1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Capital Bikeshare: a bike share owned by eight local governments

Revision 2026-11-04-evidence-baseline · effective 2026-11-03

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 11 source dossiers.

sha256:b35d347bee1423cbc9dbc64c618a3c40a15b782ba02e5f80f1d608aa351a894f
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
17
of 17 claims mapped
11
source dossiers
5
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-40d5ef79b815118d descriptive
Eight local governments in the District, Maryland and Virginia jointly own Capital Bikeshare
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The District's release puts the system across eight jurisdictions in DC, Maryland and Virginia and calls it municipality-owned; DDOT's 2026 release names the District and seven other member jurisdictions.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Executive Office of the Mayor — 15th anniversary of Capital Bikeshare (Sept 2025)
  2. DDOT — The District awards Lyft contract for next five years of Capital Bikeshare operations (21 Sept 2026)
Claim 2 clm-a6ea614365f0c802 descriptive
each pays for its own stations and expands on its own budget
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Alexandria funds its own new equipment, and Fairfax County announces its own station expansion.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. City of Alexandria — Capital Bikeshare
  2. Fairfax County DOT — bikeshare network expansion (2026)
Claim 3 clm-f41d7ddfe24533fa descriptive
Lyft runs the whole network under contract
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The District states the programme is administered by DDOT through a contract with Lyft, renewed for five years in September 2026.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Executive Office of the Mayor — 15th anniversary of Capital Bikeshare (Sept 2025)
  2. DDOT — The District awards Lyft contract for next five years of Capital Bikeshare operations (21 Sept 2026)
Claim 4 clm-13507a31918fe199 descriptive
a rider crosses state lines without noticing
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Montgomery County describes its stations as connecting riders to bikes across the Maryland and Virginia counties and the District in one regional system.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Montgomery County DOT — Bikesharing in Montgomery County
Claim 5 clm-915cb1c5a2627580 quantitative
It replaced SmartBike DC, a 2008 pilot of 120 bikes paid for with advertising rights
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The encyclopaedia gives the August 2008 start with 120 bicycles; the former DDOT director explains that SmartBike was operated by Clear Channel as one component of its bus-shelter advertising contract.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SmartBike DC (Wikipedia)
  2. Governing / GovTech — How Washington, D.C.'s broken bikeshare program became a national leader
Claim 6 clm-58261aeebd0d572f quantitative
which drew 1,696 subscribers before closing in January 2011
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The encyclopaedia, citing Washington City Paper, gives 1,696 subscribers and the January 2011 closure.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SmartBike DC (Wikipedia)
Claim 7 clm-df0879327902f207 quantitative
Since opening in September 2010 with 49 stations, the system has passed 50 million trips
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The District's anniversary release gives the opening date, the 49 starting stations and more than 50 million trips to date.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Executive Office of the Mayor — 15th anniversary of Capital Bikeshare (Sept 2025)
Claim 8 clm-5141cb0d84e0d9b7 quantitative
e-bikes now account for over 60 percent of rides
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The September 2025 release states e-bikes represent more than 60 percent of rides.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Executive Office of the Mayor — 15th anniversary of Capital Bikeshare (Sept 2025)
Claim 9 clm-9be0df6ff293d1e9 descriptive
the licence names the member jurisdictions, not the operator, as owner of the data
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The data licence states that the member jurisdictions own all right, title and interest in the data, while the operator only grants the licence.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Capital Bikeshare — Data License Agreement
Claim 10 clm-54d9641b9aa24e88 quantitative
A peer-reviewed study estimated that the availability of a bikeshare reduces traffic congestion upwards of 4% within a neighborhood, with the effect concentrated in highly congested areas
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The study estimates a causal effect of Capital Bikeshare on neighbourhood traffic congestion and finds the reduction concentrated where congestion is highest.
Caveat
The estimate covers neighbourhood-level congestion in the system's early years, not its effect today or on the region's traffic as a whole.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Hamilton & Wichman — Bicycle infrastructure and traffic congestion: Evidence from DC's Capital Bikeshare (Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, peer-reviewed, 2018)
Claim 11 clm-420f85626b4d2102 quantitative
more than 50 million trips since 2010, from 49 stations and 400 bikes to over 800 stations and 8,000 bikes across eight jurisdictions
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The District's release gives the trip total and the growth from 49 stations and 400 bikes to more than 800 stations and 8,000 bikes.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Executive Office of the Mayor — 15th anniversary of Capital Bikeshare (Sept 2025)
Claim 12 clm-484d30b7aa084e9f quantitative
e-bikes over 60 percent of rides (District of Columbia government figures, September 2025)
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Same release, dated 19 September 2025.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Executive Office of the Mayor — 15th anniversary of Capital Bikeshare (Sept 2025)
Claim 13 clm-6cfa0daa243122a1 quantitative
Fairfax County began installing 27 new stations in May 2026, its largest single expansion
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The county announces 27 new stations, the largest expansion in its programme's history, with installation beginning in May 2026.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Fairfax County DOT — bikeshare network expansion (2026)
Claim 14 clm-1752e5206ddac282 descriptive
kept one seamless system alive across two state lines
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The system spans jurisdictions in DC, Maryland and Virginia as one regional network.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Executive Office of the Mayor — 15th anniversary of Capital Bikeshare (Sept 2025)
  2. Montgomery County DOT — Bikesharing in Montgomery County
Claim 15 clm-1be81a0bb7de9af8 descriptive
let a suburb expand without asking the central city
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Fairfax County plans and announces its own expansion of stations in the county.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Fairfax County DOT — bikeshare network expansion (2026)
Claim 16 clm-3cf9837abb7528c4 descriptive
the network only grows as fast as each government's own capital budget
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Alexandria states that its new equipment is paid for through federal grants and developer contributions it secures itself.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. City of Alexandria — Capital Bikeshare
Claim 17 clm-d71634def2e5465e descriptive
even the operating contract is awarded on behalf of a regional partnership rather than by one owner
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
DDOT awarded the 2026 operations contract on behalf of the Capital Bikeshare regional partnership.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. DDOT — The District awards Lyft contract for next five years of Capital Bikeshare operations (21 Sept 2026)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-11-04-evidence-baseline effective 2026-11-03 · created 2026-11-04

