1001 Smart Cities
🇵🇭 Manila

EFCOS: Metro Manila's Flood Telemetry and Floodway Gates

🤖 AI-generated summary · ◆ 10 sourced claims · 🔎 Last verified

This overview was generated with AI from the public sources listed below and checked against them before publication. It has not had a complete human fact-check — treat it as a starting point and follow the sources.

10 sourced claims on this page, none individually verified yet — turn on “Sources in the text” to see each one.

How this atlas is made · What “last verified” means · What “source-checked” means · The full record behind this page

✎ Corrected 13 Oct 2026 4 sources added. · 2 revisions in all What changed →

Metro Manila publishes its river levels minute by minute, and says its gauges give 90 minutes of warning. The flood defences they warn about became one of the country's biggest corruption scandals — 421 projects flagged as ghosts.

Outcome🔄 Ongoing
Evidence🏛️ Official
what does this mean?The strongest source is the operator's or the city's own reporting — an official report, dataset or press release. It grades who did the looking — not how well the project went. All four grades →
Run byMetropolitan Manila Development Authority (EFCOS unit), with PAGASA publishing the readings
Scale🗺️ Regional
FundingJapanese development aid for the telemetry and its 2014-2016 restoration; MMDA operating budget

Part of 1001 Smart Cities — 1,216 documented projects · 🏙️ 9 more in Manila · 🌊 Flood resilience guide · 🌱 Environment projects

The MMDA's Effective Flood Control Operation System, built with Japanese aid in 1993 and rehabilitated by JICA in 2014-2016, telemeters rainfall and river levels across the Pasig-Marikina basin from a control room at Rosario Pumping Station. Readings publish live on PAGASA's basin site with alert, alarm and critical thresholds. Crews decide how many Manggahan Floodway gates to open, keyed to the Sto. Niño gauge upstream. The defences those gauges warn about are another matter: a 2025 government validation flagged 421 flood-control projects nationwide as ghosts, and in May 2026 the Ombudsman charged a senator, a former public works secretary and two Metro Manila district engineers with plunder.

Live 📅 since 1993

📊 Impact

The MMDA says mountain rain gauges give roughly 90 minutes of warning before water levels rise in the Marikina and Pasig rivers. An operator statement, not independently measured. In January 2026 the acting justice secretary told the Senate that only 14 of the 421 flagged projects had been confirmed non-existent. In September 2026 the anti-graft court dropped the former public works secretary as a co-accused so that he could testify as a state witness; the senator and the three other accused remained in detention.

🎓 Lesson

Sensing and concrete are procured, funded and audited separately. Metro Manila measures its floods in public, minute by minute, while the works those measurements warn about became one of the country's biggest corruption scandals.

