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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "bogota-tullave-fare-card",
  "title": "TuLlave: Bogotá's concession-run fare card & preloaded free trips",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/bogota-tullave-fare-card/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-04-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-11-04-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-11-04T05:37:39Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-11-03",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 18 claims and 13 source dossiers.",
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     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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     "operation": "add",
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     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
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     "status": "unreviewed",
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    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2012,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Recaudo Bogotá S.A.S., under concession to TransMilenio S.A.",
     "actorTypes": [
      "private"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "ppp",
     "fundingDescription": "Fare revenue under concession contract 001 of 2011; free trips funded from the district budget",
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-23df9d97a66b351b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "issued by the private concessionaire Recaudo Bogotá under a contract signed in 2011 and running to 2028",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9dda089b8ae173be"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The report dates the collection concession to August 2011 and its end to 2028.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-7ab80b683d1952a0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "is the single card for TransMilenio's trunk buses, the zonal SITP fleet and the TransMiCable gondolas",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5ef0a57b4406819c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The card's benefits page lists trunk, zonal and cable services as covered by the same card and transfer.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-80f3036acd5ccc4a",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "with free transfers inside a 125-minute window — on personalised cards only",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-124603d3c3630e91",
       "src-5ef0a57b4406819c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city states the 125-minute free transfer and that only personalised cards can use it.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-2c5f630472fd5a11",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "On 1 February 2025 the city abolished the discounted fare for poor, elderly and disabled riders and instead began preloading their cards with free trips",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-7449acb34c036b8a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city announced that from 1 February 2025 existing fare discounts would be replaced by free trips preloaded on TuLlave cards.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-349049367ad64356",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "1 to 12 a month depending on Sisbén band",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The city lists the free-trip bands by group and Sisbén level, up to 12 a month for people with disabilities.",
      "caveat": "The same city page also summarises the range as five to 12 a month; the 1-to-12 band is the one it gives for people with disabilities.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2b0b8a89783f01d2",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In January 2026 bank cards were read at just two stations",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-1539dee585468791"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The report names validators at Portal Norte–Unicervantes and El Tiempo–Cámara de Comercio.",
      "caveat": "Portal Norte–Unicervantes is read here as one station; the later rollout is not counted in any source found.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-48a0829fa8fd8e8c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "at the full COP 3,550 fare and with no transfer",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Paying by bank card charges the full fare and forfeits free transfers; the fare from 14 January 2026 is COP 3,550.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a0e5bb6de36c3464",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "so the open loop costs more than the card",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Because a bank-card tap pays full fare on every boarding while a personalised card transfers free, a journey with a transfer costs more by bank card.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-465b9d1c23203bde",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Three arbitration tribunals have ruled for the concessionaire",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The report counts three decisions in favour of the same contractor, Recaudo Bogotá.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-1294f2f9575050c1",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "one of them placing responsibility for fare-evasion control on TransMilenio S.A. rather than on the collector",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The 2021 award found TransMilenio, with the police, responsible for measures against evasion.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-13d89d8c35624301",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "evasion cost the system about 295 billion pesos in 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The report cites council data: 83 million evasions in 2025 and losses close to COP 295bn.",
      "caveat": "A council release on the same subject gives a lower figure of more than COP 265bn for 2025.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9cfb7a7f932fbb7b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In 2026 the city tendered a five-year concession for an interoperable collection system",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-f0986e110f5ea792"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The column describes the five-year concession tendered by the mobility secretariat; the news report names the tender LP-10-2026.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9c8690c8d397b9c2",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "meant to take bank cards, QR codes and phones across TransMilenio, the metro and Regiotram",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-fb306868f90ad400"
