Permanent project revision

SFPUC Automated Water Meter Programme

Revision 2026-08-12-showcase-baseline · effective 2026-08-12

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-12-story-xray-claims →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 13 source dossiers.

sha256:e92d4e866f7293dca78c6490f78c2a9fadab004e4820241c74e09d7b7ae57593

All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.

17: of 17 claims mapped
13: source dossiers
6: publication dates recorded
0: archives linked
0: exact locators
0: content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-dd43c3c411b2c9de quantitative

picked Aclara's fixed radio network in 2009

Published field: snippet · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: WaterWorld dates the selection to November 2009: SFPUC 'has selected the Aclara RF Systems Inc. STAR Network' for its citywide AMI project, replacing manual reads taken every two months residentially.
Caveat: Trade press relaying the vendor's parent-company announcement; no SFPUC resolution from 2009 was reachable to confirm the award date first-hand.

Sources carrying this claim

WaterWorld — San Francisco chooses Aclara AMI system to track water consumption (24 November 2009)

Claim 2 clm-b7ac55b8e0995f57 quantitative

began replacing San Francisco's roughly 175,000 water meters in June 2010

Published field: snippet · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: Government Technology: the SFPUC 'on June 7 began its automated water meter program, a two-year effort' and 'started replacing its 175,000-plus water meters in June.'
Caveat: The two-year plan slipped: the Alliance for Water Efficiency dates implementation as 'primarily occurring from 2010 to 2013', and completion was still a budget line in FY2021.

Sources carrying this claim

Government Technology — San Francisco Water Meters to Detect Leaks, Help Customers Track Usage (26 July 2010)

Claim 3 clm-18482db4b092703d quantitative

Transmitters now cover more than 96% of accounts

Published field: snippet · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: The operator's own page: meter transmission units are 'in place for nearly all of San Francisco's 178,000 water accounts', with the network reading 'more than 96% of San Francisco's water accounts.'
Caveat: Operator self-report; the Alliance for Water Efficiency separately states over 99% of ~180,000 retail connections are on the AMI system — a different measure (installed vs. read).

Sources carrying this claim

SFPUC — About Your Water Meter (authority)

Claim 4 clm-bb1afc5f7cb1c29e quantitative

sending hourly readings to 81 collectors

Published field: snippet · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: SFPUC: the MTU collects a reading each hour and transmits 'every six hours'; 'A total of 81 Data Collectors are located throughout the city.'
Caveat: Readings are taken hourly but transmitted in six-hour batches — the page says each transmission lasts under a tenth of a second.

Sources carrying this claim

SFPUC — About Your Water Meter (authority)

Claim 5 clm-73127f16c6fc714d quantitative

a courtesy leak alert flags 48 hours of constant flow

Published field: snippet · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: SFPUC describes a 'courtesy Leak Alert Program' that alerts small accounts after '48 hours of continuous water use of 7.5 gallons an hour or more'; no sign-up is needed.
Caveat: The 48-hour residential threshold dates from November 2021 — before that it was 72 hours (Alliance for Water Efficiency); commercial accounts still use 72 hours plus night-use screens.

Sources carrying this claim

SFPUC — Leak Alerts: Find and Fix Leaks (authority)

Claim 6 clm-e728af0bf02ba69f descriptive

Ageing transmitters have since left thousands unbilled

Published field: snippet · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: SFPUC's own FAQ: 'a technical problem led to some customers not receiving a water and sewer bill for several months', caused by transponders no longer sending data to billing; KTVU counts about 8,200 residents affected.
Caveat: SFPUC has published no customer count of its own; 8,200 is the figure the utility gave to television press.

Sources carrying this claim

SFPUC — Delayed Water and Sewer Bills, Frequently Asked Questions (authority)
KTVU FOX 2 — Unexpected water bills to hit thousands of San Francisco mailboxes (24 September 2024)

Claim 7 clm-30d6a16775d4780f descriptive

cut mean leak volume per meter by a statistically significant margin for single-family homes

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: AWE: 'Three of the four single-family notification programs resulted in statistically significant reductions in mean leak volume per meter' — only SSWD's did not, so SFPUC's is among the significant three (its estimate: 0.63 gallons per meter per day).
Caveat: Pre/post comparison with a nine-month pre-period, no control group; SFPUC part-funded its own case-study participation.

