1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

LUUP Shared E-Scooters & E-Assist Bikes

Revision 2026-08-27-claims-and-sources · effective 2026-08-27

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-27-source-dating →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 7 claims and 4 source dossiers.

sha256:8ec2bba97a36a9cf04a3e2fe33c7919c43f35926d206b9fcb43c3ba37cfa84e5
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
7
of 7 claims mapped
4
source dossiers
3
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-d860db6a794a197e quantitative
LUUP's app-unlocked electric kick-scooters and e-assist bikes now cover all 23 Tokyo wards
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The operator's release of 5 February 2026 announces ports added in Edogawa, Katsushika and Adachi, completing coverage of all 23 Tokyo wards.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Luup, Inc. (operator) — ports added in Edogawa, Katsushika and Adachi, completing all 23 Tokyo wards (5 February 2026)
Claim 2 clm-dbec5de5fa1d4dba quantitative
part of a nationwide 'port' network the operator says passed 17,000 pickup points across 18 prefectures by April 2026
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The sixth-anniversary release records the service launching in May 2020 and more than 17,000 ports across 18 prefectures and 74 municipalities.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Luup, Inc. (operator) — sixth-anniversary release: 17,000+ ports across 18 prefectures (23 April 2026)
Claim 3 clm-44e22f61c8dc5bef quantitative
Riders 16+ need no licence under Japan's 2023 low-speed vehicle category
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The National Police Agency's rules for the 'specified small motorized bicycle' category created by the 2023 revision of the Road Traffic Act, which sets the minimum age at 16 and requires no driving licence.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. National Police Agency (government)
Claim 4 clm-f98d0b9481708169 quantitative
but a fatal Koto Ward collision in June 2026 has sharpened safety scrutiny of the fast-growing service
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
A 62-year-old LUUP rider died after colliding with a pedestrian at a Koto Ward intersection on 2 June 2026 — believed to be the first confirmed fatality involving a LUUP user on a Tokyo road — and the report describes renewed scrutiny of scooter services.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. News On Japan (press)
Claim 5 clm-6fdb93c03542ba58 quantitative
17,000+ pickup/drop-off ports across 18 prefectures and 6 million+ cumulative app downloads by April 2026, up from roughly 15,500 ports in November 2025
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The sixth-anniversary release gives the port count across 18 prefectures and 74 municipalities and more than six million cumulative app downloads.
Caveat
Ports and downloads are operator counts of supply and installs, not of rides taken.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Luup, Inc. (operator) — sixth-anniversary release: 17,000+ ports across 18 prefectures (23 April 2026)
Claim 6 clm-fc3e9ed638317101 quantitative
police-cited nationwide accident counts for this vehicle category rose from 219 to 367 in the year to mid-2026 — about 90% of them on rental vehicles and more than 70% of them in Tokyo
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
'Data from the Metropolitan Police Department show that accidents involving specified small motorized bicycles increased from 219 cases to 367 cases in a single year. Approximately 90% of those accidents involved rental vehicles, while more than 70% occurred in Tokyo.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. News On Japan (press)
Claim 7 clm-f3b76da5b656ba89 descriptive
about nine in ten of those accidents involved a rental vehicle, and more than seven in ten happened in Tokyo
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The same police figures: approximately 90% of the accidents involved rental vehicles and more than 70% occurred in Tokyo.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. News On Japan (press)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-27-claims-and-sources effective 2026-08-27 · created 2026-08-27

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

Erratum on this revision's envelope. The snapshot, its hash and its permanent link are untouched.

  • createdAt previously read 2026-08-31T11:00:00Z. The batching script that produced this revision advanced createdAt into the future to satisfy the strictly-increasing order the validator requires per entity. The value never recorded a real event; the corrected value is the moment the revision provably existed in the repository. Corrected to 2026-08-27T03:13:38Z on 2026-08-27; evidence: first appears in commit 7a13833ce6, committed 2026-08-27T03:13:38Z.
sha256:8ec2bba97a36a9cf04a3e2fe33c7919c43f35926d206b9fcb43c3ba37cfa84e5
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
7
of 7 claims mapped
4
source dossiers
3
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Luup, Inc.
Actor types
private
Funding model
private
Funding description
¥4.4bn (~$29M) equity-and-debt round raised November 2025, taking cumulative company funding to roughly ¥21.4bn (~$140M) — company-wide financing, not a Tokyo-specific subsidy.
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

4 source dossiers

Luup, Inc. (operator) — ports added in Edogawa, Katsushika and Adachi, completing all 23 Tokyo wards (5 February 2026) luup.sc · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-45937b3090f17e08
Publisher
Name not classified · luup.sc
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-02-05
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-27
Dossier created
2026-08-31
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Official Feb 9, 2026 release: ports added in Edogawa, Katsushika and Adachi, completing coverage of all 23 Tokyo wards.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Luup, Inc. (operator) — sixth-anniversary release: 17,000+ ports across 18 prefectures (23 April 2026) luup.sc · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-584b6850a3777f51
Publisher
Name not classified · luup.sc
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-04-23
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-27
Dossier created
2026-08-31
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Official 6th-anniversary release: service launched May 2020; 17,000+ ports across 18 prefectures/74 municipalities; 6 million cumulative app downloads.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
National Police Agency (government) npa.go.jp · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-2b24ed5f5dc8c7c8
Publisher
Name not classified · npa.go.jp
Type / language
pdf · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-27
Dossier created
2026-08-31
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Official rules for the 'specified small motorized bicycle' category created by the July 2023 Road Traffic Act revision — no licence required for riders 16+.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
News On Japan (press) newsonjapan.com · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-f66c044c0c31ca94
Publisher
Name not classified · newsonjapan.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-06-13
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-27
Dossier created
2026-08-31
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

News On Japan, 13 June 2026. A 62-year-old man riding a LUUP scooter died after colliding with a pedestrian at a Koto Ward intersection on 2 June 2026, believed to be the first confirmed fatality involving a LUUP user on a Tokyo road. Carries the Metropolitan Police Department figures the entry uses: accidents involving specified small motorized bicycles rose from 219 to 367 in a single year, about 90% of them on rental vehicles and more than 70% of them in Tokyo.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.