🌱 EnvironmentFlood resilienceWaterSensors & IoTSafety & security

Sources

↗ PAGASA — Pasig-Marikina-Tullahan flood forecasting and warning system (water level)Live dashboard of the Pasig-Marikina-Tullahan flood forecasting and warning system: real-time river levels for the Marikina, Pasig and Tullahan with alert, alarm and critical elevation columns and a legend distinguishing PAGASA stations from MMDA stations. A continuously updated page, so it carries no publication date.
↗ Official Gazette — MMDA flood reduction measures in Metro ManilaPublished 27 September 2010Government briefing establishing that EFCOS is designed for operating the Manggahan Floodway and the Napindan Hydraulic Control Structure, fed by telemetered observation stations with units at the public works central office, PAGASA, Napindan and Rosario, plus warning posts along the floodway.
↗ Inquirer — Metro gets a tweaked early flood warning system (2016)Published March 2016Reports the JICA-funded rehabilitation and the March 2016 turnover to the MMDA, the control base at Rosario Pumping Station in Pasig, and the MMDA's statement that the system warns at least an hour and a half before water levels rise.
↗ Philstar — JICA hands over rehabilitated flood control project to MMDA (14 Mar 2016)Updated 16 May 2016JICA handed the rehabilitated EFCOS to the MMDA at Rosario Pumping Station after 15 months of repair under an October 2014 memorandum covering the telemetry and radio systems; Phase 1 was completed in 1993 for real-time rainfall and water-level collection across the Pasig-Marikina-Laguna Lake complex; the MMDA has 18 observation stations and nine warning posts along the Manggahan Floodway.
↗ De La Salle University — thesis on the Manggahan and Napindan control structuresPublished 2022Undergraduate thesis modelling the Manggahan and Napindan structures during Typhoon Ulysses; states that in real practice MMDA-EFCOS bases the gate controls of these structures on the Sto. Niño water level gauge station upstream of the Rosario weir.
Show 8 more sourcesShow fewer
↗ SunStar — timeline of the flood control scandalPublished 29 October 2025Dated chronology calling the scandal one of the biggest corruption controversies of 2025: the president ordered an audit of three years of flood-control projects on 28 July 2025; on 11 August 2025 he named 15 contractors holding over 100 billion pesos in contracts since 2022; Senate hearings opened 19 August 2025; an Independent Commission for Infrastructure was created by executive order on 11 September 2025.
↗ Rappler — at least 421 ghost flood control projects uncovered nationwide (9 Oct 2025)Reports the public works secretary's 9 October 2025 announcement that validation of about 8,000 flood-control projects with security and planning agencies flagged 421 as non-existent, with many more still to be validated.
↗ Philstar — 421 flood control projects found to be ghosts (9 Oct 2025)Same announcement: the public works department said it found 421 ghost flood-control projects out of the 8,000 it investigated with the armed forces, the defence department and the planning department, and the secretary stressed these were initial figures, with around 100,000 projects still to be validated.
↗ GMA News — 14 of 421 ghost flood control projects confirmed non-existent (19 Jan 2026)The acting justice secretary told a Senate hearing that only 14 of the 421 projects initially flagged as ghosts had been confirmed non-existent and that the department was not yet convinced about the others; a public works undersecretary said the validation might have to restart after wrong grid coordinates were used.
↗ GMA News — Ombudsman files plunder and graft cases over flood control projects (28 May 2026)The Ombudsman filed one plunder and two graft cases against Senator Jinggoy Estrada over alleged kickbacks of over 573 million pesos tied to budget insertions in the fiscal 2025 public works portfolio; the former public works secretary, two DPWH National Capital Region district engineers and an assistant district engineer are on the charge sheet. Charges only; no conviction.
↗ Manila Bulletin — anti-graft court orders arrests in the plunder case (1 Jun 2026)The anti-graft court found probable cause and ordered arrests in the plunder case on 1 June 2026, with no bail set.
↗ Philstar — Jinggoy Estrada ordered arrested for plunder (1 Jun 2026)The anti-graft court's Fifth Division issued a plunder arrest warrant on 1 June 2026 against the senator, the former public works secretary and three DPWH engineers, days after he posted bail on a separate graft charge.
↗ SunStar — Sandiganbayan discharges Bonoan as co-accused (2 Sep 2026)The anti-graft court granted the Ombudsman's request to discharge the former public works secretary as a co-accused so he could serve as a state witness, and recalled his arrest warrant; the senator and the three other accused were detained at the Quezon City Jail.

📅 How old is the evidence?

Two clocks, kept apart: when this entry’s sources were published, and what has happened to its record in the atlas. Documented span: since 1993. 12 of 13 sources carry a publication date, from 27 September 2010 to 2 September 2026.

When the sources were published

  1. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines · national governmentOfficial Gazette — MMDA flood reduction measures in Metro Manila
  2. Inquirer · pressInquirer — Metro gets a tweaked early flood warning system (2016)
  3. The Philippine Star · pressPhilstar — JICA hands over rehabilitated flood control project to MMDA (14 Mar 2016) · updated 16 May 2016
  4. De La Salle University · researchDe La Salle University — thesis on the Manggahan and Napindan control structures
  5. Rappler · pressRappler — at least 421 ghost flood control projects uncovered nationwide (9 Oct 2025)
  6. The Philippine Star · pressPhilstar — 421 flood control projects found to be ghosts (9 Oct 2025)
  7. SunStar · pressSunStar — timeline of the flood control scandal
  8. GMA News · pressGMA News — 14 of 421 ghost flood control projects confirmed non-existent (19 Jan 2026)
Show 4 more dated sourcesShow fewer
  1. GMA News · pressGMA News — Ombudsman files plunder and graft cases over flood control projects (28 May 2026)
  2. Manila Bulletin · pressManila Bulletin — anti-graft court orders arrests in the plunder case (1 Jun 2026)
  3. The Philippine Star · pressPhilstar — Jinggoy Estrada ordered arrested for plunder (1 Jun 2026)
  4. SunStar · pressSunStar — Sandiganbayan discharges Bonoan as co-accused (2 Sep 2026)

Every source, with links ↑

What happened to this record

  1. Entered the record
  2. Publication date recorded for 9 sources
  3. Sources last read
  4. 4 sources added

Every revision, permanent →

Show your work What this page rests on and what it can’t tell you · all 10 claims with their sources · the forensic record

Evidence file · public beta 10 addressable claims, 13 source dossiers, one permanent baseline. The file is unreviewed — an AI-assisted structural migration, not a human or expert endorsement. Every revision keeps a permanent copy under revision history.