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      "supportNote": "The column lists bank cards, QR codes, phones and wallets and the integration of TransMilenio, SITP, the metro and Regiotram.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-71b12072166800e6",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "TuLlave is to keep running during the transition",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-79b0302077266227"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's programme page says TuLlave will keep operating as a means of payment during a gradual transition.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b32d6353036affcf",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "More than 636,000 people received preloaded free trips in 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-124603d3c3630e91"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's 2026 fare notice gives the number of people who received free trips in 2025.",
      "caveat": "This counts people who received the benefit, not its effect on their travel.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-01937c2e6274435a",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "against the city's launch projection of about 820,000",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The launch notice projected about 820,000 beneficiaries.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5056ee841817aa5a",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "294,000 aged over 62, 106,000 with disabilities and 236,000 living in poverty",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-124603d3c3630e91"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city breaks the 2025 recipients down by group.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-c3e245ee9a02d80f",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "three tribunals kept the concessionaire's revenue whole while leaving the fare-evasion loss with the public agency",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The report describes three rulings favouring the collector and an award placing evasion control, and its cost, on TransMilenio.",
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       "added": false,
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    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-5ef0a57b4406819c",
      "title": "TuLlave (Recaudo Bogotá / TransMilenio) — card benefits",
      "url": "https://www.tullaveplus.gov.co/conoce-tullave/beneficios",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "tullaveplus.gov.co",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "language": "und",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-03",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04",
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       "status": "record-date-only"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator page. Carries the 125-minute transfer window (\"habilitando la ventana de tiempo de los 125 minutos\"), the two-trip credit facility, balance protection after blocking, and the list of covered services: troncal, zonal (urban/complementary/special), dual and TransMiCable.",
       "exact": false
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-124603d3c3630e91",
      "title": "Alcaldía de Bogotá — 2026 fare adjustment (Abecé)",
      "url": "https://bogota.gov.co/mi-ciudad/movilidad/tarifa-transmilenio-transmicable-y-transmizonal-2026-bogota",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "bogota.gov.co",
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       "publishedAt": "2026-01-09",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "City notice on the 2026 fare: a single COP 3,550 fare for TransMilenio, TransMiZonal and TransMiCable from 14 January 2026 (+10.9%), free transfers within 125 minutes on personalised cards only, and more than 636,000 people given free trips in 2025 (294,000 older people, 106,000 with disabilities, 236,000 in poverty); for 2026 it projects more than 600,000 beneficiaries and about COP 60bn.",
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     {
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      "title": "Alcaldía de Bogotá — new transport subsidy scheme, 2025",
      "url": "https://bogota.gov.co/mi-ciudad/movilidad/transmilenio/nuevo-esquema-subsidios-de-transporte-publico-transmilenio-bogota-2025",
      "publisher": {
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       "publishedAt": "2025-01-18",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-03",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Carries the start date (\"a partir del 1 de febrero de 2025\"), the monthly free-trip bands (1–12 for people with disabilities, 1–8 for over-62s, 5–7 for poor households, by Sisbén IV level A1–B7), the abolition of the previous discount (\"Los descuentos en tarifas actuales serán reemplazados por los pasajes gratuitos\") and the projection of \"aproximadamente 820.000 personas\" — a projection the 2026 notice does not confirm; delivery reached 636,000.",
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      "id": "src-20eed8b3f47d3dda",
      "title": "TuLlave — Mastercard and Visa digital payments in the system",
      "url": "https://www.tullaveplus.gov.co/noticias/pagos-digitales-con-tarjetas-mastercard-y-visa-en-el-sistema",
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       "domain": "tullaveplus.gov.co",
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      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
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       "publishedAt": "2025-01-28",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator announcement of the open-loop pilot: three readers at Portal Norte from December 2024, fare then COP 3,200, and the explicit condition \"tarifa plena y no aplican transbordos\" — the transfer benefit is reserved for personalised TuLlave cards.",
       "exact": false
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-1539dee585468791",
      "title": "El Tiempo — bank cards and phones enabled at TransMilenio stations (19 Jan 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/deja-de-ser-obligatoria-la-tarjeta-tullave-de-transmilenio-habilitan-pagos-con-entidades-bancarias-y-celulares-en-estaciones-de-bogota-3525268",
