1001 Smart Cities
🇧🇩 Dhaka

CASE Traffic Signal Automation

🤖 AI-generated summary · ◆ 13 sourced claims · 🔎 Last verified

This overview was generated with AI from the public sources listed below and checked against them before publication. It has not had a complete human fact-check — treat it as a starting point and follow the sources.

13 sourced claims on this page, none individually verified yet — turn on “Sources in the text” to see each one.

How this atlas is made · What “last verified” means · What “source-checked” means · The full record behind this page

✎ Reclassified 13 Oct 2026 Status changed: cancelled → completed. What changed →

World Bank money put new automated signals at 29 Dhaka intersections and some Tk112 crore into lights and junctions. They went largely unused: police kept directing traffic by hand.

Outcome🪦 Failed
Evidence📰 Media
what does this mean?The strongest source is press reporting; no primary evaluation was located. It grades who did the looking — not how well the project went. All four grades →
Run byDhaka North and South City Corporations (installation) and Dhaka Metropolitan Police (operation)
Scale🏙️ City-wide
Cost≈Tk112 crore (signals and intersection works, 2010–2018)
FundingWorld Bank IDA credit (CASE project: US$62.2M plus US$35M additional financing, across all components)

Part of 1001 Smart Cities — 1,216 documented projects · 🏙️ 9 more in Dhaka · 🚦 Traffic management guide · 🚲 Mobility projects

Dhaka's World Bank-funded CASE project put new automated signals at 29 intersections and repaired others — some Tk112 crore went into lights and intersection works between 2010 and 2018 — but the systems went largely unused as police kept directing traffic by hand. A successor semi-automatic system — funded by the two city corporations and engineered by BUET — went live at seven intersections on 30 August 2025.

Completed 📅 2012–2019

📊 Impact

The automated signals at 29 intersections went largely unused, with police continuing to direct traffic by hand. The World Bank's completion report of September 2019 had recorded the 29 intersections as installed and operational, and a 9.5 percent increase in vehicular traffic through selected signalised intersections. A Daily Star reporter who visited at least 30 intersections found the lights working at only six (January 2020). In February 2025 The Business Standard reported that, except at the Gulshan-2 intersection, the CASE signals were not operational anywhere, citing a government impact evaluation (IMED, 2022-23) that called the money spent a complete waste. By March 2026 the city-funded successor ran at seven intersections, with 15 more still uninstalled; in August 2026 Dhaka South City Corporation began trialling a fully automated, BUET-built system at Shahbagh.

🎓 Lesson

Hardware alone doesn't fix traffic: without operator training, maintenance budgets, and integration with existing police practice, automated signals fall out of use and traffic reverts to manual control. The World Bank counted the signals as delivered; reporters found them dark or ignored. A delivered output is not a working system.

🚲 MobilityTraffic management

Sources

↗ World Bank — CASE Project completion report (authority)Published 26 September 2019The World Bank's Implementation Completion and Results Report on the Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) project: a US$62.2 million IDA credit plus US$35 million additional financing, closed 31 March 2019. It records new traffic signals at 29 intersections and 91 intersections with operational signals, reports a 9.5 percent increase in vehicular traffic at selected signalised intersections, and describes the slow handover of the signals to Dhaka Metropolitan Police (29 intersections by 31 August 2019).
↗ The Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press)Published 12 January 2020Reports that Tk 112 crore of World Bank funding was spent between 2010 and 2018 under CASE on repairing and installing 100 traffic lights and other intersection infrastructure, that the lights were handed to Dhaka Metropolitan Police, which lacked monitoring and maintenance capacity, and that the reporter found lights working at only six of at least 30 intersections visited.
↗ The Daily Star (press)Published 15 January 2022Overview of Dhaka's signal projects since 2001: Tk 119 crore spent over 15 years; solar panels and countdown timers added at 70 crossings in 2011–2013 under a World Bank-funded project whose trial run failed, after which traffic police returned to manual control.
↗ New Age (press)Reports that the city corporations installed solar panels and countdown timers at 70 crossings and 29 new signals under the CASE project in 2012–13, that a 2014 decision to hand signal operation to Dhaka Metropolitan Police went unimplemented for years, and that police control traffic by hand.
↗ The Business Standard (press)Published 3 February 2025 · updated 11 February 2025Says CASE ran from 2009 to 2019 under the Department of Environment, the city corporations and DTCA, and installed 100 automatic traffic signal systems for about Tk100 crore; except at Gulshan-2, none is operational. Cites the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division's impact evaluation report (2022-23), which found the automatic system ineffective and the money a complete waste.
Show 3 more sourcesShow fewer
↗ The Business Standard — Semi-automatic traffic signals to be launched at 7 Dhaka intersections tomorrowPublished 29 August 2025DTCA press note: a semi-automatic signal system launches at seven named intersections on 30 August 2025 as a pilot within a 22-intersection High Court–Airport scheme, financed by the two city corporations with technical support from BUET.
↗ The Daily Star — Pilot project shows promise, but delays stall wider rolloutPublished 14 March 2026Seven months after the 30 August 2025 inauguration, traffic flows better at the seven equipped intersections but drivers still run reds; signals at the other 15 pilot intersections were not yet installed because of procurement and administrative delays (BUET's Prof Moazzem Hossain).
↗ The Daily Star — Automated traffic signal system debuts at Dhaka's ShahbaghPublished 13 August 2026Dhaka South City Corporation launches a fully automated signal system on a trial basis at Shahbagh with BUET technical support; the pilot is to cover 20 key intersections initially, with 50 more planned.