Inspect the claims, one by one — verbatim text, sources and caveats for all 10

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-6774b626101cc5a0 quantitative
The MMDA's Effective Flood Control Operation System, built with Japanese aid in 1993 and rehabilitated by JICA in 2014-2016, telemeters rainfall and river levels across the Pasig-Marikina basin from a control room at Rosario Pumping Station
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Philstar (14 March 2016) states Phase 1 was completed in 1993 for real-time rainfall and water-level collection via telemetry across the Pasig-Marikina-Laguna Lake complex, that JICA restored the telemetry under an October 2014 memorandum and handed it over after 15 months, and that the system is based at Rosario Pumping Station; the Official Gazette and Inquirer describe the same system and its Japanese funding.
Caveat
The government briefing returns an error to direct fetching; its existence and wording were confirmed via search.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Official Gazette — MMDA flood reduction measures in Metro Manila
  2. Inquirer — Metro gets a tweaked early flood warning system (2016)
  3. Philstar — JICA hands over rehabilitated flood control project to MMDA (14 Mar 2016)
Claim 2 clm-d40fc3d2d354c605 descriptive
Readings publish live on PAGASA's basin site with alert, alarm and critical thresholds
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The PAGASA basin dashboard lists MMDA and PAGASA stations with alert, alarm and critical elevation columns. It is a live table that offers no stable sentence to highlight, so no locator is given.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. PAGASA — Pasig-Marikina-Tullahan flood forecasting and warning system (water level)
Claim 3 clm-7e0f7ddea8046dfe descriptive
Crews decide how many Manggahan Floodway gates to open, keyed to the Sto. Niño gauge upstream
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The academic account of operating practice records that the authority bases gate control of the Manggahan and Napindan structures on the Sto. Niño water-level gauge upstream of the Rosario weir — a crewed decision on gauge thresholds rather than automatic actuation.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. De La Salle University — thesis on the Manggahan and Napindan control structures
Claim 4 clm-9b9c3109a847735c quantitative
a 2025 government validation flagged 421 flood-control projects nationwide as ghosts
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
A validation of about 8,000 public works projects, carried out with the defence department, armed forces, police and the planning agency, flagged at least 421 as non-existent, with roughly 100,000 projects still to be validated.
Caveat
The word is flagged, not confirmed, and deliberately so: in January 2026 the acting justice secretary told a Senate hearing that only 14 of the 421 were confirmed non-existent and that the department was not yet convinced the others were ghost projects.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Rappler — at least 421 ghost flood control projects uncovered nationwide (9 Oct 2025)
  2. Philstar — 421 flood control projects found to be ghosts (9 Oct 2025)
  3. GMA News — 14 of 421 ghost flood control projects confirmed non-existent (19 Jan 2026)
Claim 5 clm-0b9055a22797d476 quantitative
in May 2026 the Ombudsman charged a senator, a former public works secretary and two Metro Manila district engineers with plunder
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The charges cover roughly 573 million pesos in alleged kickbacks from fiscal 2025 public works projects in the National Capital Region, naming a senator, a former public works secretary, two National Capital Region district engineers and an assistant district engineer. On 1 June 2026 the anti-graft court found probable cause and ordered arrests, with no bail recommended on the plunder count.
Caveat
Charges only; no conviction. Trial pending.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GMA News — Ombudsman files plunder and graft cases over flood control projects (28 May 2026)
  2. Philstar — Jinggoy Estrada ordered arrested for plunder (1 Jun 2026)
  3. Manila Bulletin — anti-graft court orders arrests in the plunder case (1 Jun 2026)
Claim 6 clm-93faf163c46875dc quantitative
The MMDA says mountain rain gauges give roughly 90 minutes of warning before water levels rise in the Marikina and Pasig rivers
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The Inquirer reports the MMDA chairman saying the rehabilitated system warns at least an hour and a half before water levels rise in the Marikina and Pasig. The page does not open to automated reading, so no locator is given; coverage of the same March 2016 handover confirms the figure.
Caveat
An operator statement, not an independently measured figure — the entry says so.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Inquirer — Metro gets a tweaked early flood warning system (2016)
Claim 7 clm-07fbb6d8e6219089 quantitative
In January 2026 the acting justice secretary told the Senate that only 14 of the 421 flagged projects had been confirmed non-existent.
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
GMA News (19 January 2026): the acting justice secretary told the Senate blue ribbon committee that only 14 of the 421 projects initially flagged as ghost projects had been confirmed non-existent.
Caveat
The same hearing heard that the validation may have to restart because wrong grid coordinates were used, so neither 421 nor 14 is a settled count.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GMA News — 14 of 421 ghost flood control projects confirmed non-existent (19 Jan 2026)
Claim 8 clm-10e947e9ed7aaec8 quantitative
In September 2026 the anti-graft court dropped the former public works secretary as a co-accused so that he could testify as a state witness
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
SunStar (2 September 2026): the Sandiganbayan Fifth Division granted the Ombudsman's request to discharge former public works secretary Manuel Bonoan as a co-accused after he agreed to serve as a state witness, and recalled his arrest warrant.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SunStar — Sandiganbayan discharges Bonoan as co-accused (2 Sep 2026)
Claim 9 clm-bdcd1bdd34711912 descriptive
the senator and the three other accused remained in detention
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
SunStar (2 September 2026): Estrada and the three other accused were detained at the Quezon City Jail at the time of the ruling.
Caveat
A detention status as of early September 2026; the plunder trial was pending and no verdict had been reached.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SunStar — Sandiganbayan discharges Bonoan as co-accused (2 Sep 2026)
Claim 10 clm-b28fe7030bc64a76 descriptive
Metro Manila measures its floods in public, minute by minute, while the works those measurements warn about became one of the country's biggest corruption scandals
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The PAGASA dashboard publishes the basin's river levels live; SunStar calls the flood-control affair one of the biggest corruption controversies of 2025, and GMA News reports the plunder case it produced.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. PAGASA — Pasig-Marikina-Tullahan flood forecasting and warning system (water level)
  2. SunStar — timeline of the flood control scandal
  3. GMA News — Ombudsman files plunder and graft cases over flood control projects (28 May 2026)
Forensic record — source dossiers, gaps, hashes and the exact revision this page renders

