1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Navigo Contactless Ticketing

Revision 2026-10-04-reverification · effective 2026-10-04

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-10-04-reverification-sources →

unreviewed

Correction: separates the January 2025 fare reform from the end of cardboard ticket sales on 5 November 2025.

sha256:7ff734afbb858002a0ce0646ea92a58f2a940571ba29be3f2e9e3461596cd657
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • replace /snapshot/projectFingerprint — Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/asOf — Updated asOf to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/claims — Updated claims to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/sources — Updated sources to the current sourced project record.
9
of 9 claims mapped
6
source dossiers
3
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-6ef299b171bd0d54 quantitative
Île-de-France Mobilités' contactless Navigo pass launched in 2001
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The article opens by calling the Navigo card "a contactless smart card used to travel on public transport in Paris and Île-de-France", its infobox gives "Launched: 2001" and names Île-de-France Mobilités as the card's manager, and the history section fixes the year: "When the Navigo card was first introduced in 2001, it was only made available to subscribers of the Carte Intégrale annual pass."
Caveat
The 2001 launch reached only holders of the Carte Intégrale annual pass. The article then lists a staged extension — to Carte Imagine'R in 2003, to Carte Orange weekly and monthly passes in zones 1 and 2 in 2004, and to all trams and buses in 2005. The page also names Île-de-France Mobilités as the manager today without saying who ran the scheme in 2001.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Navigo card — Wikipedia
Claim 2 clm-0994ef01d81e74a4 descriptive
on the Calypso smartcard standard
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
"The card is based on the Calypso standard, initially implemented with Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, before transitioning to Near-field communication (NFC) technology."
Caveat
The article dates the move from RFID to NFC to 9 December 2013, when both card types were redesigned, so the contactless technology inside the Calypso standard is not the one the card carried at launch.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Navigo card — Wikipedia
Claim 3 clm-f64075f329d31031 quantitative
replacing the magnetic Carte Orange (retired 2009) across the Paris region
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
"From 2006, the card could be used in all means of public transport in the entirety of Île-de-France in place of the conventional Carte Orange, which was discontinued in 2009."
Caveat
The replacement was gradual rather than immediate: the article dates region-wide use to 2006, five years after the launch, and the older product survived alongside the card until 2009. The page calls it "the conventional Carte Orange" and does not describe its magnetic stripe.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Navigo card — Wikipedia
Claim 4 clm-395bfa77353e4144 quantitative
It went dematerialised on Android smartphones in 2019
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Orange's release announces the Smart Navigo launch on 25 September 2019 and describes an Android-only service: the app is distributed through the Google Play Store and works either with "a NFC Orange/Sosh SIM card, regardless of phone model, or a compatible Samsung smartphone, regardless of operator"; iPhone is not mentioned. Wikipedia dates the same step independently: "Since September 2019, a digital card can be obtained, loaded and validated via apps". The URL listed here answers automated readers with a JavaScript verification page instead of the release, so the wording was read from the identical release on Orange's own newsroom host.
Caveat
At launch the service reached two groups of Android users rather than Android phones in general — Orange and Sosh customers with an NFC SIM card, and owners of compatible Samsung handsets on any network.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Île-de-France Mobilités lance le passe Navigo sur smartphone — Orange Newsroom
  2. Navigo card — Wikipedia
Claim 5 clm-d6aef035748ba70e quantitative
reached iPhone and Apple Watch via Apple Wallet in May 2024
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The release is dated 21 May 2024 and states: "Apple and Île-de-France Mobilités today introduced an easy, secure, and private way for customers to add a new Navigo card to Apple Wallet and purchase passes to ride transit in the Paris region. Riders can buy passes from the Île-de-France Mobilités iOS app or directly from Apple Wallet, and use an iPhone or Apple Watch to tap and ride."
Caveat
What Wallet holds is a new digital Navigo card, not a copy of a card the rider already carries, and only part of the fare range can be bought inside Wallet itself: "t+, t+ reduced price, OrlyBus, RoissyBus tickets, and Navigo Day passes". Everything else has to be bought in the Île-de-France Mobilités app.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Apple and Île-de-France Mobilités introduce Navigo for iPhone and Apple Watch — Apple Newsroom
Claim 6 clm-3e2ad1edaa49b351 descriptive
the reusable Navigo Easy card
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Wikipedia describes Navigo Easy as a card sold for a one-time fee of €2 at ticket windows and selected machines, carrying no name or photograph, that "can be loaded with up to 20 Métro-Train-RER Tickets, Bus-Tram Tickets, and Airports Tickets" — a card that is reloaded rather than discarded after a journey. RATP's fare page is the operator source cited for riders moving onto it; that page answers every automated reader with a refusal, so nothing could be quoted from it here.
Caveat
Navigo Easy holds single tickets and day passes only. Wikipedia notes that it "cannot be loaded with Week Passes, Month Passes, Year Passes, or Liberté+", so it is not an alternative to the second product named in the same sentence.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Ticketing revolution 2025 — RATP
  2. Navigo card — Wikipedia
Claim 7 clm-f8aaeb09f9da27c6 descriptive
pay-as-you-go Navigo Liberté+
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Wikipedia dates the product — "On 13 November 2019, the Navigo Liberté+ subscription service was introduced" — and lists Liberté+ among the fares that can be carried on a Navigo Travel Card or on a smartphone. RATP's fare page is the operator source cited for the migration to it; that page answers every automated reader with a refusal, so nothing could be quoted from it here.
Caveat
Wikipedia calls Liberté+ a subscription service rather than a prepaid balance: the rider registers once and is billed afterwards for the journeys actually taken. It also records that Liberté+ cannot be carried on a Navigo Easy card or a Navigo Découverte card.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Ticketing revolution 2025 — RATP
  2. Navigo card — Wikipedia
Claim 8 clm-65dcbdd9ddf05077 quantitative
The fare reform of 1 January 2025 replaced the t+ with two flat fares, one for metro, train and RER and one for bus and tram
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report sets out the 1 January 2025 reform with a metro-train-RER ticket and a bus-tram ticket replacing the t+.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Journal du Geek — Les tickets de métro, c'est officiellement terminé (7 Nov 2025)
  2. Ticketing revolution 2025 — RATP
Claim 9 clm-b84bf5b737dc3af2 quantitative
cardboard tickets stopped being sold on 5 November 2025
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Journal du Geek reports cardboard ticket sales ended on 5 November 2025.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Journal du Geek — Les tickets de métro, c'est officiellement terminé (7 Nov 2025)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-10-04-reverification effective 2026-10-04 · created 2026-10-04

