1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

TuLlave: Bogotá's concession-run fare card & preloaded free trips

Revision 2026-11-04-evidence-baseline · effective 2026-11-03

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 18 claims and 13 source dossiers.

sha256:3953721124a3879bab6191b8f5a5537fef8ef82828230934ad4885deb309e1ca
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
18
of 18 claims mapped
13
source dossiers
10
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-23df9d97a66b351b quantitative
issued by the private concessionaire Recaudo Bogotá under a contract signed in 2011 and running to 2028
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report dates the collection concession to August 2011 and its end to 2028.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Tiempo — why TransMilenio has lost three tribunal rulings to Recaudo Bogotá (June 2023)
Claim 2 clm-7ab80b683d1952a0 descriptive
is the single card for TransMilenio's trunk buses, the zonal SITP fleet and the TransMiCable gondolas
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The card's benefits page lists trunk, zonal and cable services as covered by the same card and transfer.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. TuLlave (Recaudo Bogotá / TransMilenio) — card benefits
Claim 3 clm-80f3036acd5ccc4a quantitative
with free transfers inside a 125-minute window — on personalised cards only
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city states the 125-minute free transfer and that only personalised cards can use it.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Alcaldía de Bogotá — 2026 fare adjustment (Abecé)
  2. TuLlave (Recaudo Bogotá / TransMilenio) — card benefits
Claim 4 clm-2c5f630472fd5a11 quantitative
On 1 February 2025 the city abolished the discounted fare for poor, elderly and disabled riders and instead began preloading their cards with free trips
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city announced that from 1 February 2025 existing fare discounts would be replaced by free trips preloaded on TuLlave cards.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Alcaldía de Bogotá — new transport subsidy scheme, 2025
Claim 5 clm-349049367ad64356 quantitative
1 to 12 a month depending on Sisbén band
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city lists the free-trip bands by group and Sisbén level, up to 12 a month for people with disabilities.
Caveat
The same city page also summarises the range as five to 12 a month; the 1-to-12 band is the one it gives for people with disabilities.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Alcaldía de Bogotá — new transport subsidy scheme, 2025
Claim 6 clm-2b0b8a89783f01d2 quantitative
In January 2026 bank cards were read at just two stations
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report names validators at Portal Norte–Unicervantes and El Tiempo–Cámara de Comercio.
Caveat
Portal Norte–Unicervantes is read here as one station; the later rollout is not counted in any source found.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Tiempo — bank cards and phones enabled at TransMilenio stations (19 Jan 2026)
Claim 7 clm-48a0829fa8fd8e8c quantitative
at the full COP 3,550 fare and with no transfer
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Paying by bank card charges the full fare and forfeits free transfers; the fare from 14 January 2026 is COP 3,550.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Tiempo — bank cards and phones enabled at TransMilenio stations (19 Jan 2026)
Claim 8 clm-a0e5bb6de36c3464 descriptive
so the open loop costs more than the card
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Because a bank-card tap pays full fare on every boarding while a personalised card transfers free, a journey with a transfer costs more by bank card.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Tiempo — bank cards and phones enabled at TransMilenio stations (19 Jan 2026)
Claim 9 clm-465b9d1c23203bde descriptive
Three arbitration tribunals have ruled for the concessionaire
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report counts three decisions in favour of the same contractor, Recaudo Bogotá.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Tiempo — why TransMilenio has lost three tribunal rulings to Recaudo Bogotá (June 2023)
Claim 10 clm-1294f2f9575050c1 descriptive
one of them placing responsibility for fare-evasion control on TransMilenio S.A. rather than on the collector
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The 2021 award found TransMilenio, with the police, responsible for measures against evasion.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Tiempo — why TransMilenio has lost three tribunal rulings to Recaudo Bogotá (June 2023)
Claim 11 clm-13d89d8c35624301 quantitative
evasion cost the system about 295 billion pesos in 2025
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report cites council data: 83 million evasions in 2025 and losses close to COP 295bn.
Caveat
A council release on the same subject gives a lower figure of more than COP 265bn for 2025.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Noticias RCN — fare evasion losses reach COP 295bn a year (10 Jul 2026)
Claim 12 clm-9cfb7a7f932fbb7b quantitative
In 2026 the city tendered a five-year concession for an interoperable collection system
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The column describes the five-year concession tendered by the mobility secretariat; the news report names the tender LP-10-2026.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Publimetro — new collection system changes concessionaire, not dependency (16 Aug 2026)
  2. Semana — the plan to integrate metro and TransMilenio payment (4 Mar 2026)
Claim 13 clm-9c8690c8d397b9c2 descriptive
meant to take bank cards, QR codes and phones across TransMilenio, the metro and Regiotram
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The column lists bank cards, QR codes, phones and wallets and the integration of TransMilenio, SITP, the metro and Regiotram.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Publimetro — new collection system changes concessionaire, not dependency (16 Aug 2026)
Claim 14 clm-71b12072166800e6 descriptive
TuLlave is to keep running during the transition
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city's programme page says TuLlave will keep operating as a means of payment during a gradual transition.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Secretaría Distrital de Movilidad — Sistema Interoperable de Recaudo (SIR)
Claim 15 clm-b32d6353036affcf quantitative
More than 636,000 people received preloaded free trips in 2025
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city's 2026 fare notice gives the number of people who received free trips in 2025.
Caveat
This counts people who received the benefit, not its effect on their travel.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Alcaldía de Bogotá — 2026 fare adjustment (Abecé)
Claim 16 clm-01937c2e6274435a quantitative
against the city's launch projection of about 820,000
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The launch notice projected about 820,000 beneficiaries.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Alcaldía de Bogotá — new transport subsidy scheme, 2025
Claim 17 clm-5056ee841817aa5a quantitative
294,000 aged over 62, 106,000 with disabilities and 236,000 living in poverty
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city breaks the 2025 recipients down by group.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Alcaldía de Bogotá — 2026 fare adjustment (Abecé)
Claim 18 clm-c3e245ee9a02d80f descriptive
three tribunals kept the concessionaire's revenue whole while leaving the fare-evasion loss with the public agency
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report describes three rulings favouring the collector and an award placing evasion control, and its cost, on TransMilenio.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Tiempo — why TransMilenio has lost three tribunal rulings to Recaudo Bogotá (June 2023)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-11-04-evidence-baseline effective 2026-11-03 · created 2026-11-04

