1001 Smart Cities
🇯🇵 Tokyo

Tokyo Digital Twin

🤖 AI-generated summary · ◆ 12 sourced claims · 🔎 Last verified

This overview was generated with AI from the public sources listed below and checked against them before publication. It has not had a complete human fact-check — treat it as a starting point and follow the sources.

12 sourced claims on this page, none individually verified yet — turn on “Sources in the text” to see each one.

How this atlas is made · What “last verified” means · What “source-checked” means · The full record behind this page

✎ Corrected 15 Oct 2026 Publication date recorded for 7 sources. · 3 revisions in all What changed →

Tokyo's 3D model runs free in an ordinary browser, and the city's laser point cloud is open data. Its clearest use so far: showing what an earthquake did, before and after.

Outcome🔄 Ongoing
Evidence🏛️ Official
what does this mean?The strongest source is the operator's or the city's own reporting — an official report, dataset or press release. It grades who did the looking — not how well the project went. All four grades →
Run byTokyo Metropolitan Government
Scale🏙️ City-wide

Part of 1001 Smart Cities — 1,216 documented projects · 🏙️ 10 more in Tokyo · 🪞 Digital twin guide · 📡 Data & IoT projects

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government's Digital Twin initiative recreates the city in 3D. Its free, browser-based 3D Viewer, built on the open-source TerriaJS framework, layers live data such as Toei bus positions and river levels over 3D city models of Tokyo's wards, Tama area and islands, and on 31 October 2024 the city released high-precision aerial point-cloud data for the 23 wards as open data under a CC BY licence, a year after the Tama and island areas.

Live 📅 since 2021

📊 Impact

The 3D Viewer is free and runs in an ordinary browser, and the 23 wards' aerial point cloud, published as open data in October 2024, is described by the city as the most precise airborne-laser point cloud publicly available in Japan. Its clearest use so far is disaster documentation: to support recovery after the Noto Peninsula earthquake of 1 January 2024, the TMG published slope collapses, surface cracks and post-quake point clouds on the same viewer so the state before and after could be compared. Inside government, uptake is still being built: in fiscal 2025 the city lent point-cloud survey equipment to six bureaus 24 times.

🎓 Lesson

A city model earns its keep when something breaks. Tokyo's twin is free, browser-based and open, but the use its own government puts forward first is not planning — it is publishing what an earthquake did, on the same viewer, so before and after can be compared. Its own 2025 report measures uptake in equipment loans and training, not in decisions taken with the model.

📡 Data & IoTDigital twinOpen dataGIS & cadastre

Sources

↗ Tokyo Metropolitan Government — Digital Twin: A New Solution for Urban Challenges in Tokyo (official, Nov 2025)Published 13 November 2025TMG explainer, dated 13 November 2025, on the Digital Twin project and the 3D Viewer, including the publication of Noto Peninsula earthquake damage data on the same viewer.
↗ TMG Digital Twin roadmap (official)Official roadmap for social implementation of the digital twin. The PDF carries no readable publication date, so none is recorded. The page states no publication date.
↗ GIGAZINE — Tokyo Digital Twin 3D Viewer (press, Dec 2024)Published 27 December 2024Dec 2024 release of free 23-ward 3D Viewer and open point-cloud data.
↗ Tokyo Metropolitan Government — press release: 23-ward 3D point cloud published as open data (official, 31 Oct 2024)The city's announcement that the 23 wards' airborne-laser point cloud is open data and on the 3D Viewer, following the Tama and island areas a year earlier; the city calls it the most precise such data published in Japan.
↗ Tokyo Open Data Catalog — Digital Twin Realization Project, 23-ward point cloud dataset (official)Published 31 October 2024The dataset record for the ward point cloud, licensed Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
Show 2 more sourcesShow fewer
↗ TMG Digital Twin Realization Project — Tokyo in 3D models / 3D Viewer page (official)The project's viewer page: TerriaJS base, published data layers (ward, Tama and island 3D city models, point clouds, live bus and river data, Noto data kept for disaster support). Continuously revised portal.
↗ TMG Digital Twin Realization Project — FY2025 point-cloud utilisation verification (official)The city's FY2025 point-cloud verification: equipment lent to bureaus, training, and the problems found. The page carries no date; the project news log records its update on 13 March 2026.

📅 How old is the evidence?

Two clocks, kept apart: when this entry’s sources were published, and what has happened to its record in the atlas. Documented span: since 2021. 4 of 7 sources carry a publication date, from 31 October 2024 to 13 November 2025.

