Permanent project revision

Virtual Singapore: National 3D City Model and Digital Twin

Revision 2026-08-12-evidence-baseline · effective 2026-08-07

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-15-story-claims →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 5 claims and 10 source dossiers.

sha256:f8897ee7391cd20dfcb19abfdbad5a156c8f0a1ebb020fb18e91b42982a05f7c

All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.

5: of 5 claims mapped
10: source dossiers
0: publication dates recorded
5: archives linked
0: exact locators
0: content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-37e3b0ffdfe06707 quantitative

captured over 160,000 high-resolution aerial images in 41 days for a nationwide 0.1-metre reality mesh

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: VentureBeat (23 Feb 2022): 'The SLA captured over 160,000 high-res aerial images over forty-one days, and Bentley's ContextCapture tools worked to transform these into a 0.1-meter accurate nationwide 3D reality mesh.'
Caveat: A widely circulated variant misreads this as '160,000 buildings' — the figure counts aerial images. Article sits behind a bot wall; verify via the archived copy.

Sources carrying this claim

VentureBeat — How Singapore created the first country-scale digital twin (2022)

Claim 2 clm-36eeabc4fae78a81 quantitative

roughly 25 TB of street data from 600 billion point-cloud points and 3 million panoramic images

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: GIM International (24 Aug 2022, co-authored by SLA's Land Survey Division): '600 billion point clouds and three million panoramic images … approximately 25TB of data.'
Caveat: No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

GIM International — Singapore's journey towards a nationwide digital twin (SLA authors, 2022)

Claim 3 clm-037052c47cff7e99 descriptive

refreshed every five years by air and every two years at street level

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: Same SLA-authored article: the plan is to 'map the whole nation once every five years using aerial mapping, and to refresh the street mobile mapping data every two years'.
Caveat: Stated as the plan in 2022; no later source confirms the cycle has been kept.

Sources carrying this claim

GIM International — Singapore's journey towards a nationwide digital twin (SLA authors, 2022)

Claim 4 clm-484eead4348af846 quantitative

the OECD's 2024 case study describes capabilities only

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: The OPSI entry (updated 5 Nov 2024) frames every application in the possibility mood — 'decision-makers can optimise land use, assess flood risk, and manage underground utilities more effectively' — and contains no documented decision, adoption figure or outcome number.
Caveat: Negative claim: verified by reading the case study in full, not by a single quotable sentence.

Sources carrying this claim

OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation — Virtual Twin Singapore (independent, updated Nov 2024)

Claim 5 clm-6ffe39cf774c1670 descriptive

when Singapore needed twins that actually run something, it built new platforms — Punggol's sensor-fed Open Digital Platform and the port's Maritime Digital Twin

Published field: lesson · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: JTC describes the Punggol ODP as 'completely operationalized, a virtual 3D environment fed live data mined from the sensors of the physical facility management systems'; MPA launched 'its first Maritime Digital Twin on 24 March 2025 – a virtual model of Singapore's port'. Neither is built on Virtual Singapore.
Caveat: No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

JTC — Open Digital Platform, Punggol Digital District (official)
Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore — Maritime Digital Twin launch (2025)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-12-evidence-baseline effective 2026-08-07 · created 2026-08-12

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; no human review is implied by publication of this baseline.

sha256:f8897ee7391cd20dfcb19abfdbad5a156c8f0a1ebb020fb18e91b42982a05f7c

Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →

5: of 5 claims mapped
10: source dossiers
0: publication dates recorded
5: archives linked
0: exact locators
0: content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator: National Research Foundation, Singapore Land Authority & GovTech (Dassault 3DEXPERIENCity)
Actor types: national-government, private
Funding model: public
Funding description: Not recorded
Cost: About S$73 million (~US$53 million), as reported by Reuters; the former NRF programme page is offline.
Ownership: Not recorded
Decision rights: Not recorded
Exit conditions: Not recorded

10 source dossiers

GovTech Singapore — 5 things to know about Virtual Singapore (official, 2017) tech.gov.sg · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-c8cce305aea3273e
Publisher: Name not classified · tech.gov.sg
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The government's own 2017 framing: ready for agencies by 2018, public access 'progressively' thereafter — every application described as a capability, not a completed use.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation — Virtual Twin Singapore (independent, updated Nov 2024) oecd-opsi.org · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-a5362d572693ca0f
Publisher: Name not classified · oecd-opsi.org
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: Open archived copy ↗ · 2026-04-12
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Best independent case study; names SLA as lead and a planned subsurface twin, but records no documented agency decision and no outcome figure.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-484eead4348af846

Reuters (via Euronews) — Virtual Singapore project could be test bed for planners – and plotters (2018) euronews.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-1262fbdd835ade0f
Publisher: Name not classified · euronews.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The programme's one big international media moment: S$73 million figure, NRF director George Loh's misuse warning, and the 'internet separation' rollout.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

VentureBeat — How Singapore created the first country-scale digital twin (2022) venturebeat.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-3d63098b8831abfa
Publisher: Name not classified · venturebeat.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: Open archived copy ↗ · 2025-03-08
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Documents the 2022 completion of SLA's national 3D mapping: 160,000+ aerial images in 41 days, 0.1 m reality mesh. Bentley (vendor) savings claims inside are not used here.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-37e3b0ffdfe06707

GIM International — Singapore's journey towards a nationwide digital twin (SLA authors, 2022) gim-international.com · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-0e0dd5ffff3873fd
Publisher: Name not classified · gim-international.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: Open archived copy ↗ · 2026-02-17
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
SLA Land Survey Division authors: 600 billion point-cloud points, 3 million panoramic images (~25 TB), and the five-year aerial / two-year street refresh cycle.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-36eeabc4fae78a81
clm-037052c47cff7e99

Ministry of Law — speech at the official launch of OneMap3D (2021) mlaw.gov.sg · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-5610cc8e574b6b63
Publisher: Name not classified · mlaw.gov.sg
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
OneMap3D launched 15 September 2021 as SLA's public 3D platform — the publicly delivered piece of the 3D-Singapore vision, separate from Virtual Singapore.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore — Maritime Digital Twin launch (2025) mpa.gov.sg · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-d4f2bcea1081ead1
Publisher: Name not classified · mpa.gov.sg
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: Open archived copy ↗ · 2026-05-15
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Singapore's first Maritime Digital Twin, launched 24 March 2025 by MPA with GovTech — an operational twin built as a new platform.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-6ffe39cf774c1670

JTC — Open Digital Platform, Punggol Digital District (official) jtc.gov.sg · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-6b936743b75acefd
Publisher: Name not classified · jtc.gov.sg
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: Open archived copy ↗ · 2026-02-06
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
JTC/GovTech's district twin described by its operator as 'completely operationalized' and fed live sensor data — the operational contrast to Virtual Singapore.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-6ffe39cf774c1670

Dassault Systèmes — investor press release on the NRF collaboration (vendor, 2015) investor.3ds.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-c60afdac64b8e688
Publisher: Name not classified · investor.3ds.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The platform vendor's own 2015 announcement; notable for what it omits — no budget figure appears in it.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Government Technology (govtech.com) — Virtual Singapore Is More Than Just a 3-D Model (US trade press, ~2017) govtech.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-4e7ff17397602dcf
Publisher: Name not classified · govtech.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-07
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Fullest account of the Yuhua pilot with SLA's own words: existing solar panels were modelled and linked to energy bills — a visualisation of what was already built.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Known limits of this passport

Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.