1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Marina Bay District Cooling Network

Revision 2026-08-27-claims-and-sources · effective 2026-07-16

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-27-source-dating →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 7 claims and 3 source dossiers.

sha256:9165160f901b58f5361d6f88db00aff95920204234e2d558f8e0163907d3c13d
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
7
of 7 claims mapped
3
source dossiers
1
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-c87e73345361c3d7 quantitative
SP Group runs Marina Bay's district cooling network, described by its operator as the world's largest underground system, supplying chilled water to Singapore's central district since 2006 with no supply interruptions
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The expansion release states the Marina Bay district cooling network has achieved zero supply interruptions since operations began in 2006; the earlier release calls it the world's largest underground district cooling network and describes chilled water serving the Marina Bay financial district.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SP Group (operator) — network expanded with new developments and satellite plants
  2. SP Group (operator) — Marina Bay network saves more than 40 per cent in energy for customers
Claim 2 clm-72c16fed1232dc02 quantitative
Two satellite plants due to operate in 2027 will add up to 15,000 refrigeration tons and take the network to a total capacity of up to 90,000 RT
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The expansion release states that when operational in 2027 both satellite plants will have a combined cooling capacity of up to 15,000 RT and the network will operate at a total capacity of up to 90,000 RT.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SP Group (operator) — network expanded with new developments and satellite plants
Claim 3 clm-bd5e6369b08371d7 quantitative
Customers are reported to save more than 40% of the energy that in-building air-conditioning would use
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The operator release states customers enjoy energy savings of more than 40 per cent, achieved by leveraging economies of scale against in-building air-conditioning.
Caveat
An operator figure; no independent measurement of customer consumption has been published.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SP Group (operator) — Marina Bay network saves more than 40 per cent in energy for customers
Claim 4 clm-148cf369821e090c quantitative
the network has run with zero supply interruptions since operations began in 2006
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Stated in the expansion release.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SP Group (operator) — network expanded with new developments and satellite plants
Claim 5 clm-69b87d338180278a quantitative
developments subscribing to the expanded network are expected to save up to 20 per cent of cooling-related energy consumption, with a reduction of 25,000 tonnes of carbon emissions a year for the central district once the satellite plants operate in 2027
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The expansion release states subscribing to the solution is expected to help developments save up to 20 per cent in cooling-related energy consumption, enabling a reduction of 25,000 tonnes of carbon emissions annually for the central district.
Caveat
An expectation stated for the expanded network, not a measured result.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SP Group (operator) — network expanded with new developments and satellite plants
Claim 6 clm-ccfe21ba235da8a9 quantitative
more than 40 per cent for customers against in-building air-conditioning, and up to 20 per cent of cooling-related energy for developments joining the expansion
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The two figures come from two operator releases and are framed against different baselines — total energy against in-building air-conditioning in one, cooling-related energy consumption for new subscribers in the other.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. SP Group (operator) — Marina Bay network saves more than 40 per cent in energy for customers
  2. SP Group (operator) — network expanded with new developments and satellite plants
Claim 7 clm-7a95a90520d2ccda descriptive
the third source is an association blog reproducing a newspaper summary of the operator's own commissioning announcement
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The association post is dated 20 June 2017 and reproduces a Today Online summary of 2 March 2016 reporting the formal commissioning of the plant by Singapore District Cooling, a subsidiary of Singapore Power.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. International District Energy Association (independent)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-27-claims-and-sources effective 2026-07-16 · created 2026-08-27

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

Erratum on this revision's envelope. The snapshot, its hash and its permanent link are untouched.

  • createdAt previously read 2026-09-03T14:00:00Z. The batching script that produced this revision advanced createdAt into the future to satisfy the strictly-increasing order the validator requires per entity. The value never recorded a real event; the corrected value is the moment the revision provably existed in the repository. Corrected to 2026-08-27T04:13:17Z on 2026-08-27; evidence: first appears in commit 914bd7a36a, committed 2026-08-27T04:13:17Z.
sha256:9165160f901b58f5361d6f88db00aff95920204234e2d558f8e0163907d3c13d
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
7
of 7 claims mapped
3
source dossiers
1
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
SP Group
Actor types
utility
Funding model
utility
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

3 source dossiers

International District Energy Association (independent) districtenergy.org · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-07af92817279d1e9
Publisher
Name not classified · districtenergy.org
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2017-06-20
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-16
Dossier created
2026-09-03
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

An association blog post reproducing a Today Online summary of the March 2016 commissioning.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
SP Group (operator) — Marina Bay network saves more than 40 per cent in energy for customers spgroup-asia.com · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-8bb1fe627be78cfe
Publisher
Name not classified · spgroup-asia.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-16
Dossier created
2026-09-03
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The operator release stating the customer energy saving against in-building air-conditioning; it carries no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
SP Group (operator) — network expanded with new developments and satellite plants spgroup.com.sg · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-310bf63861e503c6
Publisher
Name not classified · spgroup.com.sg
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-07-16
Dossier created
2026-09-03
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The operator release announcing the expansion, the 90,000 RT target and the satellite plants due in 2027; it carries no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.