1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Beijing's Financial Public Data Zone

Revision 2026-08-28-baseline · effective 2026-07-26

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-27-editorial-review →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 9 claims and 6 source dossiers.

sha256:35ce13194c2de8cd2816261180d1e13424da85f623833e43bf460af43a1d959a
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
9
of 9 claims mapped
6
source dossiers
4
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-be78ab32ea46a555 quantitative
Since 2020 Beijing has let approved banks and credit firms compute on municipal public data without ever receiving it
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Beijing Daily: the city formally began building financial public data in 2019 and started authorised operation of the financial public data zone in 2020; the zone's products serve credit business at financial institutions. The 2023 measures set the terms on which that computation happens without the data being handed over.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Daily — Financial data zone upgraded into a trusted data space (19 Mar 2025)
  2. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology — Measures for Authorised Operation of Public Data Zones (trial)
Claim 2 clm-2a613c61cdeb2d39 quantitative
The city's 2023 trial rules put it in a formula — raw data does not leave the domain, data is usable but not visible — and barred the operator from providing raw data to the outside in any form; what it may sell are models, verification services and similar products
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Article 21 of the 2023 trial measures: public data is operated under the overall requirement that raw data does not leave the domain and data is usable but not visible. Article 27: operators must not use the data for other purposes and must not provide raw data to the outside in any form. Article 5(2) encourages zones to explore market pricing and to offer models, verification and similar products or services.
Caveat
Article 23 of the same measures qualifies it: raw data may be shared for the lowest of four classification levels, while levels two and three must go through interfaces or deployed models and level four is in principle not shared at all.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology — Measures for Authorised Operation of Public Data Zones (trial)
Claim 3 clm-d394bffd24f5c1be quantitative
Beijing Financial Holdings Group was authorised in 2020 and its subsidiary Beijing Financial Big Data Co. builds and runs the zone
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Beijing Daily: the city authorised Beijing Financial Holdings Group to build and operate the financial public data zone, with its subsidiary Beijing Financial Big Data Co. responsible for the actual construction and operation.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Daily — Financial data zone upgraded into a trusted data space (19 Mar 2025)
Claim 4 clm-eeb419ac235a292e quantitative
Fudan University's open-data index still puts Beijing's ordinary open portal 15th among Chinese cities, behind Hangzhou, Jinan and Shanghai
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The city table of Fudan's China Open Data Index places Beijing 15th with 61.15, behind Hangzhou (89.53), Jinan (84.42) and Shanghai (83.23), among others.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Fudan University Digital and Mobile Governance Lab — China Open Data Index
Claim 5 clm-dc9594bb12aeda95 quantitative
about 200 data service products drawn from 220 categories of data resources and more than 4,000 data items, covering over 3.3 million Beijing market entities, with the total volume reached passing 200 billion records and more than 5 billion added a month
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Beijing Daily, March 2025: the zone has assembled 220 categories of data resources covering more than 4,000 data items and over 3.3 million Beijing market entities, with total data reached exceeding 200 billion records and more than 5 billion added each month, and has put about 200 data service products online.
Caveat
All of these are the operator's own figures, published by the municipal paper; none has been independently audited.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Daily — Financial data zone upgraded into a trusted data space (19 Mar 2025)
Claim 6 clm-f56693481d5be7be quantitative
Sixty-eight institutions have used the zone and it has served them over 400 million times, with close to 20 data-service firms working inside it as partners
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Beijing Daily: the zone has cumulatively served 68 data users with more than 400 million service calls, and works with close to 20 partner institutions in data development and data brokerage.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Daily — Financial data zone upgraded into a trusted data space (19 Mar 2025)
Claim 7 clm-740499e1b8dc98a6 descriptive
Products, categories, data items, market entities, records, service calls, users, partners — each counts the platform's own activity, and none says what a bank decided differently or what it cost a small firm to borrow
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Every figure the operator publishes in the Beijing Daily account is a measure of the zone's own throughput. The municipal financial regulator's page on the Chuangxinrong lending platform describes banks building credit models against the zone inside a sandbox, but its lending figures belong to that platform, not to the zone, and no outcome measure for the zone itself has been published.
Caveat
This is an observation about what the published figures measure, not a finding that no effect exists; a lending or pricing outcome for the zone may exist unpublished.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Daily — Financial data zone upgraded into a trusted data space (19 Mar 2025)
  2. Beijing municipal financial regulator — how the Chuangxinrong SME lending platform works (14 Nov 2022)
Claim 8 clm-d49dbf9396a358e9 quantitative
The 2023 trial measures stated flatly that raw data does not leave the domain and that an operator may not provide raw data to the outside in any form; the measures that repealed and replaced them in 2026 say instead that raw public data not lawfully disclosed is to be strictly controlled against entering the market directly
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Articles 21 and 27 of the 2023 trial measures state the domain rule and the absolute bar. Article 36 of the 2026 measures repeals the 2023 trial measures by document number; article 21 of the 2026 measures requires implementing bodies to strictly control raw public data not lawfully disclosed from entering the market directly — a control requirement rather than the earlier categorical prohibition.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology — Measures for Authorised Operation of Public Data Zones (trial)
  2. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Government Services and Data Management — Measures for Authorised Operation of Public Data Resources
Claim 9 clm-f0954fb2420f5cc1 quantitative
Meanwhile the part anyone can check — the city's ordinary open-data portal — sits 15th at 61.15 on Fudan University's city index, behind Hangzhou, Jinan and Shanghai
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Fudan's China Open Data Index city table: Beijing 15th with 61.15, behind Hangzhou 89.53, Jinan 84.42 and Shanghai 83.23.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Fudan University Digital and Mobile Governance Lab — China Open Data Index