When the sources were published

  1. Tokyo Metropolitan Government · city governmentTokyo Metropolitan Government — press release: 23-ward 3D point cloud published as open data (official, 31 Oct 2024)
  2. Tokyo Metropolitan Government · city governmentTokyo Open Data Catalog — Digital Twin Realization Project, 23-ward point cloud dataset (official)
  3. GIGAZINE · pressGIGAZINE — Tokyo Digital Twin 3D Viewer (press, Dec 2024)
  4. Tokyo Metropolitan Government · city governmentTokyo Metropolitan Government — Digital Twin: A New Solution for Urban Challenges in Tokyo (official, Nov 2025)

Every source, with links ↑

What happened to this record

  1. Entered the record
  2. Record revised
  3. 4 sources added
  4. Sources last read
  5. Publication date recorded for 7 sources

Every revision, permanent →

Show your work What this page rests on and what it can’t tell you · all 12 claims with their sources · the forensic record

Evidence file · public beta 12 addressable claims, 7 source dossiers, one permanent baseline. The file is unreviewed — an AI-assisted structural migration, not a human or expert endorsement. Every revision keeps a permanent copy under revision history.

Inspect the claims, one by one — verbatim text, sources and caveats for all 12

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-e4b45f36db5943f9 quantitative
Its free, browser-based 3D Viewer, built on the open-source TerriaJS framework
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
GIGAZINE reports free browser access; the project page names TerriaJS as the open-source base.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GIGAZINE — Tokyo Digital Twin 3D Viewer (press, Dec 2024)
  2. TMG Digital Twin Realization Project — Tokyo in 3D models / 3D Viewer page (official)
Claim 3 clm-62c06ae68eb16068 quantitative
over 3D city models of Tokyo's wards, Tama area and islands
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The project's data list covers ward, Tama and island 3D city models.
Caveat
Coverage is being added municipality by municipality; not every model type exists for every area.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. TMG Digital Twin Realization Project — Tokyo in 3D models / 3D Viewer page (official)
Claim 4 clm-cc84387d9b48e072 quantitative
on 31 October 2024 the city released high-precision aerial point-cloud data for the 23 wards as open data
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city's press release of that date announces the ward point cloud as open data.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Tokyo Metropolitan Government — press release: 23-ward 3D point cloud published as open data (official, 31 Oct 2024)
Claim 5 clm-a31b86f451f06f41 descriptive
under a CC BY licence
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The open-data catalogue lists the dataset under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
Caveat
The catalogue's metadata (licence_id CC-BY-4.0) carries this; the page itself did not render for an automated reader.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Tokyo Open Data Catalog — Digital Twin Realization Project, 23-ward point cloud dataset (official)
Claim 7 clm-a0b36e7c170b93ef quantitative
The 3D Viewer is free and runs in an ordinary browser
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
GIGAZINE describes free access in the browser.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GIGAZINE — Tokyo Digital Twin 3D Viewer (press, Dec 2024)
Claim 8 clm-43cdc92cfb221abd descriptive
is described by the city as the most precise airborne-laser point cloud publicly available in Japan
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The release makes the precision claim itself, as the city's own description.
Caveat
The city's own comparison, not an independent benchmark.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Tokyo Metropolitan Government — press release: 23-ward 3D point cloud published as open data (official, 31 Oct 2024)
Claim 9 clm-6242a4760a671539 quantitative
to support recovery after the Noto Peninsula earthquake of 1 January 2024, the TMG published slope collapses, surface cracks and post-quake point clouds on the same viewer so the state before and after could be compared
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city's explainer describes publishing the Noto damage data on the viewer for before/after comparison.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Tokyo Metropolitan Government — Digital Twin: A New Solution for Urban Challenges in Tokyo (official, Nov 2025)
Claim 10 clm-4e01dbcb7e5dcbf4 quantitative
in fiscal 2025 the city lent point-cloud survey equipment to six bureaus 24 times
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The project's FY2025 results name six bureaus and 24 loans across all equipment.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. TMG Digital Twin Realization Project — FY2025 point-cloud utilisation verification (official)
Claim 11 clm-4aabe5e04736eb96 descriptive
the use its own government puts forward first is not planning — it is publishing what an earthquake did, on the same viewer, so before and after can be compared
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The explainer's damage-assessment section is its one worked example beyond live data layers.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Tokyo Metropolitan Government — Digital Twin: A New Solution for Urban Challenges in Tokyo (official, Nov 2025)
Claim 12 clm-e128d5a989bb8326 quantitative
Its own 2025 report measures uptake in equipment loans and training, not in decisions taken with the model
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The FY2025 results list loans, exchanges of views and workshops as outcomes, and no decision taken with the model.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. TMG Digital Twin Realization Project — FY2025 point-cloud utilisation verification (official)
Forensic record — source dossiers, gaps, hashes and the exact revision this page renders

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-10-15-source-note-correction effective 2026-09-27 · created 2026-10-15

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:cc9aa327cbc2d9b0397ed4dddfabda313b9c88ef107c48cea462a50883bacc9f
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
12
of 12 claims mapped
7
source dossiers
4
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Actor types
city-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

7 source dossiers

Tokyo Metropolitan Government — Digital Twin: A New Solution for Urban Challenges in Tokyo (official, Nov 2025) english.metro.tokyo.lg.jp · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e8ec9a5b502fcaa0
Publisher
Name not classified · english.metro.tokyo.lg.jp
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-11-13
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-10-15
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

