1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Tbilisi Paid Parking: From the C.T. Park Concession to City-Run Zonal Parking

Revision 2026-11-04-baseline · effective 2026-11-04

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 24 claims and 7 source dossiers.

sha256:a40427169824b7959b96f3af7374e294a173e4af3e50641752dfc8968c8c3fa8
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
24
of 24 claims mapped
7
source dossiers
7
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-480adaadedfe69a0 quantitative
a private firm, C.T. Park, won an exclusive municipal auction in November 2007
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report states that C.T. Park won the exclusive right to manage Tbilisi parking at a municipal auction in November 2007.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Messenger — Pay for your parking or pay a fine (21 Aug 2009)
Claim 2 clm-49ffb5d54fe21fb0 quantitative
From August 2009 drivers paid by the hour by mobile phone, scratch card or parking meter
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
C.T. Park's deputy operations manager, quoted in the 21 August 2009 report, says hourly payment by mobile phone, scratch card and parking meter starts that day.
Caveat
The start date is the operator's announcement as reported on that day.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Messenger — Pay for your parking or pay a fine (21 Aug 2009)
Claim 3 clm-e105f56e7a6307fa descriptive
the company issued the fines
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report says C.T. Park itself fines drivers who break the parking rules.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Messenger — Pay for your parking or pay a fine (21 Aug 2009)
Claim 4 clm-ee800cd445496fb4 quantitative
under its contract, 60% of the penalty total went to the city
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
FactCheck states the contract share of penalty revenue that went to City Hall.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. FactCheck Georgia — What Has Changed in Tbilisi's Parking System post-City Park Company
Claim 5 clm-852db61640802a76 quantitative
City Hall ended the deal on 10 April 2018, saying the company did not fulfil its obligations
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The mayor announced the annulment for 10 April and said the company does not fulfil its obligations properly.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Messenger — Tbilisi Mayors Office Suspends Contract with C.T. Park (14 Mar 2018)
Claim 6 clm-eb34dead7e68be40 descriptive
handed parking to the Tbilisi Transport Company
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
FactCheck names the Tbilisi Transport Company as operator from 10 April 2018.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. FactCheck Georgia — What Has Changed in Tbilisi's Parking System post-City Park Company
Claim 7 clm-641050b4bac0766c quantitative
Since 1 August 2019 the city has rolled out zonal hourly parking
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
JAMnews dates the zonal pilot to 1 August 2019.
Caveat
City Hall had announced the pilot for 1 July 2019; this entry uses the start date the later report gives.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. JAMnews — Avoid the fine – zonal parking returns to Tbilisi
Claim 8 clm-9c8af905ace399db descriptive
numbered bays paid through the Tbilisi Parking app or roadside machines
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The explainer describes bays marked with a zone letter and number, paid through the Tbilisi Parking app, and payment machines near the bays.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. JAMnews — Avoid the fine – zonal parking returns to Tbilisi
Claim 9 clm-770f4a64bd36e2f0 quantitative
free for residents within 100 metres
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The explainer lists free parking for residents within 100 metres of a zonal bay.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. JAMnews — Avoid the fine – zonal parking returns to Tbilisi
Claim 10 clm-fa41c449dfb39c44 quantitative
It began on one street, reached Saburtalo and Vake in 2020
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
JAMnews says the pilot covered one street, Kote Apkhazi, and spread to Saburtalo and Vake in 2020.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. JAMnews — Avoid the fine – zonal parking returns to Tbilisi
Claim 11 clm-3455709659316aae quantitative
added 1,340 spaces on new streets in August 2025
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The round-up reports zonal parking starting on new streets on 1 August 2025 with 1,340 spaces.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Commersant.ge — The changes to come into force in Georgia from today, August 1
Claim 12 clm-abc632ccdce0745a quantitative
City Hall's revenue from parking penalties averaged GEL 5,926,800 a year under City Park (2011–2017) and GEL 3,302,800 a year after the takeover
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
FactCheck gives both averages, drawn from Tbilisi Transport Company data; the post-takeover figure is introduced as 'an average of GEL 3,302,800 is paid to the Tbilisi budget annually'.
Caveat