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-28-baseline effective 2026-07-26 · created 2026-08-27

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

Erratum on this revision's envelope. The snapshot, its hash and its permanent link are untouched.

  • createdAt previously read 2026-08-28T03:20:00Z. The batching script that produced this revision advanced createdAt into the future to satisfy the strictly-increasing order the validator requires per entity. The value never recorded a real event; the corrected value is the moment the revision provably existed in the repository. Corrected to 2026-08-27T00:50:50Z on 2026-08-27; evidence: first appears in commit c7e9ec4201, committed 2026-08-27T00:50:50Z.
sha256:35ce13194c2de8cd2816261180d1e13424da85f623833e43bf460af43a1d959a
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
9
of 9 claims mapped
6
source dossiers
4
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Beijing Financial Big Data Co., a subsidiary of the municipally owned Beijing Financial Holdings Group, under the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Government Services and Data Management
Actor types
city-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

6 source dossiers

Beijing Big Data Work Promotion Group Office — Opinion on building the Financial Public Data Zone (9 Apr 2020) ncsti.gov.cn · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-ae746b35cc77fd75
Publisher
Name not classified · ncsti.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-28
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Founding document: the zone is part of the municipal big data platform, built to supply financial-sector data. The page returned an empty body to every automated request in this pass, so nothing here rests on it alone; the 2019 start of construction and the 2020 authorisation are taken from the operator's own account instead. Undated here.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology — Measures for Authorised Operation of Public Data Zones (trial) beijing.gov.cn · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-2b75a0c5cfed3427
Publisher
Name not classified · beijing.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2023-12-08
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-28
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The trial measures, document number 京经信发〔2023〕98号: written 5 December 2023, released and in force from 8 December 2023. Article 21 states the overall requirement that raw data does not leave the domain and data is usable but not visible; article 27 bars the operator from providing raw data to the outside in any form; article 23 allows raw sharing for the lowest of four data classification levels. Repealed by the 2026 measures.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Government Services and Data Management — Measures for Authorised Operation of Public Data Resources zwfwj.beijing.gov.cn · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-d858da01ed8b157b
Publisher
Name not classified · zwfwj.beijing.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-07-09
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-28
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Current rulebook, 京政数发〔2026〕6号: dated and in force 2 July 2026, released 9 July 2026. Article 36 repeals the 2023 trial measures. Article 21 requires strict control against raw public data not lawfully disclosed entering the market directly; article 27 makes products for public governance and public-benefit use free on conditions and allows a service fee, under government-guided pricing, for industry uses.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Beijing Daily — Financial data zone upgraded into a trusted data space (19 Mar 2025) xinwen.bjd.com.cn · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-0563d6ee3407d986
Publisher
Name not classified · xinwen.bjd.com.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-03-19
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-28
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Names the operator (Beijing Financial Big Data Co., a Beijing Financial Holdings Group subsidiary), the 2019 start of construction and 2020 authorised operation, and the volume figures used in impact.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Beijing municipal financial regulator — how the Chuangxinrong SME lending platform works (14 Nov 2022) jrj.beijing.gov.cn · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-8e7a552bd340b376
Publisher
Name not classified · jrj.beijing.gov.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2022-11-14
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-28
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Official account of a separate PBOC Beijing branch lending platform that connects to the zone and builds credit models jointly with banks inside a sandbox — evidence the zone is actually consumed. Its lending figures belong to that platform, not to the zone.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Fudan University Digital and Mobile Governance Lab — China Open Data Index ifopendata.fudan.edu.cn · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-7e3c6e9e58befb5e
Publisher
Name not classified · ifopendata.fudan.edu.cn
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-26
Dossier created
2026-08-28
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Independent ranking of Chinese cities' open data. Read from the live city table, which does not label its edition on the page. A living portal with no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.