1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Beijing High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Area (Yizhuang)

Revision 2026-09-27-popular-uplift-2 · effective 2026-09-27

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Popular-entry uplift: sources re-read and dated, full claim array, stale or unsupported passages corrected against the sources, and the 2026 status checked.

sha256:e42e589243be23fb732beb72040b376e1f4bf0b856269dc65cfdbc002912f55a
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • replace /snapshot/projectFingerprint — Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/asOf — Updated asOf to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/claims — Updated claims to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/sources — Updated sources to the current sourced project record.
16
of 16 claims mapped
9
source dossiers
9
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-ec904ca6a3751b2e quantitative
Beijing began wiring Yizhuang for autonomous driving in September 2020, fitting intersections with roadside sensing equipment so vehicles read the road through the infrastructure as well as their own sensors
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city dates the demonstration zone to September 2020 in the economic-technological development area (Yizhuang) and describes vehicle-road-cloud integration with roadside intelligent equipment fitted at intersections.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Municipal Government — Demonstration zone to expand to 3,000 km2 (2024-10-21)
  2. Beijing Municipal Government — Beijing's autonomous driving accelerates globally (2025-06-23)
Claim 2 clm-d1adbab9723c2ff6 quantitative
coverage now spans 600 square kilometres across Yizhuang, Tongzhou and Shunyi
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The October 2024 page says the 600 km² covers the development area plus parts of Tongzhou and Shunyi; the June 2025 page repeats the 600 km² of intelligent roadside infrastructure.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Municipal Government — Demonstration zone to expand to 3,000 km2 (2024-10-21)
  2. Beijing Municipal Government — Beijing's autonomous driving accelerates globally (2025-06-23)
Claim 3 clm-2ac0f6ad16c30574 quantitative
Paid robotaxi service opened in November 2021
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
China Daily reports on 25 November 2021 that the permit allows Baidu to charge fees for autonomous services to the public in designated areas, with Baidu and Pony.ai the first pair to operate commercially.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. China Daily — Baidu gets approval for commercialized autonomous vehicle service in Beijing (2021-11-25)
Claim 4 clm-b698bc17da0ca4fe quantitative
permits first allowed no driver at the wheel in April 2022
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
China Daily, 29 April 2022: the permits let 14 vehicles carry passengers without a safety operator behind the steering wheel.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. China Daily — Beijing approves nation's first driverless robotaxi permits (2022-04-29)
Claim 5 clm-f66714e799e0a8a9 quantitative
Baidu won the city's first permit for fully driverless ride-hailing, with nobody aboard, in March 2023
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Baidu's release of 17 March 2023 announces the first permits in Beijing for fully driverless ride-hailing with no driver or safety operator in the car.
Caveat
The operator's own announcement.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Baidu press release — First permit for fully driverless ride-hailing in Beijing (2023-03-17)
Claim 6 clm-df83de31b63c757b quantitative
In April 2026 a nationwide freeze on new autonomous-driving permits, imposed after a mass outage of Baidu robotaxis in Wuhan, halted fleet expansion
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
CnEVPost, citing Bloomberg, reports on 29 April 2026 that China stopped issuing new robotaxi permits after Baidu Apollo Go robotaxis stalled in Wuhan on 31 March, preventing companies from adding robotaxis, starting projects or entering new cities.
Caveat
The freeze was reported through people familiar with the matter, not announced by a regulator.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. CnEVPost — China suspends new robotaxi permits after Baidu outage (2026-04-29)
  2. Automotive World — China resumes robotaxi permits after three-month freeze (2026-07-23)
Claim 7 clm-73526ea4548a3360 quantitative
permits resumed in July 2026
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Automotive World reports on 23 July 2026, citing Bloomberg, that China has begun issuing robotaxi permits again, ending a freeze in place since 29 April.
Caveat
Reported through people familiar with the matter, not announced by a regulator.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Automotive World — China resumes robotaxi permits after three-month freeze (2026-07-23)
Claim 8 clm-c0db4422248ebb86 quantitative
The city reports 38 million kilometres of cumulative autonomous test mileage, 35 test companies and 1,098 test licence plates as of June 2025 — its own figures, from its own zone
