{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "hongkong-water-intelligent-network",
  "title": "Water Intelligent Network (WIN) Leak Monitoring",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/hongkong-water-intelligent-network/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-source-dating",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T03:40:49Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-17",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
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    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2015,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
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     "operator": "Water Supplies Department, HKSAR",
     "actorTypes": [
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     ],
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     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-cc3fb9ab72f31fc9",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 2015 the Water Supplies Department has divided Hong Kong's freshwater network into about 2,400 District Metering Areas",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0c67dc3c487d38bb",
       "src-45efefba17fd9fb5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The 14 May 2025 legislative answer says that since 2015 the department has implemented multi-pronged measures through establishing WIN, and both it and the WSD project page give about 2,400 district metering areas.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-63a9c501a03c90dd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "each fitted with flow and pressure sensors feeding a central analytics system that pinpoints leaks and manages pressure",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-45efefba17fd9fb5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The departmental blog describes monitoring and sensing equipment in each DMA collecting flow and pressure data for a computer system that continuously monitors leakage; the project page describes the same arrangement for DMAs and associated pressure management areas.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-67219a87052d1212",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "All 2,400 zones were completed by March 2025, covering about 80% of the fresh water distribution network; trunk mains and the remaining distribution mains are being added in phases",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The legislative answer states that by the end of March 2025 all 2,400 DMAs were established, that WIN covers approximately 80 per cent of the fresh water distribution networks, and that the monitoring area is being expanded in phases to trunk mains and the remaining 20 per cent.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Overall mains leakage fell from over 25% (2000) to 13.4% (2024)",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      ],
      "supportNote": "The legislative answer states the leakage rate of fresh water mains dropped from over 25 per cent in 2000 to around 13.4 per cent in 2024.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "id": "clm-cf525ddfc390ca3b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the department's stated target is to bring the leakage rate of government water mains, about 15% in 2017, below 10% by 2030",
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      "supportNote": "The department's Total Water Management review page states the aim of reducing the leakage rate of government water mains from about 15% in 2017 to below 10% by 2030.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-7cd105de767b6e3a",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Mains leakage cut from over 25% (2000) to 13.4% (2024) and annual water-main bursts from around 2,500 (2000) to 27 (2024)",
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      "supportNote": "The legislative answer gives both series: bursts from around 2,500 cases in 2000 to around 40 in 2023 and 27 in 2024, and leakage from over 25 per cent to around 13.4 per cent.",
      "caveat": "Both series begin in 2000, fifteen years before the sensor network; no source separates the effect of WIN from that of the mains replacement programme.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "all 2,400 DMAs completed by March 2025, covering about 80% of the fresh water distribution network",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Same answer: completion by the end of March 2025 and coverage of approximately 80 per cent.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-189acd4a9b9521f6",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the leakage rate started falling in 2000, when the department replaced and rehabilitated about 3,000 km of aged mains in a programme that ran until 2015 — the year the sensor network began",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The same answer describes a territory-wide replacement and rehabilitation programme covering about 3,000 km of aged mains from 2000 to 2015, immediately before the WIN measures that started in 2015.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-e52239a40911a7a3",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the network still covers only about 80% of fresh water distribution mains",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The legislative answer states the coverage explicitly and describes the remaining 20 per cent as a phased expansion.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-fe6b79293f4f4fcb",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the 10%-by-2030 target is set against a different measure (government water mains, about 15% in 2017) than the 13.4% usually quoted",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "The strategy page states the target against government water mains at about 15% in 2017; the legislative answer gives 13.4% for fresh water mains in 2024. The two figures describe different sets of pipes.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "src-45efefba17fd9fb5",
      "title": "Water Supplies Department, WIN page (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.wsd.gov.hk/en/core-businesses/major-infrastructure-projects/water-intelligent-network-win/index.html",
      "publisher": {
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-17",
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       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-0c67dc3c487d38bb",
      "title": "info.gov.hk LCQ12, 14 May 2025 (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202505/14/P2025051400483.htm",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "info.gov.hk",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "clm-ed53e183cbb9c909",
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      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-05-14",
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       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-17",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-02",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Leakage-rate figures and DMA completion; mains-burst prevention measures.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-b2cb6550769f7f45",
      "title": "Development Bureau, 'My Blog: Water Intelligent Network' (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.devb.gov.hk/en/home/my_blog/index_id_413.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "devb.gov.hk",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "An undated departmental blog entry; it describes the state of the rollout at more than 1,300 DMAs.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "archivedAt": null,
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-e3675219f7c3dc0c",
