{
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 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "lisbon-carris-realtime-tracking",
  "title": "Carris Real-Time Bus & Tram Tracking",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/lisbon-carris-realtime-tracking/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-source-dating",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T03:40:49Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-07",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 9 claims and 7 source dossiers.",
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   },
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    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
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    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
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     "status": "unreviewed",
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     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2020,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Carris — Companhia Carris de Ferro de Lisboa",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": "Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (100% owner); XTraN platform delivered under a ~€3.4M contract with Tecmic (2019-2020)",
     "cost": "≈€3.4M (Carris-Tecmic XTraN Passenger platform contract, 2019-2020)",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-1c3e74727f01f734",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "has published a static GTFS schedule feed since 2020",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Transitland registry entry for the CARRIS feed records the published GTFS schedule feed and its history.",
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       "added": false,
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      }
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     {
      "id": "clm-ff7cc8b421ffa499",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "tracks its fleet by GPS through the XTraN Passenger platform, contracted from Tecmic for about €3.4M between 2019 and 2020 and migrated through 2022",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "The October 2022 report describes the migration to Tecmic's XTraN Passenger, a fleet-monitoring and passenger-information system, and states that between 2019 and 2020 Carris invested about €3.4 million in the contract according to the public procurement portal Base.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     {
      "id": "clm-8ea5c2a0633dfc49",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Real-time positions reached Google Maps in December 2023 and the CARRISway app in June 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The December 2023 report announces real-time Carris times in Google Maps; the June 2025 report describes CARRISway, previously a ticketing app, gaining live bus and tram positions.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "id": "clm-0e2994815bb18508",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "but Carris closed public access to the API in 2022, saying its data are 'public, which does not mean they are free'",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The October 2022 report states that API access ceased to be public and became restricted and time-controlled, and quotes Carris saying its data are public, which does not mean they are free.",
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      }
     },
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      "id": "clm-d4068b08207e2c01",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "GeoBus, a free iPhone app a volunteer had built from early 2020 to show where Carris buses were, stopped working in December 2022 when Carris changed the key; the developer had no notice either time",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      ],
      "supportNote": "The January 2023 report tells the developer's account: he began building GeoBus in early 2020, published it free on the App Store in April, lost access that summer without prior warning, regained it through a gateway, and lost it again in December 2022 when Carris changed the key, which made the app useless.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
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      "id": "clm-cbb3dafdc55779d3",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The digital-rights association D3 called Carris 'an example not to follow' and pointed at Portugal's 2021 public-sector open-data law, which classes mobility data as high-value data that should be machine-readable, reachable by API and supplied free of charge",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "The same report quotes D3 calling Carris an example not to follow, citing the 2021 public-sector open-data law and its treatment of mobility data as high-value data that must be machine-readable, API-accessible and free.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a5419aea417fce7d",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "No ridership or reliability effect of the tracking itself has been published",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "None of the reports covering the platform, the Google Maps release or the CARRISway release gives any measure of ridership, punctuality or waiting time attributable to the tracking.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-fa88fa153bc1ca45",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Carris says its GPS feed is 'public, which does not mean they are free' and gated it after an independent tracking app used it, while Metro de Lisboa's open API lets outside developers build their own tools",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The October 2022 report carries the quotation and contrasts Carris with Metro de Lisboa, which does publish an open API; the January 2023 report documents the independent app that lost access.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6b33e4c1077e3143",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the association that reviewed it answered that maintaining an API costs little and that third-party access does not technically harm the system",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "D3 is quoted saying the cost of maintaining an API is not significant and that from a technical standpoint there is no reason why third-party access would harm Carris's system.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "title": "Lisboa Para Pessoas — Carris declines to open its real-time API",
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      "title": "Lisboa Para Pessoas — CARRISway adds a live vehicle map",
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     },
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      "id": "src-a9f3a7b2ea124a5e",
      "title": "Transitland — CARRIS GTFS feed record",
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      "id": "src-8307a4f743a6793a",
      "title": "ECO — Carris ownership transfer to the Lisbon City Council",
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       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-09-05",