📅 How old is the evidence?

Two clocks, kept apart: when this entry’s sources were published, and what has happened to its record in the atlas. Documented span: 2012–2019. 7 of 8 sources carry a publication date, from 26 September 2019 to 13 August 2026.

When the sources were published

  1. World Bank · international organisationWorld Bank — CASE Project completion report (authority)
  2. The Daily Star · pressThe Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press)
  3. The Daily Star · pressThe Daily Star (press)
  4. The Business Standard · pressThe Business Standard (press) · updated 11 February 2025
  5. The Business Standard · pressThe Business Standard — Semi-automatic traffic signals to be launched at 7 Dhaka intersections tomorrow
  6. The Daily Star · pressThe Daily Star — Pilot project shows promise, but delays stall wider rollout
  7. The Daily Star · pressThe Daily Star — Automated traffic signal system debuts at Dhaka's Shahbagh

Every source, with links ↑

What happened to this record

  1. Entered the record
  2. Sources last read
  3. Status changed: cancelled → completed

Every revision, permanent →

Show your work What this page rests on and what it can’t tell you · all 13 claims with their sources · the forensic record

Evidence file · public beta 13 addressable claims, 8 source dossiers, one permanent baseline. The file is unreviewed — an AI-assisted structural migration, not a human or expert endorsement. Every revision keeps a permanent copy under revision history.

