1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Bilhete Único Carioca: taking the fare data back from the bus operators

Revision 2026-08-20-claim-baseline · effective 2026-07-26

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-21-source-dates →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 11 source dossiers.

sha256:3d287629c78a307cb52c1f84023728834b9d7ace84e2de8c28040a47a37dc39a
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
10
of 10 claims mapped
11
source dossiers
3
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-0397060c82a15c3a descriptive
up to three municipal boardings in the same direction within three hours for a single fare, though the third leg is granted only if one trip uses the BRT
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The transport secretariat's own integration page sets the rule: three municipal modes in the same direction within three hours for one modal fare, with the third boarding conditional on one leg being BRT; otherwise the benefit is limited to two sequential municipal modes.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SMTR — Integrações na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Claim 2 clm-37cf90ee4d62e0b8 descriptive
RioCard is issued through RioPar, a holding of Fetranspor, the bus-operators' federation, so the city paid subsidies without audited boarding counts
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The civil-society account traces the ownership chain: Fetranspor as issuer and distributor of RioCard, owner of RioPar Participações, which controls RioCard TI, the entity managing the data the cards collect. The city's own subsidy page shows what it pays on instead — kilometres operated times a per-kilometre value, verified by GPS.
Caveat
The ownership chain is used here only for who held the data, not for figures. Prosecutions of the operators' federation for bribery are documented elsewhere but made no findings about ridership or fare-validation data, so no such claim is made.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Coding Rights / Chupadados — Bilhete Único: concentration of data and money in Rio's transport
  2. SMTR — Subsídio (bus subsidy transparency)
Claim 3 clm-ad3e23c674d477b2 quantitative
Rio tendered collection away from them under concession SMTR 05/2022
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The concession page names Contract SMTR nº 05/2022 with CBD Bilhete Digital S/A, signed December 2022, for organisation and operation of the digital ticketing system across all modes under municipal jurisdiction, and lists the start order, two addenda and Decree nº 52.495 of 12 May 2023 on custody of the system's primary keys.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SMTR — Concessão da Bilhetagem Digital
Claim 4 clm-6cd1f81c2fb252c5 quantitative
the Jaé system started on BRT corridors on 18 July 2023 and became the only accepted fare medium on municipal buses, BRT, VLT and vans on 2 August 2025
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The cutover ran in two stages: 5 July 2025 for free-fare passes, 2 August 2025 for all municipal modes, with state modes — intermunicipal buses, SuperVia, metro and ferries — remaining on RioCard.
Caveat
Verified via search summary; direct fetch was not attempted after repeated blocks on Brazilian sites.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Brasil de Fato — Jaé exclusive for free-fare passes from 5 July 2025
  2. SMTR — Concessão da Bilhetagem Digital
Claim 5 clm-18d589505b21783d quantitative
Control of the concessionaire passed to Autopass in February 2025
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Transfer of indirect control of CBD was authorised on 17 February 2025 to Autopass, operator of the TOP card in metropolitan São Paulo, under clauses 22.1 and 22.2 of contract SMTR 05/2022. The report carries the mayor's stated rationale of preventing bus operators from controlling ticketing.
Caveat
Runner-up bidder TACOM is challenging the transfer in court, which the same report records.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Diário do Transporte — Jaé muda de dono (18 Feb 2025)
Claim 6 clm-0a9efdb7ce9da2dd quantitative
since 30 May 2026 BUC integration works only on a Jaé card or QR code
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The city announced that from 30 May 2026 the Bilhete Único Carioca and Bilhete Único Margaridas integrations are accepted only on the black Jaé card or QR code, and that the green Jaé card no longer performs integrations.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Prefeitura do Rio — BUC integration only by black Jaé card or QR code
Claim 7 clm-1cb2cccd9b58a362 descriptive
RioCard still carries the separate state Bilhete Único Intermunicipal.
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The city's integration page states that RioCard may be used on municipal modes only by Bilhete Único Intermunicipal beneficiaries — the basis for the municipal/state split. At state level the same argument is now being made: a July 2026 decree, following a court ruling on a public-prosecutor action seeking transparency over fare revenue, demands direct, continuous, timely and auditable access to primary data and notes that RioCard will cease to be the exclusive holder of operational and informational control.
Caveat
A figure of roughly R$1bn transferred without adequate proof of service circulates in coverage of that decree but could not be confirmed sentence-level and is deliberately excluded.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SMTR — Integrações na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
  2. Diário do Transporte — state decree 50.384/2026 creates the SEBE ticketing plan (15 Jul 2026)
Claim 8 clm-eaad806b14814ecd quantitative
Jaé replaced RioCard as the only fare medium on municipal buses, BRT, VLT and vans on 2 August 2025, after a two-stage cutover that began with free-fare passes on 5 July 2025
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Free-fare passes moved to Jaé on 5 July 2025 and all municipal modes on 2 August 2025; by 30 May 2026 the city had narrowed integration further, to the black card or a QR code.
Caveat
The transition was not painless: the consumer protection agency fined the concessionaire nearly R$2 million over queues of around 200 people, waits reported above five hours, defective top-up machines and failures in priority service, and the city separately fined it R$155,000 for delay under the concession contract.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Brasil de Fato — Jaé exclusive for free-fare passes from 5 July 2025
  2. Prefeitura do Rio — BUC integration only by black Jaé card or QR code
Claim 9 clm-455ba5e51ef3ac4c descriptive
The city's bus subsidy is nonetheless still paid per GPS-verified kilometre operated, not per validated boarding
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The subsidy is calculated as kilometres operated multiplied by a per-kilometre value, with GPS used to verify trip completion and no subsidy for routes below 80% daily compliance. The city publishes a Power BI dashboard, biweekly reports by operator and raw access via its data lake.
Caveat
This is the qualifier that keeps the entry honest: taking the collection layer back changed who counts boardings, not what the money is paid on.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SMTR — Subsídio (bus subsidy transparency)
Claim 10 clm-6966bf7007ebf0ae descriptive
an independent review still found the resulting records unreliable where operators configure the validators
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
An independent review found route information not matching the lines' actual operation and incorrectly configured validators, attributed to registration errors by the operating companies, and called for stronger public oversight — while praising the openness of the data.
Caveat
Both the summary page and the study PDF returned HTTP 503 to automated fetching, so the findings come from search-engine summaries. No figure from the study is used anywhere in the entry, and none should be added before the study is read directly.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. FGV Transportes — study finds technical inconsistencies in Jaé but praises transparency (April 2025)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-20-claim-baseline effective 2026-07-26 · created 2026-08-21

