1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Grand Paris Low-Emission Zone (ZFE-m)

Revision 2026-08-27-p1-quality-uplift · effective 2026-07-25

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Full claim mapping over snippet, impact and lesson; sourced impact and lesson added; source dates recorded.

sha256:7cfa2a73c1e66db43b7c0d1438211c15d9b7f27fd022ee5385c7716060f3f168
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • replace /snapshot/projectFingerprint — Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/claims — Updated claims to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/sources — Updated sources to the current sourced project record.
13
of 13 claims mapped
4
source dossiers
2
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-15013d2b934a8e27 descriptive
using France's Crit'Air windscreen stickers to classify vehicles by emissions
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The metropolis's own page for the zone describes the Crit'Air sticker classification and the perimeter inside the A86.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Métropole du Grand Paris — La Zone à Faibles Émissions métropolitaine
Claim 2 clm-22e14b4b3ca67ad9 quantitative
It rolled out in phases from July 2019 (banning Crit'Air 5 and unclassified vehicles), extending to Crit'Air 4 in 2021 and Crit'Air 3 in January 2025
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The authority's page sets out the phase-in schedule; Airparif's evaluation dates the steps to deliberation of the metropolitan council of 1 December 2020 and evaluates the first two (2019 and 2021).
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Métropole du Grand Paris — La Zone à Faibles Émissions métropolitaine
  2. Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024)
Claim 3 clm-e72a1e5f01f6d63f quantitative
it was shelved sine die at the end of 2021 for want of a working camera system
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
L'Argus: 'La vidéoverbalisation des véhicules bannis de la circulation dans la ZFE du Grand Paris initialement prévue à partir de fin décembre 2021 a été reportée sine die', and 'le projet d'identifier les voitures interdites à l'aide d'une caméra a en effet pris du retard'.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. L'Argus — Report de la verbalisation des véhicules bannis
Claim 4 clm-61c15c2df1a624ab quantitative
the sanction-free 'pedagogical' period now runs to December 2026
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Caradisiac: 'la période pédagogique … est également prolongée jusqu'à décembre 2026'.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Caradisiac — Contrôles ZFE reportés en 2026 (2025)
Claim 5 clm-dfc39094a9b715ae quantitative
in May 2025 the National Assembly voted (not yet enacted) to scrap France's low-emission zones
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Caradisiac: 'Malgré leur suppression par l'Assemblée nationale en mai dernier, les ZFE initiées en 2019 et déjà mise en place continue d'exister.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Caradisiac — Contrôles ZFE reportés en 2026 (2025)
Claim 6 clm-41a60a69a53c93fe quantitative
Road-traffic NOx emissions inside the perimeter fell 42% between 2017 and 2023 with the first two steps in force, against 36% modelled without them — six percentage points attributable to the ZFE-m
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Airparif: 'En 2023, la baisse des émissions de NOx est de 42 % par rapport à 2017 grâce à la mise en œuvre des deux premières étapes de la ZFE-m. Sans cette mesure, cette baisse aurait été de seulement 36 %, soit 6 points attribuables à la ZFE-m.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024)
Claim 7 clm-6148eab112f49aa5 descriptive
and fourteen points for private cars taken alone
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Airparif: 'la baisse des émissions de NOx des véhicules particuliers entre 2017 et 2023 est de 35 % avec la mise en place de la ZFE-m, contre seulement 21 % s'il n'y avait pas eu de restriction de circulation. Cela indique que la ZFE-m permet de diminuer les émissions de NOx dues aux VP de 14 % par rapport à 2017.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024)
Claim 8 clm-676e97e2ba84e474 quantitative
For PM10 the attributable gain is two points, because 82% of road-traffic PM10 comes off brakes, tyres and the road surface rather than the exhaust the stickers grade
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Airparif: 'En 2023, la baisse des émissions de PM10 dans le périmètre de la ZFE-m est de 23 % par rapport à 2017 avec sa mise en œuvre, contre 21 % sans ; soit 2 points attribuables à la ZFE-m. Cela s'explique par la contribution importante de l'abrasion (82 % des émissions de PM10 du trafic routier sont issues de l'abrasion, contre 14 % pour celles issues de l'échappement).'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024)
Claim 9 clm-97d7e19fe27db3d1 quantitative
for PM2.5 no share was attributed at all, the trend not being statistically significant
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Airparif: 'Les tendances de l'impact trafic sur les particules PM10 sur la période 2017-2019 et en PM2.5 sur les deux périodes étudiées ne sont pas statistiquement significatives … l'attribution d'une part de cette diminution à la ZFE-m métropolitaine n'a donc pas été effectuée.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024)
Claim 10 clm-c864c1eab91e8ece descriptive
possible effects of the zone on traffic volume were not considered
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Airparif states the method's boundary: 'De possibles effets de la ZFE-m sur le volume de trafic routier ne sont pas considérés.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024)
Claim 11 clm-9ee9f18766841e7c quantitative
Across Île-de-France 5,000 people were still exposed to illegal NO2 levels in 2023, against 40,000 in 2022
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Airparif's conclusion: '5 000 Franciliens restant exposés à des dépassements de la valeur limite réglementaire pour le dioxyde d'azote (NO2) contre 40 000 en 2022'.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024)
Claim 12 clm-dfcc32d1cd5107be quantitative
six points of NOx against two of PM10, because four fifths of the particles a car sheds come off its brakes, tyres and the road
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The two attribution figures and the abrasion share (82%) come from the same Airparif evaluation.
Caveat
'Four fifths' rounds Airparif's 82%.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024)
Claim 13 clm-9454db78c9a5b797 quantitative
the cameras were shelved at the end of 2021 for want of a working system
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
L'Argus reports the sine die postponement for want of an operational camera system; Caradisiac reports the extension of the no-fine period to December 2026.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. L'Argus — Report de la verbalisation des véhicules bannis
  2. Caradisiac — Contrôles ZFE reportés en 2026 (2025)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-27-p1-quality-uplift effective 2026-07-25 · created 2026-08-26