Inspect the claims, one by one — verbatim text, sources and caveats for all 13

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-265463207cb2084e descriptive
World Bank-funded CASE project
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The World Bank's completion report covers the Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) project, financed by an IDA credit; The Business Standard names CASE as the project behind the automatic signals.
Caveat
The World Bank money was a concessional credit to the government, not a grant.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. World Bank — CASE Project completion report (authority)
  2. The Business Standard (press)
Claim 2 clm-a820434a34f0e696 quantitative
put new automated signals at 29 intersections and repaired others
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The World Bank report counts "new traffic signals installed at 29 intersections" and 91 intersections with operational signals "including newly installed and existing fixed". New Age reports 29 new signals installed under CASE alongside timers and solar panels at 70 crossings.
Caveat
The Business Standard gives a different count — 100 automatic signal systems — so counts vary by what each source includes.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. World Bank — CASE Project completion report (authority)
  2. New Age (press)
Claim 3 clm-e2da0a91ec4908d7 quantitative
some Tk112 crore went into lights and intersection works between 2010 and 2018
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Daily Star: "Tk 112 crore funded by the WB were spent between 2010 and 2018 for repairing and installing 100 traffic lights and other intersection infrastructure."
Caveat
The Business Standard puts the cost of the CASE signals at about Tk100 crore; the figure covers more than the 29 new signals.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press)
Claim 4 clm-1001043503b8619c descriptive
but the systems went largely unused as police kept directing traffic by hand
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Daily Star (2020) found the World Bank-funded lights "serve only decorative purposes" because traffic is controlled by police hand gestures; the 2022 article reports that the trial run failed and traffic police returned to manual control; The Business Standard (2025) says that except at Gulshan-2 the automatic signals are not operational anywhere.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press)
  2. The Daily Star (press)
  3. The Business Standard (press)
Claim 5 clm-16fe619832091ca2 quantitative
A successor semi-automatic system — funded by the two city corporations and engineered by BUET — went live at seven intersections on 30 August 2025.
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Business Standard reports the DTCA announcement that the semi-automatic system launches at seven intersections on 30 August, "financed by the Dhaka North and South city corporations, with technical support from Buet". The Daily Star (March 2026) confirms the inauguration at seven intersections on 30 August 2025.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Business Standard — Semi-automatic traffic signals to be launched at 7 Dhaka intersections tomorrow
  2. The Daily Star — Pilot project shows promise, but delays stall wider rollout
Claim 6 clm-1774ebaaa8729b15 quantitative
The automated signals at 29 intersections went largely unused, with police continuing to direct traffic by hand.
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Daily Star (2020) describes police hand gestures overriding the World Bank-funded lights; The Business Standard (2025) says the CASE signals are not operational except at Gulshan-2; New Age reports that police handle the signals by hand.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press)
  2. The Business Standard (press)
  3. New Age (press)
Claim 7 clm-cb880c3fe42fe318 quantitative
The World Bank's completion report of September 2019 had recorded the 29 intersections as installed and operational, and a 9.5 percent increase in vehicular traffic through selected signalised intersections.
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report's results table lists "Intersections with new traffic signals installed and operational" as 29 against a revised target of 29, and states that vehicular traffic at selected intersections with operational signals "exceeded the target of 8 percent to reach 9.5 percent by end of project".
Caveat
This is the funder's own completion reporting, written at project close; the same report notes that the signals' performance had not stabilised and that the police were still taking them over.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. World Bank — CASE Project completion report (authority)
Claim 8 clm-0927259ca5707cb3 quantitative
A Daily Star reporter who visited at least 30 intersections found the lights working at only six (January 2020).
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Daily Star: "Visiting at least 30 intersections in the capital recently, this correspondent found that the lights were working only at six."
Caveat
A reporter's site visits, not a systematic survey.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press)
Claim 9 clm-5dea86a9a1910080 quantitative
In February 2025 The Business Standard reported that, except at the Gulshan-2 intersection, the CASE signals were not operational anywhere, citing a government impact evaluation (IMED, 2022-23) that called the money spent a complete waste.
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Business Standard: "Except for the Gulshan-2 intersection, these automatic signal systems are not operational anywhere else", and "The money spent on this has been a complete waste according to the IMED report", referring to the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division's Impact Evaluation Report (2022-23).
Caveat
The IMED evaluation is known here only through the newspaper's account.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Business Standard (press)
Claim 10 clm-11c0c2fd29b3db8d quantitative
By March 2026 the city-funded successor ran at seven intersections, with 15 more still uninstalled
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Daily Star (14 March 2026): BUET's Prof Moazzem Hossain says authorities "have failed to install signals at 15 additional intersections under the pilot project in the seven months since its inauguration" on 30 August 2025 at seven intersections.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Daily Star — Pilot project shows promise, but delays stall wider rollout
Claim 11 clm-b5eb8a113f7de2c4 quantitative
in August 2026 Dhaka South City Corporation began trialling a fully automated, BUET-built system at Shahbagh
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Daily Star (13 August 2026): "An automated traffic signal system has been launched on a trial basis at Shahbagh intersection in Dhaka", inaugurated by the DSCC administrator "with technical assistance from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (Buet)".
Caveat
A launch-day report; no results from the trial have been published.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Daily Star — Automated traffic signal system debuts at Dhaka's Shahbagh
Claim 12 clm-5d90e2597a345114 descriptive
without operator training, maintenance budgets, and integration with existing police practice, automated signals fall out of use and traffic reverts to manual control
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The World Bank report says Dhaka Metropolitan Police "required a significant amount of capacity building" to manage the signals and that a fragmented mandate between city and police persisted throughout; The Daily Star (2020) quotes officials that the police lacked monitoring and maintenance capacity and a traffic inspector explaining why the automatic timings were overridden; the 2022 article reports police reverting to manual control.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. World Bank — CASE Project completion report (authority)
  2. The Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press)
  3. The Daily Star (press)
Claim 13 clm-322ba08ac287c886 descriptive
The World Bank counted the signals as delivered; reporters found them dark or ignored.
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The World Bank's results table records the 29 new signal intersections as achieved and "Target achieved"; The Daily Star found lights working at only six of at least 30 intersections and the rest overridden by police.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. World Bank — CASE Project completion report (authority)
  2. The Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press)
Forensic record — source dossiers, gaps, hashes and the exact revision this page renders

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-10-13-editorial-decisions effective 2026-10-11 · created 2026-10-13

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:dd1f762942095dd3b51184799e68917d2e419d03ae2e9b5667c292f0619c0944
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
13
of 13 claims mapped
8
source dossiers
7
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Dhaka North and South City Corporations (installation) and Dhaka Metropolitan Police (operation)
Actor types
city-government, national-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
World Bank IDA credit (CASE project: US$62.2M plus US$35M additional financing, across all components)
Cost
≈Tk112 crore (signals and intersection works, 2010–2018)
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

8 source dossiers

World Bank — CASE Project completion report (authority) documents1.worldbank.org · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-3a4b58ff50a691f6
Publisher
Name not classified · documents1.worldbank.org
Type / language
pdf · language not classified
Published
2019-09-26
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The World Bank's Implementation Completion and Results Report on the Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) project: a US$62.2 million IDA credit plus US$35 million additional financing, closed 31 March 2019. It records new traffic signals at 29 intersections and 91 intersections with operational signals, reports a 9.5 percent increase in vehicular traffic at selected signalised intersections, and describes the slow handover of the signals to Dhaka Metropolitan Police (29 intersections by 31 August 2019).

