1001 Smart Cities
🇭🇰 Hong Kong

Water Intelligent Network (WIN) Leak Monitoring

🤖 AI-generated summary of the sources below · 🔎 Last verified · ◆ 10 sourced claims, none individually verified yet

This overview was generated with AI from the public sources listed below and checked against them before publication. It has not had a complete human fact-check — treat it as a starting point and follow the sources.

How this atlas is made · What “last verified” means · What “source-checked” means · The full record behind this page

✎ Corrected 27 Aug 2026 Publication date recorded for 4 sources. What changed →

Since 2015 the Water Supplies Department has divided Hong Kong's freshwater network into about 2,400 District Metering Areas, each fitted with flow and pressure sensors feeding a central analytics system that pinpoints leaks and manages pressure. All 2,400 zones were completed by March 2025, covering about 80% of the fresh water distribution network; trunk mains and the remaining distribution mains are being added in phases. Overall mains leakage fell from over 25% (2000) to 13.4% (2024), and the department's stated target is to bring the leakage rate of government water mains, about 15% in 2017, below 10% by 2030.

Live 📅 since 2015
Outcome🎯 Succeeded
Evidence🏛️ Official
what does this mean?The strongest source is the operator's or the city's own reporting — an official report, dataset or press release. It grades who did the looking — not how well the project went. All four grades →
Run byWater Supplies Department, HKSAR
Scale🏙️ City-wide

📊 Impact

Mains leakage cut from over 25% (2000) to 13.4% (2024) and annual water-main bursts from around 2,500 (2000) to 27 (2024); all 2,400 DMAs completed by March 2025, covering about 80% of the fresh water distribution network.

🎓 Lesson

The headline decline is real and the attribution is not clean: the leakage rate started falling in 2000, when the department replaced and rehabilitated about 3,000 km of aged mains in a programme that ran until 2015 — the year the sensor network began. WIN inherited a network that had just been rebuilt, and no published analysis separates what the pipes did from what the metering did. Two other things are worth reading off the same answer: the network still covers only about 80% of fresh water distribution mains, and the 10%-by-2030 target is set against a different measure (government water mains, about 15% in 2017) than the 13.4% usually quoted.

🌱 EnvironmentWaterSensors & IoT

Sources

↗ Water Supplies Department, WIN page (authority)Updated 17 June 2025A standing project page that carries no publication date. The page carries no publication date, only a last revision date of 17 June 2025.
↗ info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)Leakage-rate figures and DMA completion; mains-burst prevention measures.
↗ Development Bureau, 'My Blog: Water Intelligent Network' (authority)An undated departmental blog entry; it describes the state of the rollout at more than 1,300 DMAs. The page states no publication date.
↗ Water Supplies Department, Total Water Management review — containing fresh water demand growth (authority)A standing strategy page that carries no publication date; source for the leakage-rate target. The page states no publication date.
Show your work What this page rests on and what it can’t tell you · all 10 claims with their sources · the forensic record

Evidence Passport · public beta 10 addressable claims, 4 source dossiers, one permanent baseline. The passport is unreviewed — an AI-assisted structural migration, not a human or expert endorsement. Every revision keeps a permanent copy under revision history.