Sources carrying this claim

Alliance for Water Efficiency — Smart Practices to Save Water: An Evaluation of AMI-enabled Proactive Leak Notification Programs (March 2023)

Claim 8 clm-35b19c7ef69f5ded quantitative

by 18% for multi-family buildings

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: AWE: 'the SFPUC's registered an 18 percent reduction' in mean leak volume per multi-family meter, one of two of three multi-family programmes with statistically significant results.
Caveat: Same design limits: pre/post, no control group, co-funded case study.

Sources carrying this claim

Alliance for Water Efficiency — Smart Practices to Save Water: An Evaluation of AMI-enabled Proactive Leak Notification Programs (March 2023)

Claim 9 clm-060bdddbaff03bc6 quantitative

by 51% on non-municipal irrigation meters

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: AWE: 'Leak notifications to non-municipal dedicated irrigation meters resulted in a statistically significant 51 percent reduction in mean leak volume per meter.' SFPUC is the only study participant with such a programme.
Caveat: Same design limits as the other AWE results.

Sources carrying this claim

Alliance for Water Efficiency — Smart Practices to Save Water: An Evaluation of AMI-enabled Proactive Leak Notification Programs (March 2023)

Claim 10 clm-9518e21f7be4da53 descriptive

alerts to the city's own municipal meters, still handled manually at the time, showed no significant effect

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: AWE: 'Notifications to municipal meters did not result in a statistically significant difference in leak volume' — the non-municipal side had 'a fully automated process' while municipal notification was 'manual and depends on the availability of water department staff.' SFPUC has since automated it.
Caveat: The report offers the manual process as the likely explanation, not a proven cause.

Sources carrying this claim

Alliance for Water Efficiency — Smart Practices to Save Water: An Evaluation of AMI-enabled Proactive Leak Notification Programs (March 2023)

Claim 11 clm-c5756bfa2ff2df74 quantitative

SFPUC itself estimated 47 million gallons saved in the fiscal year before August 2021

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: SFPUC news release: 'In the last fiscal year, the Leak Alert program saved SFPUC customers an estimated 47 million gallons of water.'
Caveat: Operator self-report with no published methodology; kept separate from the AWE figures, which come from an outside analysis.

Sources carrying this claim

SFPUC — Announces Expansion of Leak Alert Program (12 August 2021)

Claim 12 clm-8ca4743dd6d51d2d quantitative

77% of notified customers had not known they had a leak

Published field: impact · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: AWE, reporting SFPUC's automated post-alert surveys (n=2,138, running since August 2020): '77 percent were not aware of the usage until they received the notice.' 54% traced it to leaky toilets; 45% fixed it themselves.
Caveat: Survey data collected by the operator and relayed by AWE; voluntary responses, so self-selection is possible.

Sources carrying this claim

Alliance for Water Efficiency — Smart Practices to Save Water: An Evaluation of AMI-enabled Proactive Leak Notification Programs (March 2023)

Claim 13 clm-f69a46cb398ca6c4 quantitative

The vendor's data sheet promised a 20-year battery

Published field: lesson · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: The era-correct 2008 Aclara STAR Water MTU specification sheet: 'Contains a 20-year permanent battery.'
Caveat: Vendor claim, cited as the promise the failure is measured against. SFPUC itself never publicly names battery end-of-life as the cause — its FAQ says only 'aging automated metering equipment'; the juxtaposition is ours.

Sources carrying this claim

Aclara — STAR Network Water MTU specification sheet (©2008, vendor)

Claim 14 clm-3267d66073270131 quantitative

schedules replacement of the system by the end of its 20-year useful life in 2031

Published field: lesson · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: SFPUC's 10-Year Capital Plan: $40.2 million for 'meter renewal, replacement, automation, and replacement planning for the entire AWMP System by the end of its 20-year useful life (ending in 2031).'
Caveat: No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

SFPUC — 10-Year Capital Plan FY 2023-24 – FY 2032-33 (authority)

Claim 15 clm-d24450b2fa17c9ea quantitative

by September 2024 about 8,200 customers had gone months, some more than a year, without a bill

Published field: lesson · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: KTVU: about 8,200 residents affected, 'some customers went three months without bills; others… a year or more.' 48hills broke the story five days earlier with 'Some 8,000 households… haven't received a water bill in months.'
Caveat: Both counts come from SFPUC statements to press; the utility has published no number of its own.