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:3953721124a3879bab6191b8f5a5537fef8ef82828230934ad4885deb309e1ca
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
18
of 18 claims mapped
13
source dossiers
10
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Recaudo Bogotá S.A.S., under concession to TransMilenio S.A.
Actor types
private
Funding model
ppp
Funding description
Fare revenue under concession contract 001 of 2011; free trips funded from the district budget
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

13 source dossiers

TuLlave (Recaudo Bogotá / TransMilenio) — card benefits tullaveplus.gov.co · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-5ef0a57b4406819c
Publisher
Name not classified · tullaveplus.gov.co
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Operator page. Carries the 125-minute transfer window ("habilitando la ventana de tiempo de los 125 minutos"), the two-trip credit facility, balance protection after blocking, and the list of covered services: troncal, zonal (urban/complementary/special), dual and TransMiCable.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Alcaldía de Bogotá — 2026 fare adjustment (Abecé) bogota.gov.co · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-124603d3c3630e91
Publisher
Name not classified · bogota.gov.co
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-01-09
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

City notice on the 2026 fare: a single COP 3,550 fare for TransMilenio, TransMiZonal and TransMiCable from 14 January 2026 (+10.9%), free transfers within 125 minutes on personalised cards only, and more than 636,000 people given free trips in 2025 (294,000 older people, 106,000 with disabilities, 236,000 in poverty); for 2026 it projects more than 600,000 beneficiaries and about COP 60bn.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Alcaldía de Bogotá — new transport subsidy scheme, 2025 bogota.gov.co · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-7449acb34c036b8a
Publisher
Name not classified · bogota.gov.co
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-01-18
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Carries the start date ("a partir del 1 de febrero de 2025"), the monthly free-trip bands (1–12 for people with disabilities, 1–8 for over-62s, 5–7 for poor households, by Sisbén IV level A1–B7), the abolition of the previous discount ("Los descuentos en tarifas actuales serán reemplazados por los pasajes gratuitos") and the projection of "aproximadamente 820.000 personas" — a projection the 2026 notice does not confirm; delivery reached 636,000.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
TuLlave — Mastercard and Visa digital payments in the system tullaveplus.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-20eed8b3f47d3dda
Publisher
Name not classified · tullaveplus.gov.co
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-01-28
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Operator announcement of the open-loop pilot: three readers at Portal Norte from December 2024, fare then COP 3,200, and the explicit condition "tarifa plena y no aplican transbordos" — the transfer benefit is reserved for personalised TuLlave cards.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
El Tiempo — bank cards and phones enabled at TransMilenio stations (19 Jan 2026) eltiempo.com · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-1539dee585468791
Publisher
Name not classified · eltiempo.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-01-19
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Establishes the current footprint of the open loop: validators at Portal Norte–Unicervantes and El Tiempo–Cámara de Comercio only, charging the full COP 3,550 fare from 14 January 2026, with free transfers lost. Confirms TuLlave remains the only route to a transfer.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
El Tiempo — why TransMilenio has lost three tribunal rulings to Recaudo Bogotá (June 2023) eltiempo.com · 4 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-9dda089b8ae173be
Publisher
Name not classified · eltiempo.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2023-06-05
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Load-bearing for the ownership question: concession signed August 2011 and running to 2028; December 2016 award of COP 6,511m (COP 25,092m with interest); May 2021 tribunal awarding no money but holding TransMilenio responsible for evasion control; 2023 award of COP 76,417m. El Espectador reported the same 2023 award at about COP 74bn (headline verified by search; the article itself was not fetched), so the entry states the finding, not a single exact figure.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Noticias RCN — fare evasion losses reach COP 295bn a year (10 Jul 2026) noticiasrcn.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-b3f5137bd89d1c8a