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:3d287629c78a307cb52c1f84023728834b9d7ace84e2de8c28040a47a37dc39a
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
10
of 10 claims mapped
11
source dossiers
3
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Secretaria Municipal de Transportes (SMTR); ticketing concessionaire CBD Bilhete Digital S/A (Jaé), under Autopass control since February 2025
Actor types
city-government, private
Funding model
ppp
Funding description
Municipal concession (Concessão de Serviços SMTR nº 05/2022)
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

11 source dossiers

SMTR — Integrações na cidade do Rio de Janeiro transportes.prefeitura.rio · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-04efd19932c2ac71
Publisher
Name not classified · transportes.prefeitura.rio
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Authoritative source for the BUC rule: three municipal modes in the same direction within three hours for one modal fare, with the third boarding conditional on one leg being BRT; otherwise limited to two sequential municipal modes. Also states that RioCard may be used on municipal modes only by Bilhete Único Intermunicipal beneficiaries — the basis for the municipal/state split. Fetched successfully 2026-07-26.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
SMTR — Concessão da Bilhetagem Digital transportes.prefeitura.rio · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-80253b52320d18f7
Publisher
Name not classified · transportes.prefeitura.rio
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Names Concession Contract SMTR nº 05/2022 with CBD Bilhete Digital S/A, signed December 2022, for organisation and operation of the digital ticketing system across all modes under municipal jurisdiction; lists the start order and two addenda, and Decree nº 52.495 of 12 May 2023 on custody of the system's primary keys. Fetched successfully.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
SMTR — Subsídio (bus subsidy transparency) transportes.prefeitura.rio · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-2a2e276af8aa81cc
Publisher
Name not classified · transportes.prefeitura.rio
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Sentence-level support for the qualifier in the impact field: subsidy is calculated as kilometres operated multiplied by a per-kilometre value, with GPS used to verify trip completion, and no subsidy for routes below 80% daily compliance. Also documents the public Power BI dashboard, biweekly reports by operator, and raw access via the city DataLake. Fetched successfully.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Diário do Transporte — Jaé muda de dono (18 Feb 2025) diariodotransporte.com.br · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-dd8246232433a204
Publisher
Name not classified · diariodotransporte.com.br
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-02-18
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Transfer of indirect control of CBD authorised 17 February 2025 to Autopass, operator of the TOP card in metropolitan São Paulo, under clauses 22.1 and 22.2 of contract SMTR 05/2022; carries the mayor's stated rationale of preventing bus operators from controlling ticketing, and records that runner-up TACOM is challenging the transfer in court. Fetched successfully.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Brasil de Fato — Jaé exclusive for free-fare passes from 5 July 2025 brasildefato.com.br · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-35f51eff6636df05
Publisher
Name not classified · brasildefato.com.br
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-07-05
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Supports the two-stage cutover in the impact field: 5 July 2025 for gratuities, 2 August 2025 for all municipal modes, with state modes (intermunicipal buses, SuperVia, metro, ferries) remaining on RioCard. Verified via search summary; direct fetch not attempted after repeated Brazilian-site blocks.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Prefeitura do Rio — BUC integration only by black Jaé card or QR code prefeitura.rio · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-60d9093c0bd9e6f3
Publisher
Name not classified · prefeitura.rio
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