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The municipal page of 23 June 2025 quotes the city's autonomous-driving office: over 38 million cumulative kilometres, 35 test companies and test plates issued to 1,098 vehicles.
Caveat
Self-reported by the authority that runs the zone; no independent audit of the mileage has been published.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Municipal Government — Beijing's autonomous driving accelerates globally (2025-06-23)
Claim 9 clm-2fe60a3b7cb3ecb9 quantitative
the November 2021 paid permits covered 67 vehicles on 350 km of road
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
China Daily describes Baidu's paid service as covering 350 km of roads with a total of 67 autonomous cars.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. China Daily — Baidu gets approval for commercialized autonomous vehicle service in Beijing (2021-11-25)
Claim 10 clm-6a11a8ca33e8ec65 quantitative
the April 2022 'driverless' permits covered 14 vehicles that still carried a safety supervisor in the front passenger seat and gave rides free of charge
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
China Daily: 14 vehicles without a safety operator at the wheel, a safety supervisor in the front passenger seat, and rides hailed free of charge.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. China Daily — Beijing approves nation's first driverless robotaxi permits (2022-04-29)
Claim 11 clm-780bcd7325bc09f2 quantitative
the first genuinely unattended permit, in March 2023, covered ten
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Baidu's release: with the permits, Baidu deploys a total of 10 fully driverless vehicles in Yizhuang.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Baidu press release — First permit for fully driverless ride-hailing in Beijing (2023-03-17)
Claim 12 clm-b07fd6a3fcb002c1 quantitative
The airport route opened in 2024 runs with a safety operator in the driver's seat
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city's English page of 2 July 2024: Pony.ai's paid airport service runs under the supervision of personnel in the driver's seat on a roughly 40 km route including expressway at 120 km/h.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Municipal Government (English) — Paid robotaxi services at Daxing International Airport (2024-07-02)
Claim 13 clm-66b37ef73c25dcac quantitative
the 600 km² is a 60 km² Yizhuang core plus 440 km² in two outer districts, with 1,115 intersections fitted, while the 3,000 km² is an announced target
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The October 2024 page gives 440 km² and 1,115 intersections in Tongzhou and Shunyi and calls the roughly 3,000 km² between the fourth and sixth ring roads a planned expansion; the June 2025 page gives the 60 km² development-area stage.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Municipal Government — Demonstration zone to expand to 3,000 km2 (2024-10-21)
  2. Beijing Municipal Government — Beijing's autonomous driving accelerates globally (2025-06-23)
Claim 14 clm-acd5b17aa080cd53 descriptive
Beijing's approvals that the word 'driverless' would cover each name a different arrangement
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The documented approvals differ in who sits where: a supervisor in the passenger seat on free rides (2022), nobody aboard (2023), and an operator in the driver's seat on a paid airport route (2024). No single passage states this; it is the comparison across the three documents.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. China Daily — Beijing approves nation's first driverless robotaxi permits (2022-04-29)
  2. Baidu press release — First permit for fully driverless ride-hailing in Beijing (2023-03-17)
  3. Beijing Municipal Government (English) — Paid robotaxi services at Daxing International Airport (2024-07-02)
Claim 15 clm-d1c4a0e38614208f descriptive
The city's own headline figure is test mileage, which measures how much driving was done, not how much of it was unattended
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The municipal page leads with 38 million cumulative kilometres and gives no breakdown by whether a safety operator was aboard.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Municipal Government — Beijing's autonomous driving accelerates globally (2025-06-23)
Claim 16 clm-e2a257ba8e0b5c43 descriptive
after more than a hundred robotaxis stalled at once in another city, new permits stopped nationwide for three months
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Automotive World reports more than 100 Baidu Apollo Go robotaxis stalling simultaneously across Wuhan on 31 March 2026 and a freeze on new permits from 29 April until permits resumed in July.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Automotive World — China resumes robotaxi permits after three-month freeze (2026-07-23)
  2. CnEVPost — China suspends new robotaxi permits after Baidu outage (2026-04-29)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-09-27-popular-uplift-2 effective 2026-09-27 · created 2026-09-27