      "title": "Water Supplies Department, Total Water Management review — containing fresh water demand growth (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.wsd.gov.hk/en/core-businesses/total-water-management-strategy/twm-review/containing-fresh-water-demand-growth/index.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "wsd.gov.hk",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-17",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-02",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "A standing strategy page that carries no publication date; source for the leakage-rate target.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 10,
     "claimsMapped": 10,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-source-dating",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T13:37:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-17",
   "changeType": "correction",
   "summary": "Every source on this entry now carries a date key: a publication date where the publisher states one, otherwise an explicit null with the reason on the record.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
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    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
    },
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/sources",
     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:d7b64735d54f34222ea59360d3386843bc3b52616e87a789501929ae319468c0",
   "snapshot": {
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    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:a05dc5a2c4eb57cb5bc65bbc7b9fcee003d0433d569831bf4a83f94c13a264d1",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
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      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
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    },
    "projectState": {
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     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
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     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Water Supplies Department, HKSAR",
     "actorTypes": [
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     "fundingModel": "utility",
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     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-cc3fb9ab72f31fc9",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 2015 the Water Supplies Department has divided Hong Kong's freshwater network into about 2,400 District Metering Areas",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0c67dc3c487d38bb",
       "src-45efefba17fd9fb5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The 14 May 2025 legislative answer says that since 2015 the department has implemented multi-pronged measures through establishing WIN, and both it and the WSD project page give about 2,400 district metering areas.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-63a9c501a03c90dd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "each fitted with flow and pressure sensors feeding a central analytics system that pinpoints leaks and manages pressure",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-b2cb6550769f7f45",
       "src-45efefba17fd9fb5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The departmental blog describes monitoring and sensing equipment in each DMA collecting flow and pressure data for a computer system that continuously monitors leakage; the project page describes the same arrangement for DMAs and associated pressure management areas.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-67219a87052d1212",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "All 2,400 zones were completed by March 2025, covering about 80% of the fresh water distribution network; trunk mains and the remaining distribution mains are being added in phases",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0c67dc3c487d38bb"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The legislative answer states that by the end of March 2025 all 2,400 DMAs were established, that WIN covers approximately 80 per cent of the fresh water distribution networks, and that the monitoring area is being expanded in phases to trunk mains and the remaining 20 per cent.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-829216dbba705faf",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Overall mains leakage fell from over 25% (2000) to 13.4% (2024)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0c67dc3c487d38bb"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The legislative answer states the leakage rate of fresh water mains dropped from over 25 per cent in 2000 to around 13.4 per cent in 2024.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-cf525ddfc390ca3b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the department's stated target is to bring the leakage rate of government water mains, about 15% in 2017, below 10% by 2030",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e3675219f7c3dc0c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The department's Total Water Management review page states the aim of reducing the leakage rate of government water mains from about 15% in 2017 to below 10% by 2030.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-7cd105de767b6e3a",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Mains leakage cut from over 25% (2000) to 13.4% (2024) and annual water-main bursts from around 2,500 (2000) to 27 (2024)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0c67dc3c487d38bb"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The legislative answer gives both series: bursts from around 2,500 cases in 2000 to around 40 in 2023 and 27 in 2024, and leakage from over 25 per cent to around 13.4 per cent.",
      "caveat": "Both series begin in 2000, fifteen years before the sensor network; no source separates the effect of WIN from that of the mains replacement programme.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-ed53e183cbb9c909",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "all 2,400 DMAs completed by March 2025, covering about 80% of the fresh water distribution network",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0c67dc3c487d38bb"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Same answer: completion by the end of March 2025 and coverage of approximately 80 per cent.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-189acd4a9b9521f6",
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      "text": "the leakage rate started falling in 2000, when the department replaced and rehabilitated about 3,000 km of aged mains in a programme that ran until 2015 — the year the sensor network began",
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      "interpretation": {
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       "interpolation": false,
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     },
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      "text": "the network still covers only about 80% of fresh water distribution mains",
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      "text": "the 10%-by-2030 target is set against a different measure (government water mains, about 15% in 2017) than the 13.4% usually quoted",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "publisher": {
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Leakage-rate figures and DMA completion; mains-burst prevention measures.",
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      },
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
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      "locator": {
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       "value": "An undated departmental blog entry; it describes the state of the rollout at more than 1,300 DMAs. The page states no publication date.",
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     },
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      },
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    ],
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     "claimsTotal": 10,
     "claimsMapped": 10,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}