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Daily Star — Unutilised Traffic Lights: Money wasted, streets made dangerous (press) thedailystar.net · 6 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-4b97d055cde34b9e
Publisher
Name not classified · thedailystar.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2020-01-12
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Reports that Tk 112 crore of World Bank funding was spent between 2010 and 2018 under CASE on repairing and installing 100 traffic lights and other intersection infrastructure, that the lights were handed to Dhaka Metropolitan Police, which lacked monitoring and maintenance capacity, and that the reporter found lights working at only six of at least 30 intersections visited.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Daily Star (press) thedailystar.net · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-7cfcb72766bad65d
Publisher
Name not classified · thedailystar.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2022-01-15
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Overview of Dhaka's signal projects since 2001: Tk 119 crore spent over 15 years; solar panels and countdown timers added at 70 crossings in 2011–2013 under a World Bank-funded project whose trial run failed, after which traffic police returned to manual control.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
New Age (press) newagebd.net · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-fa1d7f143c25d3c1
Publisher
Name not classified · newagebd.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Reports that the city corporations installed solar panels and countdown timers at 70 crossings and 29 new signals under the CASE project in 2012–13, that a 2014 decision to hand signal operation to Dhaka Metropolitan Police went unimplemented for years, and that police control traffic by hand.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Business Standard (press) tbsnews.net · 4 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-9a4e384af5b3533a
Publisher
Name not classified · tbsnews.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-02-03
Updated
2025-02-11
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Says CASE ran from 2009 to 2019 under the Department of Environment, the city corporations and DTCA, and installed 100 automatic traffic signal systems for about Tk100 crore; except at Gulshan-2, none is operational. Cites the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division's impact evaluation report (2022-23), which found the automatic system ineffective and the money a complete waste.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Business Standard — Semi-automatic traffic signals to be launched at 7 Dhaka intersections tomorrow tbsnews.net · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-601c9c310c9b7d5a
Publisher
Name not classified · tbsnews.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-08-29
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

DTCA press note: a semi-automatic signal system launches at seven named intersections on 30 August 2025 as a pilot within a 22-intersection High Court–Airport scheme, financed by the two city corporations with technical support from BUET.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Daily Star — Pilot project shows promise, but delays stall wider rollout thedailystar.net · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-9f838f6628a8f2b3
Publisher
Name not classified · thedailystar.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-03-14
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Seven months after the 30 August 2025 inauguration, traffic flows better at the seven equipped intersections but drivers still run reds; signals at the other 15 pilot intersections were not yet installed because of procurement and administrative delays (BUET's Prof Moazzem Hossain).

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Daily Star — Automated traffic signal system debuts at Dhaka's Shahbagh thedailystar.net · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-907a3335f4853c28
Publisher
Name not classified · thedailystar.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-08-13
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Dhaka South City Corporation launches a fully automated signal system on a trial basis at Shahbagh with BUET technical support; the pilot is to cover 20 key intersections initially, with 50 more planned.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.

Continue exploring

Compare this project

🇨🇳 City Brain · Hangzhou Hangzhou's AI retimed a megacity's signals from 2016; Dhaka's automated lights went unused, traffic reverting to manual police control. 🇺🇸 Surtrac AI Traffic Signals · Pittsburgh Pittsburgh's AI signals scaled from 2012 and still run; Dhaka's automated lights sat unused, traffic reverting to manual police control. 🇩🇿 Algiers Intelligent Traffic Management · Algiers Same install-but-never-operate story in Algiers, where a security veto on the cameras — not police habit — kept the smart signals off.

Explore the wider context

🚦 Asphalt or algorithms📖 Adaptive traffic signals📖 ANPR (automatic number-plate recognition)📖 Automated speed enforcement (speed cameras)
📎 Cite this project

1001 Smart Cities (2026). “CASE Traffic Signal Automation” — Dhaka, Bangladesh. The Smart City Atlas. https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dhaka-traffic-control/ (last verified 2026-10-11). Data: CC BY 4.0.

The underlying data is free to reuse with attribution — see the open data page.

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