1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Beeline Crowd-Sourced Bus Platform

Revision 2026-08-22-evidence-baseline · effective 2026-07-25

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 8 claims and 4 source dossiers.

sha256:f3544b10a83996eec66642507526d84f41cfef7467f6636fbc7a4384c556d943
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
8
of 8 claims mapped
4
source dossiers
4
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-50fd4c67b26544f1 quantitative
Launched in August 2015 by the Infocomm Development Authority (later GovTech)
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The launch release is dated 5 August 2015 and states that 'The Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) and Land Transport Authority (LTA) have launched Beeline', with 'The first experimental bus routes started running on 3 August'. Land Transport Guru independently states Beeline 'was set up by the Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) in 2015'. The successor naming is carried by GovTech's own about-box in the 2017 release: GovTech is 'a statutory board formed in October 2016 after the restructuring of the Infocomm Development Authority'.
Caveat
Beeline was launched jointly by IDA and the Land Transport Authority, which the passage does not mention; the 2017 release likewise calls it 'Jointly developed by GovTech and the Land Transport Authority (LTA)'. August 2015 is when the app and the first bus routes went live — the crowdsourcing website had been running since April 2015. GovTech was also formed by a restructuring of IDA rather than by a straight renaming.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GovTech Singapore — 'Beeline Experiment Goes Live…' (Aug 2015)
  2. GovTech Singapore — 'Government to open source Beeline platform code' (Sep 2017)
  3. Land Transport Guru — 'End of Beeline, GrabShuttle…' (2019)
Claim 2 clm-a544a189106e220a descriptive
Beeline let commuters request and pre-book seats on private-operator express bus routes
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The 2015 release describes Beeline as 'a mobile app that allows commuters to pre-book rides on express private bus routes', and says the routes were operated by private bus companies such as Bus-Plus. The 2017 release repeats that commuters 'can use the Beeline app to book seats on available private express bus routes in advance'. The 'request' half is the crowdsourcing website, on which commuters suggested routes.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GovTech Singapore — 'Beeline Experiment Goes Live…' (Aug 2015)
  2. GovTech Singapore — 'Government to open source Beeline platform code' (Sep 2017)
Claim 3 clm-f27ec21f5d01899e descriptive
using aggregated demand data to shape new direct routes
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The 2015 release says the experimental routes are 'computer-generated by analysing historical travel patterns and crowdsourced suggestions on the Beeline website', that the website had 'crowdsourced about 3,400 suggested routes', and that journeys would have 'no more than five pick-up stops for each route'. The 2017 release makes the mechanism explicit: 'Should there be sufficient commuter demand for a certain route, the route will automatically be activated.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GovTech Singapore — 'Beeline Experiment Goes Live…' (Aug 2015)
  2. GovTech Singapore — 'Government to open source Beeline platform code' (Sep 2017)
Claim 4 clm-8ed02292aae54cc2 quantitative
At its 2017 peak it carried more than 130 routes
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The GovTech release of 30 September 2017 states that seven operators are on the platform 'with more than 130 bus routes deployed on Beeline'. Land Transport Guru gives the same order of magnitude for the same year: 'In 2017, Beeline reported having 130 routes and 19,000 monthly bookings.'
Caveat
Neither source describes the figure as a peak. The GovTech release is a snapshot taken on 30 September 2017, and no source tracks the route count before or after that date, so the passage's ranking of 2017 as the high point is an inference rather than a reported measurement.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GovTech Singapore — 'Government to open source Beeline platform code' (Sep 2017)
  2. Land Transport Guru — 'End of Beeline, GrabShuttle…' (2019)
Claim 5 clm-165ba0154b70d63c quantitative
about 19,000 monthly bookings
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Land Transport Guru writes: 'In 2017, Beeline reported having 130 routes and 19,000 monthly bookings.' The unit is bookings per month, not a cumulative total.
Caveat
This figure rests on a single enthusiast transport site writing two years after the fact, and it explicitly relays a Beeline self-report ('Beeline reported having'). Neither GovTech release states a booking figure, and no source gives the month the count refers to or how a booking was counted.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Land Transport Guru — 'End of Beeline, GrabShuttle…' (2019)
Claim 6 clm-a2d49360f8002c5f descriptive
across seven operators
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The 2017 release states: 'Since its pilot in 2015, seven private transport operators – including Grab (GrabShuttle), BusPlus, Aedge Holdings and Woodlands Transport – are on the Beeline platform'.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GovTech Singapore — 'Government to open source Beeline platform code' (Sep 2017)
Claim 7 clm-91fc2b0fecb39b9c quantitative
its code was open-sourced in October 2017
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The release announces that GovTech 'will progressively open-source the code for the Beeline smart mobility platform from October 2017', and invites developers to open GitHub issues on the listed repositories.
Caveat
The release is dated 30 September 2017 and describes a plan rather than a completed act: the code was to be released progressively from October onwards, and a footnote states that 'Key components of the code base that may compromise the security of the Beeline platform will not be open-sourced.' No listed source confirms what was published, or when the release finished.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. GovTech Singapore — 'Government to open source Beeline platform code' (Sep 2017)
Claim 8 clm-874ea43bf702c1a1 quantitative
The government wound the service down on 31 December 2019
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Land Transport Guru opens: 'Bus services provided by Beeline, GrabShuttle and GrabShuttle Plus will cease after 31 December 2019.' The SWAT Mobility page, reproducing a Channel NewsAsia report of 26 November 2019, states that the services 'will wind down their operations by the end of the year'.
Caveat
The two sources are not equally precise: only Land Transport Guru names 31 December, while the SWAT page says only 'by the end of the year'. Both describe the last day of service; Beeline's own wording at the time put the cessation at 1 January 2020. Note also that all three services covered by these reports closed together, and the sources treat Beeline, GrabShuttle and GrabShuttle Plus in one article.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Land Transport Guru — 'End of Beeline, GrabShuttle…' (2019)
  2. SWAT Mobility — 'On-demand bus services Beeline, GrabShuttle shutting down end 2019'

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-22-evidence-baseline effective 2026-07-25 · created 2026-08-22

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:f3544b10a83996eec66642507526d84f41cfef7467f6636fbc7a4384c556d943
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
8
of 8 claims mapped
4
source dossiers
4
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
GovTech
Actor types
national-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

4 source dossiers

GovTech Singapore — 'Beeline Experiment Goes Live…' (Aug 2015) tech.gov.sg · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-4a1421519b504f2b
Publisher
Name not classified · tech.gov.sg
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2015-08-05
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Launch date, IDA/GovTech+LTA, crowd-sourced demand model

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
GovTech Singapore — 'Government to open source Beeline platform code' (Sep 2017) tech.gov.sg · 6 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e314bf8310b8f217
Publisher
Name not classified · tech.gov.sg
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2017-09-30
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

130+ routes, seven operators, code open-sourced Oct 2017

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Land Transport Guru — 'End of Beeline, GrabShuttle…' (2019) landtransportguru.net · 4 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-c9a8d280aa2e73e8
Publisher
Name not classified · landtransportguru.net
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2019-12-14
Updated
2019-12-18
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Cessation 31 Dec 2019, costs, 130 routes / 19,000 monthly bookings at 2017 peak

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
SWAT Mobility — 'On-demand bus services Beeline, GrabShuttle shutting down end 2019' swatmobility.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-aa3171c5453cc08e
Publisher
Name not classified · swatmobility.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2019-11-26
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-22
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Independent confirmation of end-2019 shutdown

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.