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:e42e589243be23fb732beb72040b376e1f4bf0b856269dc65cfdbc002912f55a
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
16
of 16 claims mapped
9
source dossiers
9
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Beijing High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Area office, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area; fleets run by Baidu Apollo Go, Pony.ai and WeRide
Actor types
city-government, private
Funding model
mixed
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

9 source dossiers

Beijing Municipal Government — Beijing's autonomous driving accelerates globally (2025-06-23) beijing.gov.cn · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-421c1740076f240c
Publisher
Name not classified · beijing.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-06-23
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Primary. States the zone was launched in September 2020, 600 km2 of intelligent roadside infrastructure, 38 million cumulative autonomous km, 35 test companies, 1,098 test plates. Self-reported.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Beijing Municipal Government — Demonstration zone to expand to 3,000 km2 (2024-10-21) beijing.gov.cn · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-a926dafb0acdaca8
Publisher
Name not classified · beijing.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2024-10-21
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Primary. Breaks the 600 km2 into the 60 km2 Yizhuang core plus 440 km2 in Tongzhou and Shunyi, cites 1,115 intersections fitted with roadside equipment, and frames the ~3,000 km2 build-out as a plan, not built.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
China Daily — Baidu gets approval for commercialized autonomous vehicle service in Beijing (2021-11-25) chinadaily.com.cn · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-370431b163468621
Publisher
Name not classified · chinadaily.com.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2021-11-25
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Dates the first paid robotaxi permits (Baidu and Pony.ai) to 25 November 2021, in a 60 km2 area with 350 km of roads and 67 vehicles. State-linked outlet.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
China Daily — Beijing approves nation's first driverless robotaxi permits (2022-04-29) global.chinadaily.com.cn · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-8cd5fe23643edaa4
Publisher
Name not classified · global.chinadaily.com.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2022-04-29
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

28 April 2022: 14 vehicles allowed to carry passengers with no operator behind the wheel, but a safety supervisor still in the front passenger seat.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Baidu press release — First permit for fully driverless ride-hailing in Beijing (2023-03-17) prnewswire.com · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-68cd8cab23455680
Publisher
Name not classified · prnewswire.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2023-03-17
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Operator claim: 17 March 2023, 10 vehicles cleared to carry paying passengers in Yizhuang with no driver or safety operator aboard. Vendor source.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Beijing Municipal Government (English) — Paid robotaxi services at Daxing International Airport (2024-07-02) english.beijing.gov.cn · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-864921ee83c67d26
Publisher
Name not classified · english.beijing.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2024-07-02
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Pony.ai's ~40 km airport route, including expressway at 120 km/h, runs with a safety operator in the driver's seat.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Beijing Municipal Government — the municipal Autonomous Vehicle Regulation beijing.gov.cn · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-a170f02e4adff96f
Publisher
Name not classified · beijing.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-01-01
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Article of 1 January 2025 on the municipal Autonomous Vehicle Regulation passed 31 December 2024 and effective 1 April 2025: a 48-article law covering L3+ personal cars, buses, taxis, freight and municipal service vehicles after testing and safety assessment.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
CnEVPost — China suspends new robotaxi permits after Baidu outage (2026-04-29) cnevpost.com · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e69ab306214dad7d
Publisher
Name not classified · cnevpost.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-04-29
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Counterweight. Citing Bloomberg, reports that after Baidu Apollo Go robotaxis stalled in Wuhan on 31 March 2026, regulators stopped issuing new robotaxi permits nationwide, blocking new vehicles, new test projects and new cities, with no stated end date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Automotive World — China resumes robotaxi permits after three-month freeze (2026-07-23) automotiveworld.com · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-b4afee71e6b438a1
Publisher
Name not classified · automotiveworld.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-07-23
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Citing Bloomberg, reports that China resumed issuing robotaxi permits in July 2026 after a freeze in place since 29 April, triggered when more than 100 Baidu Apollo Go robotaxis stalled simultaneously in Wuhan.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.