{
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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
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  "id": "singapore-virtual-singapore",
  "title": "Virtual Singapore: National 3D City Model and Digital Twin",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/singapore-virtual-singapore/"
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     "evidenceGrade": "official",
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      "started": 2014,
      "ended": 2022
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     "operator": "National Research Foundation, Singapore Land Authority & GovTech (Dassault 3DEXPERIENCity)",
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     "cost": "About S$73 million (~US$53 million), as reported by Reuters; the former NRF programme page is offline.",
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      "text": "when Singapore needed twins that actually run something, it built new platforms — Punggol's sensor-fed Open Digital Platform and the port's Maritime Digital Twin",
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      "text": "roughly 25 TB of street data from 600 billion point-cloud points and 3 million panoramic images",
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "refreshed every five years by air and every two years at street level",
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      "supportNote": "Same SLA-authored article: the plan is to 'map the whole nation once every five years using aerial mapping, and to refresh the street mobile mapping data every two years'.",
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      "text": "the OECD's 2024 case study describes capabilities only",
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      "supportNote": "The OPSI entry (updated 5 Nov 2024) frames every application in the possibility mood — 'decision-makers can optimise land use, assess flood risk, and manage underground utilities more effectively' — and contains no documented decision, adoption figure or outcome number.",
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      "text": "when Singapore needed twins that actually run something, it built new platforms — Punggol's sensor-fed Open Digital Platform and the port's Maritime Digital Twin",
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      "text": "In 2015, Dassault Systèmes signed on to build the platform on its 3DEXPERIENCity software",
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      "text": "In September 2018, Reuters reported that the model was so detailed that officials worried about it falling into the wrong hands",
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      "text": "Virtual Singapore would run only on computers physically cut off from the web",
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      "text": "In the Yuhua housing estate, SLA staff modelled solar panels and connected them to energy-bill data",
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      "text": "A*STAR ran large-scale wind, noise and traffic simulations; NUS received access for research",
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      "text": "The NRF's Virtual Singapore programme page is gone; so is the Smart Nation initiative page",
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      "supportNote": "The Maritime and Port Authority's 2025 launch announcement for the Maritime Digital Twin, again a separate platform.",
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