Inspect the claims, one by one — verbatim text, sources and caveats for all 10

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-cc3fb9ab72f31fc9 quantitative
Since 2015 the Water Supplies Department has divided Hong Kong's freshwater network into about 2,400 District Metering Areas
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The 14 May 2025 legislative answer says that since 2015 the department has implemented multi-pronged measures through establishing WIN, and both it and the WSD project page give about 2,400 district metering areas.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)
  2. Water Supplies Department, WIN page (authority)
Claim 2 clm-63a9c501a03c90dd descriptive
each fitted with flow and pressure sensors feeding a central analytics system that pinpoints leaks and manages pressure
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The departmental blog describes monitoring and sensing equipment in each DMA collecting flow and pressure data for a computer system that continuously monitors leakage; the project page describes the same arrangement for DMAs and associated pressure management areas.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Development Bureau, 'My Blog: Water Intelligent Network' (authority)
  2. Water Supplies Department, WIN page (authority)
Claim 3 clm-67219a87052d1212 quantitative
All 2,400 zones were completed by March 2025, covering about 80% of the fresh water distribution network; trunk mains and the remaining distribution mains are being added in phases
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The legislative answer states that by the end of March 2025 all 2,400 DMAs were established, that WIN covers approximately 80 per cent of the fresh water distribution networks, and that the monitoring area is being expanded in phases to trunk mains and the remaining 20 per cent.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)
Claim 4 clm-829216dbba705faf quantitative
Overall mains leakage fell from over 25% (2000) to 13.4% (2024)
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The legislative answer states the leakage rate of fresh water mains dropped from over 25 per cent in 2000 to around 13.4 per cent in 2024.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)
Claim 5 clm-cf525ddfc390ca3b quantitative
the department's stated target is to bring the leakage rate of government water mains, about 15% in 2017, below 10% by 2030
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The department's Total Water Management review page states the aim of reducing the leakage rate of government water mains from about 15% in 2017 to below 10% by 2030.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Water Supplies Department, Total Water Management review — containing fresh water demand growth (authority)
Claim 6 clm-7cd105de767b6e3a quantitative
Mains leakage cut from over 25% (2000) to 13.4% (2024) and annual water-main bursts from around 2,500 (2000) to 27 (2024)
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The legislative answer gives both series: bursts from around 2,500 cases in 2000 to around 40 in 2023 and 27 in 2024, and leakage from over 25 per cent to around 13.4 per cent.
Caveat
Both series begin in 2000, fifteen years before the sensor network; no source separates the effect of WIN from that of the mains replacement programme.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)
Claim 7 clm-ed53e183cbb9c909 quantitative
all 2,400 DMAs completed by March 2025, covering about 80% of the fresh water distribution network
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Same answer: completion by the end of March 2025 and coverage of approximately 80 per cent.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)
Claim 8 clm-189acd4a9b9521f6 quantitative
the leakage rate started falling in 2000, when the department replaced and rehabilitated about 3,000 km of aged mains in a programme that ran until 2015 — the year the sensor network began
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The same answer describes a territory-wide replacement and rehabilitation programme covering about 3,000 km of aged mains from 2000 to 2015, immediately before the WIN measures that started in 2015.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)
Claim 9 clm-e52239a40911a7a3 quantitative
the network still covers only about 80% of fresh water distribution mains
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The legislative answer states the coverage explicitly and describes the remaining 20 per cent as a phased expansion.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)
Claim 10 clm-fe6b79293f4f4fcb quantitative
the 10%-by-2030 target is set against a different measure (government water mains, about 15% in 2017) than the 13.4% usually quoted
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The strategy page states the target against government water mains at about 15% in 2017; the legislative answer gives 13.4% for fresh water mains in 2024. The two figures describe different sets of pipes.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Water Supplies Department, Total Water Management review — containing fresh water demand growth (authority)
  2. info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)
Forensic record — source dossiers, gaps, hashes and the exact revision this page renders

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-27-source-dating effective 2026-07-17 · created 2026-08-27

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:d7b64735d54f34222ea59360d3386843bc3b52616e87a789501929ae319468c0
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
10
of 10 claims mapped
4
source dossiers
1
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Water Supplies Department, HKSAR
Actor types
utility
Funding model
utility
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

4 source dossiers

Water Supplies Department, WIN page (authority) wsd.gov.hk · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-45efefba17fd9fb5
Publisher
Name not classified · wsd.gov.hk
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
2025-06-17
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-17
Dossier created
2026-08-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

A standing project page that carries no publication date. The page carries no publication date, only a last revision date of 17 June 2025.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority) info.gov.hk · 8 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-0c67dc3c487d38bb
Publisher
Name not classified · info.gov.hk
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-05-14
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-17
Dossier created
2026-08-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Leakage-rate figures and DMA completion; mains-burst prevention measures.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Development Bureau, 'My Blog: Water Intelligent Network' (authority) devb.gov.hk · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-b2cb6550769f7f45
Publisher
Name not classified · devb.gov.hk
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-17
Dossier created
2026-08-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

An undated departmental blog entry; it describes the state of the rollout at more than 1,300 DMAs. The page states no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Water Supplies Department, Total Water Management review — containing fresh water demand growth (authority) wsd.gov.hk · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e3675219f7c3dc0c
Publisher
Name not classified · wsd.gov.hk
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-17
Dossier created
2026-08-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

A standing strategy page that carries no publication date; source for the leakage-rate target. The page states no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.

Continue exploring

Compare this project

🇸🇬 PUB Smart Water Grid & Leak-Detection Sensor Network · Singapore Direct peer — both meter an island network into sensor zones for leak detection; Singapore near 5% loss, Hong Kong down to 13.4%. 🇮🇳 BWSSB AI & Robotic Leak-Detection Pilot · Bengaluru Both use acoustic sensors to pinpoint underground leaks; Hong Kong runs 2,400 metering zones citywide, Bengaluru is piloting the tech. 🇪🇸 Smart Water Network: Metering and AI Failure Prediction · Barcelona Two AI water networks: Barcelona's REPIPE model (2023-) predicts pipe failure risk, Hong Kong focuses on real-time monitoring.

Explore the wider context

📟 A Reading Is Not a Decision💧 Water guide🏙️ Hong Kong city profile🌱 Environment projects📖 District metering area (DMA)📖 Non-revenue water (NRW)📖 Prepaid metering
📎 Cite this project

1001 Smart Cities (2026). “Water Intelligent Network (WIN) Leak Monitoring” — Hong Kong, Hong Kong. The Smart City Atlas. https://1001smartcities.org/projects/hongkong-water-intelligent-network/ (last verified 2026-07-17). Data: CC BY 4.0.

The underlying data is free to reuse with attribution — see the open data page.

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