1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Harbin Daoli Automated District Heating Network

Revision 2026-08-22-evidence-baseline · effective 2026-08-02

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 3 source dossiers.

sha256:59a999c1ee87cf8f905c387b61fd4b7f531aa00c2d0967b5bd31b649e7592ee9
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
10
of 10 claims mapped
3
source dossiers
1
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-1017076a8b123b86 descriptive
one of China's largest automated district-heating retrofits
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
DESMI's case study makes a stronger claim than the entry does: "When the installations were completed in 2007 the project was the largest district heating project to date in China." The same page describes the automation that was installed — 378 frequency converters, "2000 instruments that are used to supervise and control the network and substations, as well as a SCADA system with more than 10,000 signals", and 42 rebuilt turnkey substations tied into that SCADA system.
Caveat
The ranking is the claim of a company that supplied equipment to the project, made on its own customer-story page, and no independent survey of Chinese district-heating schemes is cited. The source ranks it among district-heating projects generally, not among automated retrofits specifically.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry)
Claim 2 clm-3a148433d2715a25 quantitative
when ABB completed it in 2007
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Climate Action dates the handover to the month: "In January 2007, ABB finished building a large district heating system in the city of Harbin, Heilongjiang province". DESMI gives the same year — "When the installations were completed in 2007" — and describes ABB's role as general contractor: "ABB provided the turnkey supply, which included energy efficient pump solutions from DESMI", with DESMI and APV A/S Kolding as suppliers.
Caveat
Completion here means the installation was finished, not that every household was connected. Climate Action writes of a later milestone, "By 2010, when all residents will be hooked up to the new system".