TMG explainer, dated 13 November 2025, on the Digital Twin project and the 3D Viewer, including the publication of Noto Peninsula earthquake damage data on the same viewer.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
TMG Digital Twin roadmap (official) info.tokyo-digitaltwin.metro.tokyo.lg.jp · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-7cff033d82c301bd
Publisher
Name not classified · info.tokyo-digitaltwin.metro.tokyo.lg.jp
Type / language
pdf · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-10-15
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Official roadmap for social implementation of the digital twin. The PDF carries no readable publication date, so none is recorded. The page states no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
GIGAZINE — Tokyo Digital Twin 3D Viewer (press, Dec 2024) gigazine.net · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-eec7c41707658190
Publisher
Name not classified · gigazine.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2024-12-27
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-10-15
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Dec 2024 release of free 23-ward 3D Viewer and open point-cloud data.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Tokyo Metropolitan Government — press release: 23-ward 3D point cloud published as open data (official, 31 Oct 2024) metro.tokyo.lg.jp · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-d048bdc0299a3908
Publisher
Name not classified · metro.tokyo.lg.jp
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2024-10-31
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-10-15
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The city's announcement that the 23 wards' airborne-laser point cloud is open data and on the 3D Viewer, following the Tama and island areas a year earlier; the city calls it the most precise such data published in Japan.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Tokyo Open Data Catalog — Digital Twin Realization Project, 23-ward point cloud dataset (official) catalog.data.metro.tokyo.lg.jp · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-c6d2172bd5c5b648
Publisher
Name not classified · catalog.data.metro.tokyo.lg.jp
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2024-10-31
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-10-15
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The dataset record for the ward point cloud, licensed Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
TMG Digital Twin Realization Project — Tokyo in 3D models / 3D Viewer page (official) info.tokyo-digitaltwin.metro.tokyo.lg.jp · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-6656130910ef1b6e
Publisher
Name not classified · info.tokyo-digitaltwin.metro.tokyo.lg.jp
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-10-15
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The project's viewer page: TerriaJS base, published data layers (ward, Tama and island 3D city models, point clouds, live bus and river data, Noto data kept for disaster support). Continuously revised portal.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
TMG Digital Twin Realization Project — FY2025 point-cloud utilisation verification (official) info.tokyo-digitaltwin.metro.tokyo.lg.jp · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-512b44c75ee6a37e
Publisher
Name not classified · info.tokyo-digitaltwin.metro.tokyo.lg.jp
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-10-15
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The city's FY2025 point-cloud verification: equipment lent to bureaus, training, and the problems found. The page carries no date; the project news log records its update on 13 March 2026.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.

Continue exploring

Compare this project

🇩🇪 Urban Spatial 3D Digital Twin Platform · Munich Two open city digital twins: Tokyo pairs a 3D viewer with open point-cloud data; Munich a photoreal mesh with a lane-accurate model. 🇩🇪 smartPORT Hamburg · Hamburg Digital twins at different scales: Tokyo mirrors all 23 wards in 3D; Hamburg mirrors its port's 130 bridges and roads in real time. 🇬🇧 TfL Open Data & Unified API · London Two government open-data platforms: Tokyo opens 3D models and aerial point clouds; TfL opens 80+ real-time transport feeds.

Four digital twins: who may open them — and what are they for?

The same label covers a sealed national security asset, a browser tab anyone can open, a bookable simulation lab and a live operations dashboard. Access is the axis that separates them — and it decides what each twin can honestly claim to do.

ProjectSinceStatusOutcomeEvidenceRun byCostWho gets in
Virtual Singapore: National 3D City Model and Digital TwinSingapore, 🇸🇬 2014 Completed Scaled back Official National government, Private company About S$73 million (~US$53 million), as reported by Reuters; the former NRF programme page is offline. Sealed: rolled out to agencies behind 'internet separation'; the promised public access never launched.
Tokyo Digital TwinTokyo, 🇯🇵 2021 Live Ongoing Official City government not public Open to anyone: a free browser viewer, with ward point clouds released as open data in December 2024.
S-Map — Seoul 3D Digital Twin PlatformSeoul, 🇰🇷 2021 Live Ongoing Official City government not public The lab in between: agencies and companies run simulations on roughly 600,000 buildings through its Open Lab.
One Network Unified Management (city operations digital twin)Shanghai, 🇨🇳 2019 Live Ongoing Peer-reviewed City government not public The operations pole: a live twin coordinating transport and emergency response rather than planning studies.

Explore the wider context

🏙️ Urban digital twins compared📖 Digital twin📖 Building performance standard (BPS)📖 GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification)
📎 Cite this project

1001 Smart Cities (2026). “Tokyo Digital Twin” — Tokyo, Japan. The Smart City Atlas. https://1001smartcities.org/projects/tokyo-digital-twin/ (last verified 2026-09-27). Data: CC BY 4.0.

The underlying data is free to reuse with attribution — see the open data page.

🚩 Report an error · 🔔 Follow changes to this entry (RSS)

✉️ One source-checked project a week. No pitches, no vendors.

Inside: the Landmark of the Week, one Insight, the newly documented cities. One-click unsubscribe. About the newsletter · RSS