{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "paris-navigo-smart-ticketing",
  "title": "Navigo Contactless Ticketing",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/paris-navigo-smart-ticketing/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T09:06:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-25",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 7 claims and 5 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:6328d7fc8586c70ceb1e44dd821879931969aef7f4d374fe06302c2285840ed8",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-25",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:0c0c47d8dbcf1bf9a330242a8d9e5123a5bbee38618d13f24bab3bf7fc2c2022",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2001,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Île-de-France Mobilités",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-6ef299b171bd0d54",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Île-de-France Mobilités' contactless Navigo pass launched in 2001",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0cf7c7fd36ffbbb7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article opens by calling the Navigo card \"a contactless smart card used to travel on public transport in Paris and Île-de-France\", its infobox gives \"Launched: 2001\" and names Île-de-France Mobilités as the card's manager, and the history section fixes the year: \"When the Navigo card was first introduced in 2001, it was only made available to subscribers of the Carte Intégrale annual pass.\"",
      "caveat": "The 2001 launch reached only holders of the Carte Intégrale annual pass. The article then lists a staged extension — to Carte Imagine'R in 2003, to Carte Orange weekly and monthly passes in zones 1 and 2 in 2004, and to all trams and buses in 2005. The page also names Île-de-France Mobilités as the manager today without saying who ran the scheme in 2001.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0994ef01d81e74a4",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "on the Calypso smartcard standard",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0cf7c7fd36ffbbb7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "\"The card is based on the Calypso standard, initially implemented with Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, before transitioning to Near-field communication (NFC) technology.\"",
      "caveat": "The article dates the move from RFID to NFC to 9 December 2013, when both card types were redesigned, so the contactless technology inside the Calypso standard is not the one the card carried at launch.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-f64075f329d31031",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "replacing the magnetic Carte Orange (retired 2009) across the Paris region",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0cf7c7fd36ffbbb7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "\"From 2006, the card could be used in all means of public transport in the entirety of Île-de-France in place of the conventional Carte Orange, which was discontinued in 2009.\"",
      "caveat": "The replacement was gradual rather than immediate: the article dates region-wide use to 2006, five years after the launch, and the older product survived alongside the card until 2009. The page calls it \"the conventional Carte Orange\" and does not describe its magnetic stripe.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-395bfa77353e4144",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "It went dematerialised on Android smartphones in 2019",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-13e9d67bfbdea888",
       "src-0cf7c7fd36ffbbb7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Orange's release announces the Smart Navigo launch on 25 September 2019 and describes an Android-only service: the app is distributed through the Google Play Store and works either with \"a NFC Orange/Sosh SIM card, regardless of phone model, or a compatible Samsung smartphone, regardless of operator\"; iPhone is not mentioned. Wikipedia dates the same step independently: \"Since September 2019, a digital card can be obtained, loaded and validated via apps\". The URL listed here answers automated readers with a JavaScript verification page instead of the release, so the wording was read from the identical release on Orange's own newsroom host.",
      "caveat": "At launch the service reached two groups of Android users rather than Android phones in general — Orange and Sosh customers with an NFC SIM card, and owners of compatible Samsung handsets on any network.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d6aef035748ba70e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "reached iPhone and Apple Watch via Apple Wallet in May 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-aeaecfa6e4d5c6dc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The release is dated 21 May 2024 and states: \"Apple and Île-de-France Mobilités today introduced an easy, secure, and private way for customers to add a new Navigo card to Apple Wallet and purchase passes to ride transit in the Paris region. Riders can buy passes from the Île-de-France Mobilités iOS app or directly from Apple Wallet, and use an iPhone or Apple Watch to tap and ride.\"",
