Skip to content

Permanent project revision

TransMilenio: Bogotá's BRT Trunk Network & Its Late Control Layer

Revision 2026-08-20-source-dates · effective 2026-07-26

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 1 claim and 15 source dossiers.

sha256:56cb1a938bbd8b657477a68fcdec8cc6cde91b2de7faef032ed6930cba0a51e4

All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.

1: of 1 claims mapped
15: source dossiers
7: publication dates recorded
1: archives linked
0: exact locators
0: content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-bdde448d5e216f47 quantitative

A peer-reviewed measurement put throughput on the busiest trunk section at about 43,000 passengers per hour per direction, with a practical ceiling near 48,000 at 150 passengers per bus

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: No support note recorded
Caveat: No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

Hidalgo, Lleras & Hernández — capacity measurement (Research in Transportation Economics, 2013, peer-reviewed)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-20-source-dates effective 2026-07-26 · created 2026-08-20

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:56cb1a938bbd8b657477a68fcdec8cc6cde91b2de7faef032ed6930cba0a51e4

Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →

1: of 1 claims mapped
15: source dossiers
7: publication dates recorded
1: archives linked
0: exact locators
0: content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator: TransMilenio S.A. (Bogotá district company), with private bus and fare-collection concessionaires
Actor types: utility, private
Funding model: ppp
Funding description: Fares plus a district subsidy — TransMilenio's general manager says the District covers about half the fare, set at COP 3,550 for 2026; infrastructure is publicly built, while buses and fare collection are run by private concessionaires.
Cost: Not recorded
Ownership: Not recorded
Decision rights: Not recorded
Exit conditions: Not recorded

15 source dossiers

Hidalgo, Lleras & Hernández — capacity measurement (Research in Transportation Economics, 2013, peer-reviewed) ideas.repec.org · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-dedf596ab6b98a2e
Publisher: Name not classified · ideas.repec.org
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: Open archived copy ↗ · 2015-09-14
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Vol. 39(1):139-142. Abstract states 'actual throughput of 43,000 passengers hourly per direction with average bus occupancy of 150 passengers' and a practical capacity of '48,000 passengers per hour per direction with its existing infrastructure and 150 passengers per bus' (35,000 at 110 passengers per bus). Sole basis for the capacity figures; the entry attributes them rather than claiming any world record. Note the lead author was closely associated with the system's evaluation literature.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-bdde448d5e216f47

Tsivanidis — welfare evaluation (American Economic Review, 2026, peer-reviewed) aeaweb.org · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-5d1e1e177c640c59
Publisher: Name not classified · aeaweb.org
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Vol. 116(2):418-63. Establishes that an independent economic evaluation exists and that conventional commute-time benefit calculations capture only about half the total welfare gain, with 'distributional impacts are modest'. No single headline number is quoted in the entry because the paper's results are model-based.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Alcaldía de Bogotá — Integrated Control Centre opens (17 March 2026) bogota.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-6d471ed210573b44
Publisher: Name not classified · bogota.gov.co
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2026-03-17
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Fetched successfully. Establishes the control centre is new, not original: 1,200 m2, 209 workstations, the first time in the system's 25-year history that operations and security run from one location; supervises up to 4 million daily trips and more than 10,700 buses; roughly 2,700 fixed cameras plus over 36,900 onboard; AI video analytics and onboard GPS; more than 40 million data records processed per day; coordinates Troncal, TransMiZonal and TransMiCable — the evidence that TransMilenio S.A.'s remit extends beyond the BRT.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

TransMilenio — GTFS-realtime feed page (operator) gis.transmilenio.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-280c03de5941f077
Publisher: Name not classified · gis.transmilenio.gov.co
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Fetched successfully. Lists three GTFS-realtime endpoints (vehiclepos.pb, serviceAlerts.pb, tripupdate.pb). Carries no licence or terms-of-use statement of any kind — the basis for 'no licence attached' in the snippet.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

TransMilenio open data portal — static GTFS (operator) datosabiertos-transmilenio.hub.arcgis.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-380e662f75e765eb
Publisher: Name not classified · datosabiertos-transmilenio.hub.arcgis.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2025-07-23
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Static GTFS document dated 2025-07-23 on the operator's ArcGIS Hub portal, alongside 17 SITP datasets on the Bogotá open data portal. Established via search index; the individual document page was not fetched directly. First publication year of the GTFS feed could not be established and is not claimed.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