Publisher
Name not classified · noticiasrcn.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-07-10
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Counterweight, citing Concejo de Bogotá data: 83 million fare evasions in 2025, losses close to COP 295,000 millones, about 227,000 people entering without paying each day, and full-height turnstiles installed at 21 stations.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Concejo de Bogotá — evasion cost the city more than COP 265bn in 2025 concejodebogota.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-428422cacca12e89
Publisher
Name not classified · concejodebogota.gov.co
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-02-12
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Council release whose headline states that evasion cost the city more than COP 265bn in 2025 — a lower figure than the COP 295bn the press attributes to council data.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Semana — the plan to integrate metro and TransMilenio payment (4 Mar 2026) semana.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-f0986e110f5ea792
Publisher
Name not classified · semana.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-03-04
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Currency check: the Secretaría Distrital de Movilidad opened tender LP-10-2026 for a Sistema Interoperable de Recaudo, targeted for October 2027, to cover the metro and Regiotram de Occidente alongside the existing system. The article does not state who will own the new system or its data.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
El Tiempo — how TransMilenio cards were cloned (5 Jul 2016) eltiempo.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-5cd5e04dd1b31511
Publisher
Name not classified · eltiempo.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2016-07-05
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Corrects the obvious assumption: the fraud of more than COP 27,000 millones hit the legacy red and blue Angelcom cards (Cliente Frecuente and Monedero), roughly 15 million of which were still circulating, not TuLlave; officials described the green card as using banking-grade technology. Cloned cards were finished with green stickers to pass as TuLlave.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Datos Abiertos Bogotá — TransMilenio S.A. datasets datosabiertos.bogota.gov.co · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-676d10cd15f1c21a
Publisher
Name not classified · datosabiertos.bogota.gov.co
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Open-data check, fetched 26 July 2026: 34 datasets, licensed CC BY 4.0 (20), CC BY-SA 4.0 (12) and CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (2) — the first non-commercial licence encountered in this atlas's licence series. The catalogue covers routes, stations, cable pylons and operational zones. A "Validaciones Tarjeta Tullave – SITP" dataset (search index: last modified 2022) returned HTTP 404 at https://datosabiertos.bogota.gov.co/dataset/validaciones-tarjeta-tullave-sitp and is absent from the current listing, so fare-card boarding data is not published today.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Secretaría Distrital de Movilidad — Sistema Interoperable de Recaudo (SIR) movilidadbogota.gov.co · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-79b0302077266227
Publisher
Name not classified · movilidadbogota.gov.co
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The city's page for the interoperable collection system (SIR): it is to accept open city cards, bank cards, QR codes, phones and wallets and, transitionally, TuLlave; it is not an upgrade of TuLlave, and TuLlave will keep operating during a gradual transition.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Publimetro — new collection system changes concessionaire, not dependency (16 Aug 2026) publimetro.co · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-fb306868f90ad400
Publisher
Name not classified · publimetro.co
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-08-16
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-11-03
Dossier created
2026-11-04
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Opinion column: the city tendered a five-year concession, estimated at COP 260–310bn, to design, build, run and maintain the interoperable system for TransMilenio, SITP, the metro and Regiotram; the author argues the city still lacks the technical information to make TuLlave directly interoperable.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.