      "caveat": "What Wallet holds is a new digital Navigo card, not a copy of a card the rider already carries, and only part of the fare range can be bought inside Wallet itself: \"t+, t+ reduced price, OrlyBus, RoissyBus tickets, and Navigo Day passes\". Everything else has to be bought in the Île-de-France Mobilités app.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3e2ad1edaa49b351",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the reusable Navigo Easy card",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6f8b11c96b9c1059",
       "src-0cf7c7fd36ffbbb7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Wikipedia describes Navigo Easy as a card sold for a one-time fee of €2 at ticket windows and selected machines, carrying no name or photograph, that \"can be loaded with up to 20 Métro-Train-RER Tickets, Bus-Tram Tickets, and Airports Tickets\" — a card that is reloaded rather than discarded after a journey. RATP's fare page is the operator source cited for riders moving onto it; that page answers every automated reader with a refusal, so nothing could be quoted from it here.",
      "caveat": "Navigo Easy holds single tickets and day passes only. Wikipedia notes that it \"cannot be loaded with Week Passes, Month Passes, Year Passes, or Liberté+\", so it is not an alternative to the second product named in the same sentence.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-f8aaeb09f9da27c6",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "pay-as-you-go Navigo Liberté+",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6f8b11c96b9c1059",
       "src-0cf7c7fd36ffbbb7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Wikipedia dates the product — \"On 13 November 2019, the Navigo Liberté+ subscription service was introduced\" — and lists Liberté+ among the fares that can be carried on a Navigo Travel Card or on a smartphone. RATP's fare page is the operator source cited for the migration to it; that page answers every automated reader with a refusal, so nothing could be quoted from it here.",
      "caveat": "Wikipedia calls Liberté+ a subscription service rather than a prepaid balance: the rider registers once and is billed afterwards for the journeys actually taken. It also records that Liberté+ cannot be carried on a Navigo Easy card or a Navigo Découverte card.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-0cf7c7fd36ffbbb7",
      "title": "Navigo card — Wikipedia",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigo_card",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "en.wikipedia.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-6ef299b171bd0d54",
       "clm-0994ef01d81e74a4",
       "clm-f64075f329d31031",
       "clm-395bfa77353e4144",
       "clm-3e2ad1edaa49b351",
       "clm-f8aaeb09f9da27c6"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "History: 1 Oct 2001 launch, Calypso contactless standard, RFID/NFC, Carte Orange discontinued Feb 2009.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-13e9d67bfbdea888",
      "title": "Île-de-France Mobilités lance le passe Navigo sur smartphone — Orange Newsroom",
      "url": "https://www.orange.com/fr/newsroom/communiques/ile-de-france-mobilites-lance-le-passe-navigo-et-les-tickets-t-sur-smartphone",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "orange.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-395bfa77353e4144"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-09-25",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Smart Navigo dematerialised on Android (NFC/Samsung Pay/Orange), 25 Sept 2019.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-aeaecfa6e4d5c6dc",
      "title": "Apple and Île-de-France Mobilités introduce Navigo for iPhone and Apple Watch — Apple Newsroom",
      "url": "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/05/apple-and-ile-de-france-mobilites-introduce-navigo-for-iphone-and-apple-watch/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "apple.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-d6aef035748ba70e"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-05-21",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Authoritative primary: Navigo in Apple Wallet, tap-to-ride, 21 May 2024 (pre-Olympics).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-6f8b11c96b9c1059",
      "title": "Ticketing revolution 2025 — RATP",
      "url": "https://www.ratp.fr/en/titres-et-tarifs/revolution-billettique-2025",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ratp.fr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-3e2ad1edaa49b351",
       "clm-f8aaeb09f9da27c6"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Paper 't+' phase-out and switch to Navigo Easy / dematerialised tickets in 2025.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-4eaad0d850d15494",
      "title": "Ticketless smartphone Navigo / Smart Navigo modernization — Worldline",
      "url": "https://worldline.com/en/home/top-navigation/media-relations/press-release/worldlines-and-conduents-assistance-ile-de-france-mobilites-is-launching-a-ticketless-smartphone-solution-for-the-navigo-pass-as-part-of-its-ambitious-smart-navigo-modernization-program",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "worldline.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Navigo Liberté+ post-paid pay-as-you-go on smartphone (June 2025); Smart Navigo programme partner.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 7,
     "claimsMapped": 7,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}