1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

PUB Smart Water Grid & Leak-Detection Sensor Network

Revision 2026-08-27-claims-and-sources · effective 2026-07-17

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-27-source-dating →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 8 claims and 3 source dossiers.

sha256:586b363e15d0e8f8135314a5210bf7564d0da9461b84454c4c3026437ad37488
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
8
of 8 claims mapped
3
source dossiers
1
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-7c6ef7a118476803 descriptive
PUB, Singapore's national water agency, runs a Smart Water Grid that layers sensors and analytics across the island's distribution network
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The agency's site presents the Smart Water Grid programme, and the November 2020 article describes sensors feeding a centralised server where advanced analytics monitor the readings.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency (authority)
  2. Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB)
Claim 2 clm-9f165182c708b858 quantitative
Acoustic leak sensors listen to noise characteristics inside the pipe, send readings to a central server and alert PUB automatically, pinpointing a leak to within about 3 metres
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The November 2020 article states the sensors work by monitoring and analysing noise characteristics in pipes, that the data is collated in a centralised server where analytics alert PUB automatically, and that they pinpoint the leak within 3 metres along the pipe.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB)
Claim 3 clm-7c4b185d52555bde quantitative
They were first trialled in 2017 with 120 sensors along roughly 70 km of large water mains; PUB said it would scale progressively to 1,200 sensors islandwide for leak monitoring by 2021
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The article states leak monitoring sensors were first trialled in 2017 with 120 sensors installed along approximately 70 km of large water mains, and that PUB plans to scale up progressively and deploy 1,200 sensors islandwide for leak monitoring by 2021.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB)
Claim 4 clm-8a2d51a9861d53ea quantitative
The trial detected 13 leaks over three years across 120 sensors on about 70 km of large mains
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The article states the trial was successful, with the sensors detecting 13 leaks over a three-year period.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB)
Claim 5 clm-9e99470bab049fba quantitative
In one case in 2018 the sensors flagged a potential leak on a 700 mm main beside a major expressway, and excavation found a 13 mm corrosion hole
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The article describes the 2018 incident: sensors alerted PUB to a potential leak on a 700 mm diameter water pipe alongside a major expressway, and excavation revealed a 13 mm corrosion hole.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB)
Claim 6 clm-2cfeb651fed44d11 descriptive
nothing in the record here measures what the grid added to it
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
None of the three sources compares water loss before and after the sensor deployment or isolates the grid's contribution.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB)
  2. PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency (authority)
  3. Smart Water (Springer, peer-reviewed) — Singapore water management
Claim 7 clm-25367ea8344308f3 descriptive
the trade article that carries every figure in this entry is published by PUB itself
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The article's own byline names PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency as the publishing partner organisation.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB)
Claim 8 clm-8168efa76cd2a5b8 quantitative
no source confirms whether the 1,200-sensor target set for 2021 was reached
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The 2020 article states the target; neither it nor the agency site reports the deployment actually achieved.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB)
  2. PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency (authority)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-27-claims-and-sources effective 2026-07-17 · created 2026-08-27

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

Erratum on this revision's envelope. The snapshot, its hash and its permanent link are untouched.

  • createdAt previously read 2026-09-03T15:00:00Z. The batching script that produced this revision advanced createdAt into the future to satisfy the strictly-increasing order the validator requires per entity. The value never recorded a real event; the corrected value is the moment the revision provably existed in the repository. Corrected to 2026-08-27T04:13:17Z on 2026-08-27; evidence: first appears in commit 914bd7a36a, committed 2026-08-27T04:13:17Z.
sha256:586b363e15d0e8f8135314a5210bf7564d0da9461b84454c4c3026437ad37488
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
8
of 8 claims mapped
3
source dossiers
1
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency
Actor types
utility
Funding model
utility
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

3 source dossiers

Smart Water (Springer, peer-reviewed) — Singapore water management link.springer.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-2fb4ca943c41eb65
Publisher
Name not classified · link.springer.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-17
Dossier created
2026-09-03
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

A journal article on Singapore water management; the full text is not openly readable.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Smart Water Magazine (trade) — PUB adopts smart tools to detect and pre-empt pipe leaks (content published by PUB) smartwatermagazine.com · 8 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-f15a584e6a4e52fd
Publisher
Name not classified · smartwatermagazine.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2020-11-12
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-17
Dossier created
2026-09-03
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Leak sensors: 120 units on ~70km of mains from 2017, scaling to 1,200 islandwide, ~3m location accuracy.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency (authority) pub.gov.sg · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-8ae1b07de4798dcf
Publisher
Name not classified · pub.gov.sg
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-17
Dossier created
2026-09-03
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The agency's own site, used as the reference for the Smart Water Grid programme.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.