TransMilenio — fleet control system modernisation (operator, 2024) transmilenio.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-1a330612403d29d4
Publisher: Name not classified · transmilenio.gov.co
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
States a gradual renewal and modernisation of the fleet control system beginning 3 January 2024, enabling real-time management of the trunk and dual fleet, with GPS equipment on each trunk vehicle. FETCH FAILED: transmilenio.gov.co returns HTTP 403 to automated retrieval; content established via search index. Editor may wish to re-check before sealing.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Tarjeta TuLlave — dates of the fare-card rollout (Wikipedia ES, tertiary) es.wikipedia.org · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-13dc2073a370190d
Publisher: Name not classified · es.wikipedia.org
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Sole source located for the sequence: collection concession awarded to Recaudo Bogotá S.A.S. on 16 June 2011 for 16 years; the card launched with the SITP in January 2012; unification of payment onto TuLlave across all TransMilenio stations began 2 September 2015. Tertiary source, used because the operator's own TuLlave page returns HTTP 403. The September 2015 date is the load-bearing one for the 'data layer came later' framing and should be re-checked if a primary source becomes reachable.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Infobae — trunk fare evasion figures (24 July 2025) infobae.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-5b2eb57acebef8bc
Publisher: Name not classified · infobae.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2025-07-24
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Fetched successfully. Carrying sentence: 'La evasión en el componente troncal de TransMilenio pasó de 29,6 % en 2022 a 13,1% en 2024', and 'La evasión sigue generando pérdidas superiores a $100.000 millones de pesos por semestre'. The article attributes the figures to councillors Cristina Calderón Restrepo and María Clara Name in a Bogotá council debate, not to a TransMilenio publication — so these are council-cited, not audited, numbers.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Concejo de Bogotá — 2025 cost of fare evasion (12 February 2026) concejodebogota.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-428422cacca12e89
Publisher: Name not classified · concejodebogota.gov.co
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2026-02-12
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Council item headlined 'La evasión en TransMilenio le costó a Bogotá más de $265 mil millones en 2025'. FETCH FAILED: HTTP 503. Search-index summaries additionally report trunk evasion of about 15% at the close of 2025, rising 1.29 points in the second half after metro works forced the removal of automatic doors and access control on the Caracas corridor — that finer detail is NOT carried in the entry because it could not be verified sentence-level.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Wikinoticias / NBC News — the March 2012 riots es.wikinews.org · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-cd7b1024b46b38bf
Publisher: Name not classified · es.wikinews.org
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
9 March 2012: blockades at all portales, stations damaged on Caracas (Calles 39, 45, 72 and Marly), Calle 80 and Las Américas; Marly station destroyed and looted; 28 detained; the Procuraduría General de la Nación named overcrowding and fare increases as triggers. Corroborated by NBC News, 'Police and protesters clash over public transportation in Bogota' (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/police-protesters-clash-over-public-transportation-bogota-flna391240). Not fetched directly; established via search index.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Herrera Puyana, Gómez Rodríguez & García Fonseca — '¿Por qué TransMilenio en Bogotá está en crisis?' (Revista Ciudades, Estados y Política, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2017) portal.amelica.org · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-aa2290f507a24198
Publisher: Name not classified · portal.amelica.org
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Fetched successfully. Academic critique of the contracting model: 388 km of exclusive bus lanes planned against 109 km completed by 2014; operators paid per kilometre run regardless of service quality; fares among the highest in Latin America relative to the minimum wage (11.6% vs 5.4% in Quito). Its further figures (2015 deficit, share of the fare going to operators, a 96% rise in accidents after a bus life-extension decision) are deliberately NOT carried in the entry — single-source and not independently corroborated.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

El Tiempo / Semana — the Carrera Séptima corridor, twice abandoned eltiempo.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-71e8d5b54b527c36
Publisher: Name not classified · eltiempo.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2020-07-24
Updated: 2020-07-25
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Mayor Claudia López revoked the tender for the TransMilenio trunk on Carrera Séptima by administrative act, replacing it with a multimodal 'Corredor Verde'; Semana then reports the District revoking the Corredor Verde tender in turn (https://www.semana.com/politica/articulo/distrito-destapa-las-cartas-del-futuro-de-la-carrera-septima-en-bogota-tras-revocar-licitacion-del-corredor-verde-de-claudia-lopez/202431/). Together they establish that the corridor is still unbuilt. Neither fetched directly; established via search index.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Alcaldía de Bogotá — Metro Line 1 construction progress (2026) bogota.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-b7918ba33a4e806c
Publisher: Name not classified · bogota.gov.co
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2026-07-21
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Line 1 at 80.37% overall progress as of 30 June 2026; 16 stations, fully elevated, commercial operation planned for the first quarter of 2028. Basis for 'more than 80% complete'. Establishes the metro as a separate project, deliberately not described in this entry beyond the historical link that Peñalosa shelved metro plans to build the busway.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

TransMilenio S.A. — '¿Qué es SITP?' (authority) transmilenio.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-2e6a65c5ef0b4d47
Publisher: Name not classified · transmilenio.gov.co
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Establishes the entity relationship required for scope: TRANSMILENIO S.A. is the managing entity (ente gestor) that plans, manages and controls the SITP, adopted as Bogotá's public transport system by Decree 309 of 2009. FETCH FAILED: HTTP 403; content established via search index and corroborated by the control-centre article, which shows the same company coordinating Troncal, TransMiZonal and TransMiCable.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

La República — interview with TransMilenio general manager on fares & subsidy (2026) larepublica.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-c6f69d87902f3773
Publisher: Name not classified · larepublica.co
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2026-01-14
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-07-26
Dossier created: 2026-08-20
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
General manager María Fernanda Ortiz: the District subsidises 50% of the TransMilenio fare, set at COP 3,550 for 2026. Sole basis for the funding field. Not fetched directly; established via search index headline and summary.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Known limits of this passport

Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.