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       "publishedAt": "2026-01-19",
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Establishes the current footprint of the open loop: validators at Portal Norte–Unicervantes and El Tiempo–Cámara de Comercio only, charging the full COP 3,550 fare from 14 January 2026, with free transfers lost. Confirms TuLlave remains the only route to a transfer.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-9dda089b8ae173be",
      "title": "El Tiempo — why TransMilenio has lost three tribunal rulings to Recaudo Bogotá (June 2023)",
      "url": "https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/fallo-transmilenio-bogota-el-viejo-litigio-entre-empresa-y-concesionario-del-recaudo-775102",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2023-06-05",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Load-bearing for the ownership question: concession signed August 2011 and running to 2028; December 2016 award of COP 6,511m (COP 25,092m with interest); May 2021 tribunal awarding no money but holding TransMilenio responsible for evasion control; 2023 award of COP 76,417m. El Espectador reported the same 2023 award at about COP 74bn (headline verified by search; the article itself was not fetched), so the entry states the finding, not a single exact figure.",
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      "title": "Noticias RCN — fare evasion losses reach COP 295bn a year (10 Jul 2026)",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Counterweight, citing Concejo de Bogotá data: 83 million fare evasions in 2025, losses close to COP 295,000 millones, about 227,000 people entering without paying each day, and full-height turnstiles installed at 21 stations.",
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      "title": "Concejo de Bogotá — evasion cost the city more than COP 265bn in 2025",
      "url": "https://concejodebogota.gov.co/la-evasion-en-transmilenio-le-costo-a-bogota-mas-de-265-mil-millones-en/cbogota/2026-02-12/171046.php",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Council release whose headline states that evasion cost the city more than COP 265bn in 2025 — a lower figure than the COP 295bn the press attributes to council data.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-f0986e110f5ea792",
      "title": "Semana — the plan to integrate metro and TransMilenio payment (4 Mar 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.semana.com/nacion/bogota/articulo/adios-a-la-tarjeta-tullave-el-plan-para-integrar-el-pago-del-metro-y-transmilenio-en-bogota/202649/",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Currency check: the Secretaría Distrital de Movilidad opened tender LP-10-2026 for a Sistema Interoperable de Recaudo, targeted for October 2027, to cover the metro and Regiotram de Occidente alongside the existing system. The article does not state who will own the new system or its data.",
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      "title": "El Tiempo — how TransMilenio cards were cloned (5 Jul 2016)",
      "url": "https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/clonacion-de-tarjetas-de-transmilenio-43493",
      "publisher": {
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       "publishedAt": "2016-07-05",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Corrects the obvious assumption: the fraud of more than COP 27,000 millones hit the legacy red and blue Angelcom cards (Cliente Frecuente and Monedero), roughly 15 million of which were still circulating, not TuLlave; officials described the green card as using banking-grade technology. Cloned cards were finished with green stickers to pass as TuLlave.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-676d10cd15f1c21a",
      "title": "Datos Abiertos Bogotá — TransMilenio S.A. datasets",
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      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Open-data check, fetched 26 July 2026: 34 datasets, licensed CC BY 4.0 (20), CC BY-SA 4.0 (12) and CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (2) — the first non-commercial licence encountered in this atlas's licence series. The catalogue covers routes, stations, cable pylons and operational zones. A \"Validaciones Tarjeta Tullave – SITP\" dataset (search index: last modified 2022) returned HTTP 404 at https://datosabiertos.bogota.gov.co/dataset/validaciones-tarjeta-tullave-sitp and is absent from the current listing, so fare-card boarding data is not published today.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-79b0302077266227",
      "title": "Secretaría Distrital de Movilidad — Sistema Interoperable de Recaudo (SIR)",
      "url": "https://www.movilidadbogota.gov.co/sitio/sistema-interoperable-de-recaudo",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "movilidadbogota.gov.co",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The city's page for the interoperable collection system (SIR): it is to accept open city cards, bank cards, QR codes, phones and wallets and, transitionally, TuLlave; it is not an upgrade of TuLlave, and TuLlave will keep operating during a gradual transition.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-fb306868f90ad400",
      "title": "Publimetro — new collection system changes concessionaire, not dependency (16 Aug 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.publimetro.co/opinion/2026/08/16/nuevo-sistema-de-recaudo-bogota-cambia-de-concesionario-pero-no-de-dependencia/",
      "publisher": {
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       "domain": "publimetro.co",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
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       "publishedAt": "2026-08-16",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Opinion column: the city tendered a five-year concession, estimated at COP 260–310bn, to design, build, run and maintain the interoperable system for TransMilenio, SITP, the metro and Regiotram; the author argues the city still lacks the technical information to make TuLlave directly interoperable.",
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     "claimsTotal": 18,
     "claimsMapped": 18,
     "sourcesTotal": 13,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 9,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 10,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}