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Confirms 100% municipal ownership since February 2017.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 9,
     "claimsMapped": 9,
     "sourcesTotal": 7,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 6,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 6,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-source-dating",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T13:37:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-07",
   "changeType": "correction",
   "summary": "Every source on this entry now carries a date key: a publication date where the publisher states one, otherwise an explicit null with the reason on the record.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
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   "changes": [
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     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
    },
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    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
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     "machineChecks": [
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    "projectState": {
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     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
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    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Carris — Companhia Carris de Ferro de Lisboa",
     "actorTypes": [
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     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": "Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (100% owner); XTraN platform delivered under a ~€3.4M contract with Tecmic (2019-2020)",
     "cost": "≈€3.4M (Carris-Tecmic XTraN Passenger platform contract, 2019-2020)",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-1c3e74727f01f734",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "has published a static GTFS schedule feed since 2020",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Transitland registry entry for the CARRIS feed records the published GTFS schedule feed and its history.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-ff7cc8b421ffa499",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "tracks its fleet by GPS through the XTraN Passenger platform, contracted from Tecmic for about €3.4M between 2019 and 2020 and migrated through 2022",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
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      "supportNote": "The October 2022 report describes the migration to Tecmic's XTraN Passenger, a fleet-monitoring and passenger-information system, and states that between 2019 and 2020 Carris invested about €3.4 million in the contract according to the public procurement portal Base.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Real-time positions reached Google Maps in December 2023 and the CARRISway app in June 2025",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
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      "supportNote": "The December 2023 report announces real-time Carris times in Google Maps; the June 2025 report describes CARRISway, previously a ticketing app, gaining live bus and tram positions.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0e2994815bb18508",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "but Carris closed public access to the API in 2022, saying its data are 'public, which does not mean they are free'",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The October 2022 report states that API access ceased to be public and became restricted and time-controlled, and quotes Carris saying its data are public, which does not mean they are free.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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     },
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      "text": "GeoBus, a free iPhone app a volunteer had built from early 2020 to show where Carris buses were, stopped working in December 2022 when Carris changed the key; the developer had no notice either time",
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      "supportNote": "The January 2023 report tells the developer's account: he began building GeoBus in early 2020, published it free on the App Store in April, lost access that summer without prior warning, regained it through a gateway, and lost it again in December 2022 when Carris changed the key, which made the app useless.",
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      "text": "The digital-rights association D3 called Carris 'an example not to follow' and pointed at Portugal's 2021 public-sector open-data law, which classes mobility data as high-value data that should be machine-readable, reachable by API and supplied free of charge",
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      "supportNote": "The same report quotes D3 calling Carris an example not to follow, citing the 2021 public-sector open-data law and its treatment of mobility data as high-value data that must be machine-readable, API-accessible and free.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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     },
     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "No ridership or reliability effect of the tracking itself has been published",
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      "supportNote": "None of the reports covering the platform, the Google Maps release or the CARRISway release gives any measure of ridership, punctuality or waiting time attributable to the tracking.",
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      "text": "Carris says its GPS feed is 'public, which does not mean they are free' and gated it after an independent tracking app used it, while Metro de Lisboa's open API lets outside developers build their own tools",
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      "supportNote": "The October 2022 report carries the quotation and contrasts Carris with Metro de Lisboa, which does publish an open API; the January 2023 report documents the independent app that lost access.",
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      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the association that reviewed it answered that maintaining an API costs little and that third-party access does not technically harm the system",
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      "supportNote": "D3 is quoted saying the cost of maintaining an API is not significant and that from a technical standpoint there is no reason why third-party access would harm Carris's system.",
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     "claimsMapped": 9,
     "sourcesTotal": 7,
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     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
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    },
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     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
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   }
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 ]
}