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

Erratum on this revision's envelope. The snapshot, its hash and its permanent link are untouched.

  • createdAt previously read 2026-08-27T14:00:00Z. The batching script that produced this revision advanced createdAt into the future to satisfy the strictly-increasing order the validator requires per entity. The value never recorded a real event; the corrected value is the moment the revision provably existed in the repository. Corrected to 2026-08-26T23:41:56Z on 2026-08-27; evidence: first appears in commit ddeb6bde77, committed 2026-08-26T23:41:56Z.
sha256:7cfa2a73c1e66db43b7c0d1438211c15d9b7f27fd022ee5385c7716060f3f168
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
13
of 13 claims mapped
4
source dossiers
2
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Métropole du Grand Paris
Actor types
regional-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

4 source dossiers

Métropole du Grand Paris — La Zone à Faibles Émissions métropolitaine metropolegrandparis.fr · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-8878776764ec5547
Publisher
Name not classified · metropolegrandparis.fr
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Operator/authority: perimeter inside the A86, Crit'Air phase-in schedule (5/4/3), operating hours. The page carries no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Airparif — Évaluation a posteriori de la ZFE-m du Grand Paris (May 2024) airparif.fr · 8 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-0269a386af2bb624
Publisher
Name not classified · airparif.fr
Type / language
pdf · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Independent monitoring association's a posteriori evaluation of the Crit'Air 4 step: NOx emissions down 42% 2017-2023 with the zone against 36% without (six points attributable), fourteen points for private cars, two points for PM10, no attribution for PM2.5; effects on traffic volume not modelled.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Caradisiac — Contrôles ZFE reportés en 2026 (2025) caradisiac.com · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-a89e8aa03614721b
Publisher
Name not classified · caradisiac.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-12-26
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Enforcement delay: automated sanctions postponed again, pedagogical no-fine period extended to December 2026; May-2025 National Assembly vote to abolish ZFEs.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
L'Argus — Report de la verbalisation des véhicules bannis largus.fr · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-ed1c1062f6bba0fd
Publisher
Name not classified · largus.fr
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2021-12-28
Updated
2022-10-29
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-25
Dossier created
2026-08-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Published 28 Dec 2021, updated 29 Oct 2022: vidéoverbalisation planned for the end of 2021 was postponed sine die because no camera system was operational; physical checks continue.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.