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-10-13-deep-run effective 2026-10-11 · created 2026-10-13

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:c0311af2b81ac11af62a9aca9fe32bd0194d55f142a297822193d16e06c1564c
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
10
of 10 claims mapped
13
source dossiers
10
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (EFCOS unit), with PAGASA publishing the readings
Actor types
regional-government, national-government
Funding model
mixed
Funding description
Japanese development aid for the telemetry and its 2014-2016 restoration; MMDA operating budget
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

13 source dossiers

PAGASA — Pasig-Marikina-Tullahan flood forecasting and warning system (water level) pasig-marikina-tullahanffws.pagasa.dost.gov.ph · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-84ac08de89a28c6b
Publisher
Name not classified · pasig-marikina-tullahanffws.pagasa.dost.gov.ph
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Live dashboard of the Pasig-Marikina-Tullahan flood forecasting and warning system: real-time river levels for the Marikina, Pasig and Tullahan with alert, alarm and critical elevation columns and a legend distinguishing PAGASA stations from MMDA stations. A continuously updated page, so it carries no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Official Gazette — MMDA flood reduction measures in Metro Manila officialgazette.gov.ph · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-cafa7999c0b865ca
Publisher
Name not classified · officialgazette.gov.ph
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2010-09-27
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Government briefing establishing that EFCOS is designed for operating the Manggahan Floodway and the Napindan Hydraulic Control Structure, fed by telemetered observation stations with units at the public works central office, PAGASA, Napindan and Rosario, plus warning posts along the floodway.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Inquirer — Metro gets a tweaked early flood warning system (2016) newsinfo.inquirer.net · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e61a10c60e4b1bce
Publisher
Name not classified · newsinfo.inquirer.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Reports the JICA-funded rehabilitation and the March 2016 turnover to the MMDA, the control base at Rosario Pumping Station in Pasig, and the MMDA's statement that the system warns at least an hour and a half before water levels rise.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Philstar — JICA hands over rehabilitated flood control project to MMDA (14 Mar 2016) philstar.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e27817efb111b251
Publisher
Name not classified · philstar.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2016-03-14
Updated
2016-05-16
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