Sources carrying this claim

KTVU FOX 2 — Unexpected water bills to hit thousands of San Francisco mailboxes (24 September 2024)
48hills — Thousands of SF residents about to get a huge backdated water bill (19 September 2024)

Claim 16 clm-46dd1a498ff91f72 descriptive

the utility could not keep up with repairing its ageing transmitters

Published field: lesson · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: SFPUC's own admission: 'Staffing and equipment shortages left us unable to keep up with repairing our aging automated metering equipment. The situation was exacerbated by supply chain delays.'
Caveat: No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

SFPUC — Delayed Water and Sewer Bills, Frequently Asked Questions (authority)

Claim 17 clm-0b04a6c6fccab9d2 descriptive

remain a courtesy with nothing enforced behind them

Published field: lesson · verbatim
Mapping: mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says: SFPUC itself calls it a 'courtesy Leak Alert Program'; the page describes notifications only — no fine, no shut-off, no obligation follows an alert.
Caveat: The absence of enforcement is our reading of the programme description; no source states it as a design decision.

Sources carrying this claim

SFPUC — Leak Alerts: Find and Fix Leaks (authority)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-12-showcase-baseline effective 2026-08-12 · created 2026-08-12

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:e92d4e866f7293dca78c6490f78c2a9fadab004e4820241c74e09d7b7ae57593

Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →

17: of 17 claims mapped
13: source dossiers
6: publication dates recorded
0: archives linked
0: exact locators
0: content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC)
Actor types: utility
Funding model: utility
Funding description: SFPUC water ratepayers
Cost: ≈$50M (2010 press figure; a 2014 press account put spending at $56M)
Ownership: Not recorded
Decision rights: Not recorded
Exit conditions: Not recorded

13 source dossiers

SFPUC — About Your Water Meter (authority) sfpuc.gov · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-05d56ac19f794358
Publisher: Name not classified · sfpuc.gov
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The operator's own description of the system. Supports: 'Meter transmission units are now in place for nearly all of San Francisco's 178,000 water accounts'; the Aclara Fixed Network AMI STAR System reading 'more than 96% of San Francisco's water accounts'; the MTU collecting a reading each hour and sending to a collector 'Every six hours'; 'A total of 81 Data Collectors are located throughout the city'; and the My Account data going live in Spring 2014 with downloadable daily and monthly reports.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-18482db4b092703d
clm-bb1afc5f7cb1c29e

SFPUC — Leak Alerts: Find and Fix Leaks (authority) sfpuc.gov · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-a77ce079bd7d6b86
Publisher: Name not classified · sfpuc.gov
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Currency check and the mechanics. A 'courtesy Leak Alert Program' that 'reviews hourly water use for all meters that transmit data to us electronically', with no sign-up needed; alerts after '48 hours of continuous water use of 7.5 gallons an hour or more' at small accounts, and on overnight use 100% or 300% above the 90-day average at large ones. Gives the current operating figure: 'over 170,000 meters serving 165,000-plus customers'. Confirms My Account is the live customer portal in 2026.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-73127f16c6fc714d
clm-0b04a6c6fccab9d2

SFPUC — Announces Expansion of Leak Alert Program (12 August 2021) sfpuc.gov · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-926fe954f024ded3
Publisher: Name not classified · sfpuc.gov
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2021-08-12
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The only quantified result found, and it is self-reported: 'In the last fiscal year, the Leak Alert program saved SFPUC customers an estimated 47 million gallons of water.' Also dates the extension of alerts beyond homes to 'commercial and industrial properties and larger multi-family buildings', and gives the commercial thresholds (increases of 50 percent or more in use over 90 days, plus nightly spikes).
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-c5756bfa2ff2df74

Government Technology — San Francisco Water Meters to Detect Leaks, Help Customers Track Usage (26 July 2010) govtech.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-068f65ccc40d3705
Publisher: Name not classified · govtech.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2010-07-26
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Anchors the start and the money: the SFPUC 'on June 7 began its automated water meter program, a two-year effort'; 'San Francisco started replacing its 175,000-plus water meters in June'; and 'The $50 million program is being funded by a 91-cent fee that's being tacked onto ratepayers' monthly bills.' The cost and the funding mechanism rest on this press account only — no SFPUC or Controller cost document was reachable. Also records that the online-viewing component was expected to lag the installation, which it did by four years.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-b7ac55b8e0995f57

