1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Carris Real-Time Bus & Tram Tracking

Revision 2026-08-27-claims-and-sources · effective 2026-08-07

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-27-source-dating →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 9 claims and 7 source dossiers.

sha256:02e02a52384814b688f92b18198711ea9894048f3b6317d674a363bddba0d73b
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
9
of 9 claims mapped
7
source dossiers
6
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-1c3e74727f01f734 quantitative
has published a static GTFS schedule feed since 2020
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The Transitland registry entry for the CARRIS feed records the published GTFS schedule feed and its history.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Transitland — CARRIS GTFS feed record
Claim 2 clm-ff7cc8b421ffa499 quantitative
tracks its fleet by GPS through the XTraN Passenger platform, contracted from Tecmic for about €3.4M between 2019 and 2020 and migrated through 2022
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The October 2022 report describes the migration to Tecmic's XTraN Passenger, a fleet-monitoring and passenger-information system, and states that between 2019 and 2020 Carris invested about €3.4 million in the contract according to the public procurement portal Base.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lisboa Para Pessoas — XTraN Passenger platform migration
Claim 3 clm-8ea5c2a0633dfc49 quantitative
Real-time positions reached Google Maps in December 2023 and the CARRISway app in June 2025
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The December 2023 report announces real-time Carris times in Google Maps; the June 2025 report describes CARRISway, previously a ticketing app, gaining live bus and tram positions.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris real-time data reaches Google Maps
  2. Lisboa Para Pessoas — CARRISway adds a live vehicle map
Claim 4 clm-0e2994815bb18508 quantitative
but Carris closed public access to the API in 2022, saying its data are 'public, which does not mean they are free'
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The October 2022 report states that API access ceased to be public and became restricted and time-controlled, and quotes Carris saying its data are public, which does not mean they are free.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris declines to open its real-time API
Claim 5 clm-d4068b08207e2c01 quantitative
GeoBus, a free iPhone app a volunteer had built from early 2020 to show where Carris buses were, stopped working in December 2022 when Carris changed the key; the developer had no notice either time
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The January 2023 report tells the developer's account: he began building GeoBus in early 2020, published it free on the App Store in April, lost access that summer without prior warning, regained it through a gateway, and lost it again in December 2022 when Carris changed the key, which made the app useless.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris cuts off the independent GeoBus app
Claim 6 clm-cbb3dafdc55779d3 quantitative
The digital-rights association D3 called Carris 'an example not to follow' and pointed at Portugal's 2021 public-sector open-data law, which classes mobility data as high-value data that should be machine-readable, reachable by API and supplied free of charge
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The same report quotes D3 calling Carris an example not to follow, citing the 2021 public-sector open-data law and its treatment of mobility data as high-value data that must be machine-readable, API-accessible and free.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris cuts off the independent GeoBus app
Claim 7 clm-a5419aea417fce7d descriptive
No ridership or reliability effect of the tracking itself has been published
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
None of the reports covering the platform, the Google Maps release or the CARRISway release gives any measure of ridership, punctuality or waiting time attributable to the tracking.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris real-time data reaches Google Maps
  2. Lisboa Para Pessoas — CARRISway adds a live vehicle map
  3. Lisboa Para Pessoas — XTraN Passenger platform migration
Claim 8 clm-fa88fa153bc1ca45 descriptive
Carris says its GPS feed is 'public, which does not mean they are free' and gated it after an independent tracking app used it, while Metro de Lisboa's open API lets outside developers build their own tools
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The October 2022 report carries the quotation and contrasts Carris with Metro de Lisboa, which does publish an open API; the January 2023 report documents the independent app that lost access.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris declines to open its real-time API
  2. Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris cuts off the independent GeoBus app
Claim 9 clm-6b33e4c1077e3143 descriptive
the association that reviewed it answered that maintaining an API costs little and that third-party access does not technically harm the system
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
D3 is quoted saying the cost of maintaining an API is not significant and that from a technical standpoint there is no reason why third-party access would harm Carris's system.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris cuts off the independent GeoBus app

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-27-claims-and-sources effective 2026-08-07 · created 2026-08-27

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

Erratum on this revision's envelope. The snapshot, its hash and its permanent link are untouched.

  • createdAt previously read 2026-09-02T18:00:00Z. The batching script that produced this revision advanced createdAt into the future to satisfy the strictly-increasing order the validator requires per entity. The value never recorded a real event; the corrected value is the moment the revision provably existed in the repository. Corrected to 2026-08-27T03:40:49Z on 2026-08-27; evidence: first appears in commit 1bd3d9fb88, committed 2026-08-27T03:40:49Z.
sha256:02e02a52384814b688f92b18198711ea9894048f3b6317d674a363bddba0d73b
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
9
of 9 claims mapped
7
source dossiers
6
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Carris — Companhia Carris de Ferro de Lisboa
Actor types
city-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (100% owner); XTraN platform delivered under a ~€3.4M contract with Tecmic (2019-2020)
Cost
≈€3.4M (Carris-Tecmic XTraN Passenger platform contract, 2019-2020)
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

7 source dossiers

Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris declines to open its real-time API lisboaparapessoas.pt · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-b4647ebd3673cef8
Publisher
Name not classified · lisboaparapessoas.pt
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2022-10-06
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-07
Dossier created
2026-09-02
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Operator quote ('public, not free'); explicit contrast with Metro de Lisboa's open API.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Lisboa Para Pessoas — XTraN Passenger platform migration lisboaparapessoas.pt · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-a99f7d0fecf80e1b
Publisher
Name not classified · lisboaparapessoas.pt
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2022-10-14
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-07
Dossier created
2026-09-02
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

~€3.4M Tecmic contract (2019-2020), live cutover 11 October 2022, GPS fleet-tracking capabilities.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris cuts off the independent GeoBus app lisboaparapessoas.pt · 4 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-1e691ffc8b517cbe
Publisher
Name not classified · lisboaparapessoas.pt
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2023-01-05
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-07
Dossier created
2026-09-02
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

D3 digital-rights association cites Portugal's 2021 Open Data Law.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris real-time data reaches Google Maps lisboaparapessoas.pt · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-9a2bccb31498940f
Publisher
Name not classified · lisboaparapessoas.pt
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2023-12-12
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-07
Dossier created
2026-09-02
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

December 2023.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Lisboa Para Pessoas — CARRISway adds a live vehicle map lisboaparapessoas.pt · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-61b9b7de08027367
Publisher
Name not classified · lisboaparapessoas.pt
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-06-04
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-07
Dossier created
2026-09-02
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

June 2025 update, real-time to the second.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Transitland — CARRIS GTFS feed record transit.land · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-a9f3a7b2ea124a5e
Publisher
Name not classified · transit.land
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-07
Dossier created
2026-09-02
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

A continuously updated feed registry entry rather than a dated article.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
ECO — Carris ownership transfer to the Lisbon City Council eco.sapo.pt · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-8307a4f743a6793a
Publisher
Name not classified · eco.sapo.pt
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-09-05
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-07
Dossier created
2026-09-02
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Confirms 100% municipal ownership since February 2017.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.