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:b35d347bee1423cbc9dbc64c618a3c40a15b782ba02e5f80f1d608aa351a894f
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
17
of 17 claims mapped
11
source dossiers
5
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Lyft (formerly Motivate), under contract to the member jurisdictions; DDOT administers the District's share
Actor types
private, city-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
Federal grants and each jurisdiction's own capital budget, plus developer contributions; operations contracted to Lyft
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

11 source dossiers

Capital Bikeshare — Data License Agreement capitalbikeshare.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-5bf70401ae1503e2
Publisher
Name not classified · capitalbikeshare.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
2022-01-11
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Names the owner: 'The Member Jurisdictions own all right, title, and interest in the Data', while 'Bikeshare hereby grants to you a non-exclusive, royalty-free, limited, perpetual license'. Prohibits hosting or publishing 'the Data as a stand-alone dataset', 'data mining or other extraction methods', and correlating 'the Data with names, addresses, or other information of customers or Members'.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Executive Office of the Mayor — 15th anniversary of Capital Bikeshare (Sept 2025) mayor.dc.gov · 7 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-07399b16457f7582
Publisher
Name not classified · mayor.dc.gov
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-09-19
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

'To date, riders have taken more than 50 million trips.' 'Starting with 49 stations and 400 bikes ... the system has grown to more than 800 stations and 8,000 bikes across eight jurisdictions in DC, Maryland, and Virginia.' 'E-bikes, introduced in 2018, now represent more than 60% of rides.' The same release's claim that it 'remains the largest municipality-owned bikeshare in the United States' is a District government assertion and is deliberately not repeated in this entry.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Capital Bikeshare — new pricing effective 1 August 2025 capitalbikeshare.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-1b6a70aaf0c74662
Publisher
Name not classified · capitalbikeshare.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-06-30
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Operator's own posted rates: annual membership 'increases from $95 to $120', day pass '$8 to $10', 30-day '$20 to $25'; non-member classic 'from $0.05 to $0.15 per minute', non-member ebike 'from $0.15 to $0.35 per minute', member ebike 'from $0.10 to $0.15 per minute'. Capital Bikeshare for All stays at $5 a year with $40 monthly ride credit, its ebike rate rising 'from $0.00 to $0.10 per minute'.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Capital Bikeshare — pricing page capitalbikeshare.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-a0bafd97c36fc37d
Publisher
Name not classified · capitalbikeshare.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Current posted schedule: $1 unlock plus $0.15/min classic or $0.35/min ebike for single rides; annual membership $120 with '45 mins free, then $.05/min' on classic bikes and $0.15/min on ebikes; Capital Bikeshare for All at $5 a year for qualifying residents.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Montgomery County DOT — Bikesharing in Montgomery County montgomerycountymd.gov · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-8d56373d30c2caf9
Publisher
Name not classified · montgomerycountymd.gov
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