JICA handed the rehabilitated EFCOS to the MMDA at Rosario Pumping Station after 15 months of repair under an October 2014 memorandum covering the telemetry and radio systems; Phase 1 was completed in 1993 for real-time rainfall and water-level collection across the Pasig-Marikina-Laguna Lake complex; the MMDA has 18 observation stations and nine warning posts along the Manggahan Floodway.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
De La Salle University — thesis on the Manggahan and Napindan control structures animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e57337c04525ea93
Publisher
Name not classified · animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Undergraduate thesis modelling the Manggahan and Napindan structures during Typhoon Ulysses; states that in real practice MMDA-EFCOS bases the gate controls of these structures on the Sto. Niño water level gauge station upstream of the Rosario weir.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
SunStar — timeline of the flood control scandal sunstar.com.ph · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-9422ae45f92d5d79
Publisher
Name not classified · sunstar.com.ph
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-10-29
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Dated chronology calling the scandal one of the biggest corruption controversies of 2025: the president ordered an audit of three years of flood-control projects on 28 July 2025; on 11 August 2025 he named 15 contractors holding over 100 billion pesos in contracts since 2022; Senate hearings opened 19 August 2025; an Independent Commission for Infrastructure was created by executive order on 11 September 2025.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Rappler — at least 421 ghost flood control projects uncovered nationwide (9 Oct 2025) rappler.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-323d75a01dcae344
Publisher
Name not classified · rappler.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-10-09
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Reports the public works secretary's 9 October 2025 announcement that validation of about 8,000 flood-control projects with security and planning agencies flagged 421 as non-existent, with many more still to be validated.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Philstar — 421 flood control projects found to be ghosts (9 Oct 2025) philstar.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-563c8abfd3aa72e6
Publisher
Name not classified · philstar.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-10-09
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Same announcement: the public works department said it found 421 ghost flood-control projects out of the 8,000 it investigated with the armed forces, the defence department and the planning department, and the secretary stressed these were initial figures, with around 100,000 projects still to be validated.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
GMA News — 14 of 421 ghost flood control projects confirmed non-existent (19 Jan 2026) gmanetwork.com · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-b1972d487c57e979
Publisher
Name not classified · gmanetwork.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-01-19
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The acting justice secretary told a Senate hearing that only 14 of the 421 projects initially flagged as ghosts had been confirmed non-existent and that the department was not yet convinced about the others; a public works undersecretary said the validation might have to restart after wrong grid coordinates were used.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
GMA News — Ombudsman files plunder and graft cases over flood control projects (28 May 2026) gmanetwork.com · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-9067a22c35d4ec2d
Publisher
Name not classified · gmanetwork.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-05-28
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The Ombudsman filed one plunder and two graft cases against Senator Jinggoy Estrada over alleged kickbacks of over 573 million pesos tied to budget insertions in the fiscal 2025 public works portfolio; the former public works secretary, two DPWH National Capital Region district engineers and an assistant district engineer are on the charge sheet. Charges only; no conviction.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Manila Bulletin — anti-graft court orders arrests in the plunder case (1 Jun 2026) mb.com.ph · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-269df8a693044748
Publisher
Name not classified · mb.com.ph
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-06-01
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The anti-graft court found probable cause and ordered arrests in the plunder case on 1 June 2026, with no bail set.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Philstar — Jinggoy Estrada ordered arrested for plunder (1 Jun 2026) philstar.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-675bc300bdb9b386
Publisher
Name not classified · philstar.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-06-01
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The anti-graft court's Fifth Division issued a plunder arrest warrant on 1 June 2026 against the senator, the former public works secretary and three DPWH engineers, days after he posted bail on a separate graft charge.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
SunStar — Sandiganbayan discharges Bonoan as co-accused (2 Sep 2026) sunstar.com.ph · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-2603bd037dd83602
Publisher
Name not classified · sunstar.com.ph
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-09-02
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-11
Dossier created
2026-10-13
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The anti-graft court granted the Ombudsman's request to discharge the former public works secretary as a co-accused so he could serve as a state witness, and recalled his arrest warrant; the senator and the three other accused were detained at the Quezon City Jail.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.

Continue exploring

Compare this project

🇹🇭 Bangkok Flood Control Centre: Drainage Telemetry & Street-Level Forecasting · Bangkok The same crewed reflex: Bangkok forecasts flood depth and still starts its pumps by hand; Manila's crews open floodway gates on a gauge. 🇯🇵 Tsunami-Alert Automatic Tide Gate Closure · Osaka Osaka's gates shut themselves on a national alert; Manila's crews decide how many Manggahan gates to open against an upstream gauge. 🇰🇷 Busan Urban Flood Warning System (Busan Safety ON) · Busan Busan's portal warns and stops there; Manila's telemetry publishes the same live thresholds, then crews act on them at the floodway.

Explore the wider context

📟 A Reading Is Not a Decision📖 Flood early-warning system📖 Automated speed enforcement (speed cameras)📖 District metering area (DMA)
📎 Cite this project

1001 Smart Cities (2026). “EFCOS: Metro Manila's Flood Telemetry and Floodway Gates” — Manila, Philippines. The Smart City Atlas. https://1001smartcities.org/projects/manila-flood-monitoring/ (last verified 2026-10-11). Data: CC BY 4.0.

The underlying data is free to reuse with attribution — see the open data page.

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