Permanent project revision
Revision 2026-10-05-p4-quality-run · effective 2026-10-05
Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.
Quality run to P4: claim array, source dates, present-tense audit. Free travel for registered Tallinn residents continues: the Centre–Isamaa coalition signed on 1 December 2025 pledges to keep it, and ERR in March and May 2026 describes it as running; the city's rules page is gone, and no live source carries the 'rechecked monthly' detail, so it is removed.
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replace /snapshot/projectFingerprint — Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record.replace /snapshot/asOf — Updated asOf to the current sourced project record.replace /snapshot/claims — Updated claims to the current sourced project record.replace /snapshot/sources — Updated sources to the current sourced project record.The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.
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quantitative
Since 1 January 2013, after a referendum in which 75.5 per cent of participants voted in favour, Tallinn has offered fare-free bus, tram and trolley travel to residents recorded in Estonia's population register — the first European capital to do so at this scale
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descriptive
A personalised Ühiskaart smartcard, tapped at every boarding, proves the entitlement
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descriptive
The city states the policy's purpose as including an incentive for unregistered residents to register their address in Tallinn, which raises the city's revenue from personal income tax
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quantitative
A peer-reviewed natural experiment — travel diaries and interviews with a random sample of 1,500 households shortly before and almost a year after the change — found public transport use up 14 per cent, with evidence that the mobility of low-income residents had improved
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descriptive
The authors state plainly that the effect on ridership is substantially lower than in earlier fare-free studies, because Tallinn already had a good level of service, high public transport use and low fares before the policy
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descriptive
Eligibility is tied to being recorded as a resident, and the city names the incentive to register — and the income-tax revenue that follows — among the reasons for the scheme
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quantitative
though ERR reported in May 2026 that an estimated fewer than half of riders do so
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quantitative
The Centre–Isamaa coalition that signed its agreement on 1 December 2025 pledged to keep public transport free
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descriptive
rather than the larger effects reported in earlier studies
This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.
Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.
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src-83f0ac38224e053bConfirms Jan 2013 launch after 2012 referendum and 'first European capital' framing.
src-95c3d6219cef6b60KTH natural-experiment evaluation: ridership effect modest once service supply is controlled for.
src-dfac98146fa1a0dcInternational-organisation case study. States the registration mechanism in the city's own terms: the scheme motivates still unregistered residents to register their place of living officially in Tallinn, which increases the city's revenue from personal income tax.
src-84d7487c68c79a45ERR (Estonian): residents have travelled free since 2013 and must prove the right by tapping their card at each boarding, which an estimated fewer than half of riders do; bank-card or phone validation planned for the end of 2026.
src-33f64d095c72781dCoalition agreement for the 2025–2029 term lists maintaining free public transportation among its measures.