City announcement that from 30 May 2026 BUC and Bilhete Único Margaridas integrations are accepted only on the black Jaé card or QR code, and that the green Jaé card no longer performs integrations.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
FGV Transportes — study finds technical inconsistencies in Jaé but praises transparency (April 2025) transportes.fgv.br · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-b7f66bbab0a905af
Publisher
Name not classified · transportes.fgv.br
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Independent counterweight: route information not matching the lines' actual operation and incorrectly configured validators, attributed to registration errors by the operating companies, with a call for stronger public oversight — while praising the openness of the data. IMPORTANT: both this page and the study PDF (transportes.fgv.br/sites/transportes.fgv.br/files/estudo_1_jae.pdf) returned HTTP 503 to automated fetches on 2026-07-26; findings taken from search-engine summaries and should be re-read before any figure is added.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Diário do Transporte — state decree 50.384/2026 creates the SEBE ticketing plan (15 Jul 2026) diariodotransporte.com.br · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-65e8002c100c8a46
Publisher
Name not classified · diariodotransporte.com.br
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-07-15
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Currency check and the state-level mirror of the municipal move: Decree nº 50.384 of 14 July 2026 follows a court ruling on a Ministério Público civil action seeking transparency over fare revenue, and demands direct, continuous, timely and auditable access to primary data, barring technological or contractual mechanisms that obstruct oversight; the article notes RioCard will cease to be the exclusive holder of operational and informational control. Fetched successfully. A TCE-RJ figure of roughly R$1bn transferred without adequate proof of service circulates in coverage of this decree but could NOT be confirmed sentence-level (source page returned 403) and is deliberately excluded.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Tempo Real — Procon-RJ/Sedcon fine CBD Bilhete Digital nearly R$2 million temporealrj.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-57e59d3fc86df240
Publisher
Name not classified · temporealrj.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Consumer-side counterweight: queues of around 200 people, waits reported above five hours, defective top-up machines, failures in priority service and absence of a complaints book. The city separately fined the concessionaire R$155,000 for delay under clause 19.7 of the concession contract (Diário do Transporte, 27 May 2025).

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Coding Rights / Chupadados — Bilhete Único: concentration of data and money in Rio's transport chupadados.codingrights.org · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-67c63de03698f232
Publisher
Name not classified · chupadados.codingrights.org
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Civil-society account of the pre-Jaé arrangement: Fetranspor as issuer and distributor of RioCard, owner of RioPar Participações, which controls RioCard TI, the entity managing the data collected by the cards. Used only for the ownership chain, not for figures.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Agência Brasil — bus companies' bribery fund (Operação Ponto Final) agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-97d061735164e635
Publisher
Name not classified · agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-21
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Context only, deliberately kept out of the snippet: the Lava Jato offshoot established a bribery scheme by Rio bus operators and led to the arrests of Fetranspor's then-president Lélis Teixeira and operator Jacob Barata Filho. No source found showing the prosecutions made findings about ridership or fare-validation data, so no such claim is made.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.