{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "singapore-beeline-crowdsourced-bus",
  "title": "Beeline Crowd-Sourced Bus Platform",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/singapore-beeline-crowdsourced-bus/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T22:06:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-25",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 8 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:f3544b10a83996eec66642507526d84f41cfef7467f6636fbc7a4384c556d943",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-25",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:369a493129c7ad0a70ade608358ad363c96ca5717c141d302d2a99c2d890dc1b",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "completed",
     "outcome": "failed",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2015,
      "ended": 2019
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "GovTech",
     "actorTypes": [
      "national-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-50fd4c67b26544f1",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Launched in August 2015 by the Infocomm Development Authority (later GovTech)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4a1421519b504f2b",
       "src-e314bf8310b8f217",
       "src-c9a8d280aa2e73e8"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The launch release is dated 5 August 2015 and states that 'The Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) and Land Transport Authority (LTA) have launched Beeline', with 'The first experimental bus routes started running on 3 August'. Land Transport Guru independently states Beeline 'was set up by the Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) in 2015'. The successor naming is carried by GovTech's own about-box in the 2017 release: GovTech is 'a statutory board formed in October 2016 after the restructuring of the Infocomm Development Authority'.",
      "caveat": "Beeline was launched jointly by IDA and the Land Transport Authority, which the passage does not mention; the 2017 release likewise calls it 'Jointly developed by GovTech and the Land Transport Authority (LTA)'. August 2015 is when the app and the first bus routes went live — the crowdsourcing website had been running since April 2015. GovTech was also formed by a restructuring of IDA rather than by a straight renaming.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a544a189106e220a",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Beeline let commuters request and pre-book seats on private-operator express bus routes",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4a1421519b504f2b",
       "src-e314bf8310b8f217"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The 2015 release describes Beeline as 'a mobile app that allows commuters to pre-book rides on express private bus routes', and says the routes were operated by private bus companies such as Bus-Plus. The 2017 release repeats that commuters 'can use the Beeline app to book seats on available private express bus routes in advance'. The 'request' half is the crowdsourcing website, on which commuters suggested routes.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-f27ec21f5d01899e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "using aggregated demand data to shape new direct routes",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4a1421519b504f2b",
       "src-e314bf8310b8f217"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The 2015 release says the experimental routes are 'computer-generated by analysing historical travel patterns and crowdsourced suggestions on the Beeline website', that the website had 'crowdsourced about 3,400 suggested routes', and that journeys would have 'no more than five pick-up stops for each route'. The 2017 release makes the mechanism explicit: 'Should there be sufficient commuter demand for a certain route, the route will automatically be activated.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-8ed02292aae54cc2",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "At its 2017 peak it carried more than 130 routes",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e314bf8310b8f217",
       "src-c9a8d280aa2e73e8"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The GovTech release of 30 September 2017 states that seven operators are on the platform 'with more than 130 bus routes deployed on Beeline'. Land Transport Guru gives the same order of magnitude for the same year: 'In 2017, Beeline reported having 130 routes and 19,000 monthly bookings.'",
      "caveat": "Neither source describes the figure as a peak. The GovTech release is a snapshot taken on 30 September 2017, and no source tracks the route count before or after that date, so the passage's ranking of 2017 as the high point is an inference rather than a reported measurement.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-165ba0154b70d63c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "about 19,000 monthly bookings",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c9a8d280aa2e73e8"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Land Transport Guru writes: 'In 2017, Beeline reported having 130 routes and 19,000 monthly bookings.' The unit is bookings per month, not a cumulative total.",
      "caveat": "This figure rests on a single enthusiast transport site writing two years after the fact, and it explicitly relays a Beeline self-report ('Beeline reported having'). Neither GovTech release states a booking figure, and no source gives the month the count refers to or how a booking was counted.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a2d49360f8002c5f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "across seven operators",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e314bf8310b8f217"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The 2017 release states: 'Since its pilot in 2015, seven private transport operators – including Grab (GrabShuttle), BusPlus, Aedge Holdings and Woodlands Transport – are on the Beeline platform'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-91fc2b0fecb39b9c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "its code was open-sourced in October 2017",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e314bf8310b8f217"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The release announces that GovTech 'will progressively open-source the code for the Beeline smart mobility platform from October 2017', and invites developers to open GitHub issues on the listed repositories.",
      "caveat": "The release is dated 30 September 2017 and describes a plan rather than a completed act: the code was to be released progressively from October onwards, and a footnote states that 'Key components of the code base that may compromise the security of the Beeline platform will not be open-sourced.' No listed source confirms what was published, or when the release finished.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-874ea43bf702c1a1",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The government wound the service down on 31 December 2019",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c9a8d280aa2e73e8",
       "src-aa3171c5453cc08e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Land Transport Guru opens: 'Bus services provided by Beeline, GrabShuttle and GrabShuttle Plus will cease after 31 December 2019.' The SWAT Mobility page, reproducing a Channel NewsAsia report of 26 November 2019, states that the services 'will wind down their operations by the end of the year'.",
      "caveat": "The two sources are not equally precise: only Land Transport Guru names 31 December, while the SWAT page says only 'by the end of the year'. Both describe the last day of service; Beeline's own wording at the time put the cessation at 1 January 2020. Note also that all three services covered by these reports closed together, and the sources treat Beeline, GrabShuttle and GrabShuttle Plus in one article.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-4a1421519b504f2b",
      "title": "GovTech Singapore — 'Beeline Experiment Goes Live…' (Aug 2015)",
      "url": "https://www.tech.gov.sg/media/beeline-experiment-goes-live-with-a-mobile-app-to-enable-smart-pre-booked-express-bus-rides/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "tech.gov.sg",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-50fd4c67b26544f1",
       "clm-a544a189106e220a",
       "clm-f27ec21f5d01899e"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2015-08-05",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Launch date, IDA/GovTech+LTA, crowd-sourced demand model",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-e314bf8310b8f217",
      "title": "GovTech Singapore — 'Government to open source Beeline platform code' (Sep 2017)",
      "url": "https://www.tech.gov.sg/media/government-to-open-source-beeline-platform-code-to-catalyse-industry-and-public-innovation/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "tech.gov.sg",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-50fd4c67b26544f1",
       "clm-a544a189106e220a",
       "clm-f27ec21f5d01899e",
       "clm-8ed02292aae54cc2",
       "clm-a2d49360f8002c5f",
       "clm-91fc2b0fecb39b9c"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2017-09-30",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "130+ routes, seven operators, code open-sourced Oct 2017",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-c9a8d280aa2e73e8",
      "title": "Land Transport Guru — 'End of Beeline, GrabShuttle…' (2019)",
      "url": "https://landtransportguru.net/end-of-beeline-grabshuttle-and-grabshuttle-plus/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "landtransportguru.net",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-50fd4c67b26544f1",
       "clm-8ed02292aae54cc2",
       "clm-165ba0154b70d63c",
       "clm-874ea43bf702c1a1"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-12-14",
       "updatedAt": "2019-12-18",
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Cessation 31 Dec 2019, costs, 130 routes / 19,000 monthly bookings at 2017 peak",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-aa3171c5453cc08e",
      "title": "SWAT Mobility — 'On-demand bus services Beeline, GrabShuttle shutting down end 2019'",
      "url": "https://www.swatmobility.com/news/on-demand-bus-services-beeline-grabshuttle-shutting-down-end-2019",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "swatmobility.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-874ea43bf702c1a1"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-11-26",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent confirmation of end-2019 shutdown",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 8,
     "claimsMapped": 8,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 4,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}