A member jurisdiction describing its own share: 'As a member of the regional Capital Bikeshare system, County bikeshare stations connect riders to thousands of bikes throughout Montgomery, Prince George's, Arlington and Fairfax counties, Alexandria, Va., Washington, D.C., and the city of Falls Church, Va.' The county lists 77 of its own stations.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
City of Alexandria — Capital Bikeshare alexandriava.gov · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-427c47d152f43aa4
Publisher
Name not classified · alexandriava.gov
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
2026-05-18
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

'There are 72 stations (and counting!) in Alexandria' out of 'over 800 across the DC metropolitan area'; on how the city pays for its share: 'All new equipment is funded through Federal grants and developer contributions.' Also states Capital Bikeshare for All costs '$5 per year' with eligibility via SNAP, WIC, TANF, SSI/SSDI, Medicaid or the low-income energy assistance program.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Fairfax County DOT — bikeshare network expansion (2026) fairfaxcounty.gov · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-d8f77c01095cc21f
Publisher
Name not classified · fairfaxcounty.gov
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-04-30
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Evidence that expansion is decided jurisdiction by jurisdiction: '27 new stations – the largest expansion in the program's history – scheduled for installation beginning in early May.' 'With this expansion, Fairfax County will have more than 100 stations across the county, including stations at all 13 Metrorail stations in the county.'

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Governing / GovTech — How Washington, D.C.'s broken bikeshare program became a national leader govtech.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-eab79b04a82dbc9b
Publisher
Name not classified · govtech.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2015-10-19
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

On why the advertising-funded predecessor failed, from then-DDOT director Gabe Klein: 'one line at the end of our agreement outlined the private partner's lackluster commitment' — Clear Channel, by then owned by Bain Capital, treated the docks as 'municipal street furniture', and the contract obliged no expansion. Contrasts this with the publicly owned successor, whose capital came largely from federal Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality funds.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
SmartBike DC (Wikipedia) en.wikipedia.org · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-d02721acda55f4d4
Publisher
Name not classified · en.wikipedia.org
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Used only for the pilot's size and end date: 'implemented in August 2008 with 120 bicycles and 10 automated rental locations'; 'a total of only 1,696 SmartBike subscribers'; it 'officially ceased operations in January 2011'. Its 'first of its kind in North America' line is not repeated in this entry, as no primary source states it.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Hamilton & Wichman — Bicycle infrastructure and traffic congestion: Evidence from DC's Capital Bikeshare (Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, peer-reviewed, 2018) scholarship.richmond.edu · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-70b451c87b8722b2
Publisher
Name not classified · scholarship.richmond.edu
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Peer-reviewed study (post-print in the University of Richmond repository; DOI 10.1016/j.jeem.2017.03.007) estimating a causal effect of Capital Bikeshare on neighbourhood traffic congestion: 'the availability of a bikeshare reduces traffic congestion upwards of 4% within a neighborhood', with the effect 'concentrated in highly congested areas'.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
DDOT — The District awards Lyft contract for next five years of Capital Bikeshare operations (21 Sept 2026) content.govdelivery.com · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e5a33685733f506d
Publisher
Name not classified · content.govdelivery.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-09-21
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

DDOT release: on behalf of the Capital Bikeshare regional partnership it awarded Lyft a new five-year operations and maintenance contract; the operator's general manager says Lyft runs the system 'on behalf of the District and 7 other Member Jurisdictions'. In 2025 the system passed 6 million trips and reached 820 stations; it passed 850 stations in June 2026.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.