The figures are averages over unequal periods; FactCheck does not state the exact post-takeover years.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. FactCheck Georgia — What Has Changed in Tbilisi's Parking System post-City Park Company
Claim 13 clm-602f91d08849a0ec descriptive
the city's company issued far fewer tickets
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
FactCheck's graph of annual tickets shows City Park issuing far more than the city's company.
Caveat
The ticket counts themselves are shown only in a chart.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. FactCheck Georgia — What Has Changed in Tbilisi's Parking System post-City Park Company
Claim 14 clm-cd576b9f01e31cba quantitative
Tbilisi had 28,898 designated parking spaces on 9 September 2022, down from 32,257 on 10 April 2018
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
JAMnews gives 28,898 designated spaces on 9 September 2022 and 32,257 on 10 April 2018.
Caveat
FactCheck, in May 2022, gave 29,257 spaces from budget execution reports.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. JAMnews (Georgian) — Fine for illegal parking in Tbilisi raised fivefold
Claim 15 clm-29c73d4da6c59942 descriptive
no underground parking had been built despite the city's pledges
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
FactCheck notes that no underground parking had been created, contrary to City Hall's pledges.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. FactCheck Georgia — What Has Changed in Tbilisi's Parking System post-City Park Company
Claim 16 clm-81650986c3c87e83 quantitative
In September 2022 Parliament approved a City Hall package raising the fine for illegal parking from 10 to 50 lari and ordering cars parked on pavements to be towed at once
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
JAMnews reports Parliament passing the City Hall package in the third reading: the fine for illegal parking rises from 10 to 50 lari and cars on pavements are towed immediately.
Caveat
The law took effect only after the President's signature.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. JAMnews (Georgian) — Fine for illegal parking in Tbilisi raised fivefold
Claim 17 clm-8907a1502f8fe517 descriptive
No source measures whether zonal pricing has eased congestion.
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
No listed source measures traffic or parking turnover before and after the zones; the JAMnews explainer states only the policy's aim of removing traffic jams.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. JAMnews — Avoid the fine – zonal parking returns to Tbilisi
Claim 18 clm-ebf90c1d4557d630 quantitative
In 2016 the mayor's office said it could not cancel the C.T. Park contract because, by Ernst & Young's estimate, ending it would cost 25 million lari
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The 2016 report attributes the 25 million lari cancellation cost to the mayor's office, citing Ernst & Young.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Messenger — Tbilisi City Council MPs demand suspension of agreement with C.T. Park (11 Nov 2016)
Claim 19 clm-15bee75ff5ac2206 quantitative
two city councillors replied that since August 2014 drivers had paid the company 62 million lari in fines, of which only 18 million reached the city budget
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The figures are the two councillors' own, as reported.
Caveat
These are the councillors' figures, not audited accounts.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Messenger — Tbilisi City Council MPs demand suspension of agreement with C.T. Park (11 Nov 2016)
Claim 21 clm-f0a36b631e3899e5 quantitative
2022 when the city terminated the deal in 2018, citing non-performance and saying no compensation was due
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The 2018 report gives the contract term as running to 2022 and quotes the deputy mayor saying no compensation was due because of the company's non-performance.
Caveat
The two reports state different expiry years for the same contract.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Messenger — Tbilisi Mayors Office Suspends Contract with C.T. Park (14 Mar 2018)
Claim 22 clm-6c2667ea19bee19a descriptive
Since the takeover the city has issued fewer tickets and collected less in fines.
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
FactCheck finds fewer tickets and lower penalty revenue after the Tbilisi Transport Company took over.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. FactCheck Georgia — What Has Changed in Tbilisi's Parking System post-City Park Company
Claim 23 clm-99649e9fff353b5b descriptive
Its stated aim is to reduce the role of cars
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The mayor states the goal of the city's transport policy when announcing the termination.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Messenger — Tbilisi Mayors Office Suspends Contract with C.T. Park (14 Mar 2018)
Claim 24 clm-3bf96f9478459690 descriptive
no source yet shows whether the zones have done that
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
No listed source evaluates the zones' effect on car use; the JAMnews explainer states the aim only.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. JAMnews — Avoid the fine – zonal parking returns to Tbilisi