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:7ff734afbb858002a0ce0646ea92a58f2a940571ba29be3f2e9e3461596cd657
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
9
of 9 claims mapped
6
source dossiers
3
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Île-de-France Mobilités
Actor types
utility
Funding model
public
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

6 source dossiers

Navigo card — Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org · 6 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-0cf7c7fd36ffbbb7
Publisher
Name not classified · en.wikipedia.org
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-04
Dossier created
2026-10-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

History: 1 Oct 2001 launch, Calypso contactless standard, RFID/NFC, Carte Orange discontinued Feb 2009.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Île-de-France Mobilités lance le passe Navigo sur smartphone — Orange Newsroom orange.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-13e9d67bfbdea888
Publisher
Name not classified · orange.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2019-09-25
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-04
Dossier created
2026-10-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Smart Navigo dematerialised on Android (NFC/Samsung Pay/Orange), 25 Sept 2019.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Apple and Île-de-France Mobilités introduce Navigo for iPhone and Apple Watch — Apple Newsroom apple.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-aeaecfa6e4d5c6dc
Publisher
Name not classified · apple.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2024-05-21
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-04
Dossier created
2026-10-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Authoritative primary: Navigo in Apple Wallet, tap-to-ride, 21 May 2024 (pre-Olympics).

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Ticketing revolution 2025 — RATP ratp.fr · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-6f8b11c96b9c1059
Publisher
Name not classified · ratp.fr
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-04
Dossier created
2026-10-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Paper 't+' phase-out and switch to Navigo Easy / dematerialised tickets in 2025.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Ticketless smartphone Navigo / Smart Navigo modernization — Worldline worldline.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-4eaad0d850d15494
Publisher
Name not classified · worldline.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-04
Dossier created
2026-10-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Navigo Liberté+ post-paid pay-as-you-go on smartphone (June 2025); Smart Navigo programme partner.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Journal du Geek — Les tickets de métro, c'est officiellement terminé (7 Nov 2025) journaldugeek.com · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-0865d4d4f8d54999
Publisher
Name not classified · journaldugeek.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-11-07
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-10-04
Dossier created
2026-10-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Cardboard ticket sales ended 5 Nov 2025; valid until June 2026 (metro/RER/Transilien), early May 2026 (bus/tram); exchange until 1 Sept 2026; Jan 2025 reform created the €2.50 metro-train-RER and €2 bus-tram tickets.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.