked under covers in Wuhan two months after the outage, and summarises the draft national standard completed on 16 June: automated driving systems should not rely on remote assistance.
src-166906d60f5225dfBaidu's first-quarter 2026 results: 3.2 million fully driverless rides, weekly peak over 350,000 in March. Operator figures.
src-8716be3e2062c238Baidu's second-quarter 2026 results: the robotaxi section lists expansion in London, Dubai, Hong Kong and Switzerland and 28 cities, but gives no ride count.
src-9885eb319d2ae4faTranscript of Baidu's earnings call: around 1 million fully driverless rides in the second quarter, volume affected by operational adjustments in certain domestic cities for regulatory reasons, operations resuming from August.
src-a35a6c363ff9191aReports that Wuhan's ordinance on intelligent connected vehicles was published and takes effect on 1 March 2025, and how a researcher reads its liability rules.
1001 Smart Cities (2026). “Apollo Go Robotaxi Network” — Wuhan, China. The Smart City Atlas. https://1001smartcities.org/projects/wuhan-apollo-go-robotaxi/ (last verified 2026-10-04). Data: CC BY 4.0.
The underlying data is free to reuse with attribution — see the open data page.