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-11-04-baseline effective 2026-11-04 · created 2026-11-04

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:a40427169824b7959b96f3af7374e294a173e4af3e50641752dfc8968c8c3fa8
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
24
of 24 claims mapped
7
source dossiers
7
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Tbilisi Transport Company, which took over parking from the concessionaire C.T. Park (City Park) on 10 April 2018
Actor types
city-government, private
Funding model
public
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

7 source dossiers

The Messenger — Pay for your parking or pay a fine (21 Aug 2009) messenger.com.ge · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-951da60cb0c5901f
Publisher
Name not classified · messenger.com.ge
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2009-08-21
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-04
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Report on C.T. Park's rules: drivers pay by the hour by mobile phone, scratch card or parking meter, at 0.20, 0.50 or 1 lari an hour by zone, residents park free in their own area, and the company fines non-payment. It says the company won the exclusive right to manage Tbilisi parking at a municipal auction in November 2007.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Messenger — Tbilisi City Council MPs demand suspension of agreement with C.T. Park (11 Nov 2016) mail.messenger.com.ge · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-c63597666e9d6a6e
Publisher
Name not classified · mail.messenger.com.ge
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2016-11-11
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-04
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Two Tbilisi City Council members demand that the contract be suspended. The mayor's office says, citing Ernst & Young, that cancelling would cost it 25 million lari; the councillors say that since August 2014 drivers paid 62 million lari in fines to the company and 18 million reached the city budget, and that the contract runs to 2025.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Messenger — Tbilisi Mayors Office Suspends Contract with C.T. Park (14 Mar 2018) messenger.com.ge · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-1808e0b757ec283e
Publisher
Name not classified · messenger.com.ge
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2018-03-14
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-04
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Mayor Kakha Kaladze announces the contract will be annulled on 10 April because the company does not fulfil its obligations; the deputy mayor says no compensation is due; C.T. Park says it will defend its rights in Georgia and in international arbitration. Gives the contract's term as running to 2022 and names the Tbilisi Transport Company as the new manager.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
FactCheck Georgia — What Has Changed in Tbilisi's Parking System post-City Park Company factcheck.ge · 6 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-5d0b49dccf54df17
Publisher
Name not classified · factcheck.ge
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2022-05-30
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-04
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

FactCheck Georgia's comparison of the two eras on Tbilisi Transport Company data: average annual City Hall revenue from parking penalties of GEL 5,926,800 under City Park (2011–2017) and GEL 3,302,800 afterwards, far fewer tickets, 60% of penalties to the city under the old contract, and fewer parking spaces with no new underground parking.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
JAMnews — Avoid the fine – zonal parking returns to Tbilisi jam-news.net · 6 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-dd6af3c7d7effa0f
Publisher
Name not classified · jam-news.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2021-02-10
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-04
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Explainer as paid zonal parking resumed after a lockdown pause: pilot from 1 August 2019 on Kote Apkhazi Street, extended in 2020 to Saburtalo and Vake (1,039 and 1,629 zonal spaces), bays marked with a zone letter and number, payment through the Tbilisi Parking app or machines, 1 lari an hour, free for residents within 100 metres.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
JAMnews (Georgian) — Fine for illegal parking in Tbilisi raised fivefold jam-news.net · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-5c1b061b6821bd88
Publisher
Name not classified · jam-news.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2022-09-12
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-04
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Parliament approves, in the third reading, a package drafted on City Hall's initiative: the fine for illegal parking rises from 10 to 50 lari and cars parked on pavements are towed at once. Gives 28,898 designated parking spaces on 9 September 2022 against 32,257 on 10 April 2018.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Commersant.ge — The changes to come into force in Georgia from today, August 1 commersant.ge · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-3569289db2636076
Publisher
Name not classified · commersant.ge
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-08-01
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-04
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Round-up of rules taking effect on 1 August 2025, including zonal hourly parking on new streets in several districts with 1,340 spaces, free for local residents who registered from 1 July.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.