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry)
  2. Climate Action — ABB in China (press)
Claim 3 clm-3c176865a627b099 quantitative
156 self-operating heat-exchange stations replaced coal boiler rooms
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
DESMI: "Water from the pre-insulated underground pipes was transferred to 156 self-operating heating exchanger units instead of the traditional boiler room and then directly fed into residential radiator installation", and in its summary list, "156 sets of automatic controlled heat exchanging stations". Climate Action puts a number on what went away: ABB's solution "replaced more than 500 boiler houses and 852 sets of small, inefficient coal-fired boilers with a new central combined heat and power (CHP) plant and a new district heating network".
Caveat
The two sources count different things — 156 is the number of new heat-exchange stations, while the boiler houses they replaced numbered more than 500. Neither source describes what the stations control automatically beyond feeding the residential radiator circuits.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry)
  2. Climate Action — ABB in China (press)
Claim 4 clm-67687498722bcd50 quantitative
across 17.6 million square metres
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
DESMI gives the heated floor area twice: the stations feed the radiator circuits "covering an area of 17.58 million square meters", and its summary reads "Heat supply 17.58 million m2 for 1 million residents". The entry rounds 17.58 to 17.6.
Caveat
This is the floor area of the Daoli district scheme, one of Harbin's seven districts — not a figure for the city. The same government source used elsewhere in this entry puts one heating company alone at 154 million square metres citywide.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry)
Claim 5 clm-a50ec7a13bf9339f quantitative
serving about a million residents
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
DESMI: "Heat supply 17.58 million m2 for 1 million residents through 156 sets of automatic controlled heat exchanging stations." Climate Action approaches the same number from the population side: "Daoli is one of seven districts in the city of Harbin, and home to about one million people", and says the project helped "1 million residents switch from inefficient coal-fired boilers to a central combined heat and power plant".
Caveat
Climate Action's million is the district's population rather than a count of connected households, and the same page says all residents were only expected to be connected by 2010.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry)
  2. Climate Action — ABB in China (press)
Claim 6 clm-6f2971310cd5527a descriptive
smart-heating command platform
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The October 2024 heating-season article describes a 智慧供热平台 (smart heating platform) run from a 供热生产指挥中心 (heating-production command centre) that watches "101台锅炉、1557座换热站、3277台换热机组" — 101 boilers, 1,557 heat-exchange stations and 3,277 heat-exchange units — around the clock, alongside thermometers installed in 30,000 homes.
Caveat
The article attributes the platform to Harbin Investment Group, the city's largest state-owned heating company, and says it monitors that company's own service area. The same article describes the group as carrying close to half of Harbin's heating load and names several other heating companies that run their own operations, so the platform is one enterprise's, not a single system covering the city. It is also a different company from the one that produces the heat for the Daoli network described in the first half of this entry.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Harbin Municipal Government (authority)
Claim 7 clm-c1c25460a4c003fe descriptive
automatically alerts operators to equipment or pipeline faults
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The article states that "一旦发生锅炉设备故障、管网失水失压" — as soon as a boiler fault occurs or the pipe network loses water or pressure — the system raises an alarm immediately and the command centre issues repair instructions to the heating company without delay.
Caveat
The alarm and the instruction are described; the source gives no figures for how many faults were caught this way, how quickly they were repaired, or how the platform performed against the years before it existed.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Harbin Municipal Government (authority)
Claim 8 clm-16b0a78405864254 quantitative
≈300,000 tonnes of coal
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
DESMI states the figure twice on the page, once as a headline above the story and once in the results list: "Coal saving 300,000 tonnes per year."
Caveat
The figure appears as a bare line in a supplier's results list, with no baseline year, no method and no indication whether it was measured after the system ran or calculated in advance. No other listed source repeats it.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry)
Claim 9 clm-89b99d77b64362e3 quantitative
500,000-550,000 tonnes of CO2 saved per year at the Daoli system's 2007 completion
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
DESMI's results list reads "CO2 emissions decreased 500,000-550,000 tonnes per year", on a page whose subject is the scheme completed in 2007. Climate Action, reprinting the ABB business case, contradicts the timing rather than the number: it presents a saving of that order as a future expectation tied to full connection, "By 2010, when all residents will be hooked up to the new system, CO2 emissions will be reduced by some 500,000 tons annually". On that account the saving belongs to 2010 and to a fully connected network, not to the 2007 completion, and the upper bound of 550,000 tonnes appears in neither the ABB account nor anywhere else.
Caveat
Neither source presents this as a measured result. The lower figure is described elsewhere as an expectation for 2010 once every resident was connected, and no source names the emissions baseline it is measured against.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry)
Claim 10 clm-74818fef11727e66 descriptive
(ABB-reported)
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Climate Action's article is an ABB business case — it opens "The business case: Energy-efficient technologies are ABB's business" and credits "Source: WBCSD website" — and it is there that the CO2 figure of some 500,000 tons a year appears. DESMI describes the same project as one where "ABB provided the turnkey supply", with DESMI as the pump supplier.
Caveat
The attribution fits the carbon figure only in part. The coal saving and the upper bound of 550,000 tonnes appear on the page of DESMI, a pump supplier on the project, and neither source states that ABB produced or stands behind those two numbers.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry)
  2. Climate Action — ABB in China (press)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-22-evidence-baseline effective 2026-08-02 · created 2026-08-22

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:59a999c1ee87cf8f905c387b61fd4b7f531aa00c2d0967b5bd31b649e7592ee9
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
10
of 10 claims mapped
3
source dossiers
1
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Not recorded
Actor types
utility, city-government
Funding model
Not recorded
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

3 source dossiers

Harbin Municipal Government (authority) harbin.gov.cn · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-73072256e9e9bf03
Publisher
Name not classified · harbin.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-02
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Oct 2024 heating-season article confirming the citywide smart-heating command platform (101 boilers, 1,557 heat-exchange stations, 3,277 heat-exchange units) with automatic fault alarms.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
DESMI — Harbin Daoli district heating case study (industry) desmi.com · 8 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-bfdf38b1a49d0ec2
Publisher
Name not classified · desmi.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-02
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

156 automated heat-exchange stations, 17.58 million m², ~1 million residents, completed 2007 by general contractor ABB.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Climate Action — ABB in China (press) climateaction.org · 4 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-301d02438f91c1e1
Publisher
Name not classified · climateaction.org
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2008-07-07
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-02
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Independent press corroboration of the 2007 completion, Daoli district scope, and CO2 savings figure.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.