WaterWorld — San Francisco chooses Aclara AMI system to track water consumption (24 November 2009) waterworld.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-3a2f4d31d443496d
Publisher: Name not classified · waterworld.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2009-11-24
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Dates the vendor selection to November 2009 and describes the STAR Network: low-frequency radio, hourly readings sent four times a day, replacing manual reads taken every two months residentially. Carries the claim that SFPUC 'will be the first major California water utility to install Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) technology to track water consumption' — a vendor-announcement claim in trade press, deliberately not used in the entry.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-dd43c3c411b2c9de

SFPUC — Delayed Water and Sewer Bills, Frequently Asked Questions (authority) sfpuc.gov · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-08dc890a504c86b0
Publisher: Name not classified · sfpuc.gov
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The utility's own account of the failure. 'A technical problem led to some customers not receiving a water and sewer bill for several months. The problem was caused by certain transponders on water meters' — the meters read correctly but 'the transponders were not sending that data electronically to our billing system.' The admission: 'Staffing and equipment shortages left us unable to keep up with repairing our aging automated metering equipment. The situation was exacerbated by supply chain delays.' Also states SFPUC is 'in the process of evaluating and upgrading our meter transponder system', which is the only evidence of a second generation — no contract, count or schedule is given.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-e728af0bf02ba69f
clm-46dd1a498ff91f72

KTVU FOX 2 — Unexpected water bills to hit thousands of San Francisco mailboxes (24 September 2024) ktvu.com · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-4e6e4249e6d8ce0b
Publisher: Name not classified · ktvu.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2024-09-24
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Scales the billing failure: about 8,200 residents affected, some three months without a bill and others a year or more, with SFPUC saying customers are not charged for the repair but remain liable for the service received. Press account; SFPUC has not published a customer count of its own.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-e728af0bf02ba69f
clm-d24450b2fa17c9ea

Alliance for Water Efficiency — Smart Practices to Save Water: An Evaluation of AMI-enabled Proactive Leak Notification Programs (March 2023) allianceforwaterefficiency.org · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-32de3bffb656d438
Publisher: Name not classified · allianceforwaterefficiency.org
Type / language: pdf · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The evaluation that carries this entry's grade — the only outside statistical assessment of the programme. Dates the rollout ('implementation primarily occurring from 2010 to 2013', 'Over 99 percent of its approximately 180,000 retail service connections'), the portal (2014; 'about 53 percent of SFPUC's customers were registered' by spring 2022), the postcard pilot (2015) and the automated programme (2017). Results: SFPUC's single-family programme is one of 'three of the four' with statistically significant reductions; multi-family 'registered an 18 percent reduction'; non-municipal irrigation meters 'a statistically significant 51 percent reduction'; 'Notifications to municipal meters did not result in a statistically significant difference.' Survey (n=2,138): '77 percent were not aware of the usage until they received the notice.' Disclosed limits: pre/post comparison with a nine-month pre-period, no control group, and SFPUC is one of four utility partners that 'provided funding to serve as case studies' — the reason this grades independent, not peer-reviewed.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-30d6a16775d4780f
clm-35b19c7ef69f5ded
clm-060bdddbaff03bc6
clm-9518e21f7be4da53
clm-8ca4743dd6d51d2d

SFPUC — 10-Year Capital Plan FY 2023-24 – FY 2032-33 (authority) sfpuc.gov · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-079a5e52f9345467
Publisher: Name not classified · sfpuc.gov
Type / language: pdf · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The utility's own replacement arithmetic: 'Local Water – Automated Meter Reading System: $40.2 million. This program provides funding for the ongoing Automated Water Meter Program (AWMP) including meter renewal, replacement, automation, and replacement planning for the entire AWMP System by the end of its 20-year useful life (ending in 2031).' The transmitters started failing at scale seven years before that end date. An earlier scenario line ('AWMP Completion (FY21)') also shows final installation was still a budget item in FY2021.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-3267d66073270131

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-4e4219ba1d9b4c34
Publisher: Name not classified · hocutt.com
Type / language: pdf · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Vendor material, used deliberately as the claim the failure is measured against, not as support: 'Contains a 20-year permanent battery.' Also documents the design that made the battery last: 'STAR Network MTUs are capable of one- or two-way communications' but transmit on a timer 'over FCC-licensed, 450- to 470-MHz radio frequencies' — in San Francisco the deployment operates transmit-only, per SFPUC's own description of six-hourly sub-second bursts. Mirrored on a distributor site; the vendor's original page is gone.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-f69a46cb398ca6c4

48hills — Thousands of SF residents about to get a huge backdated water bill (19 September 2024) 48hills.org · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-45982861eb30666b
Publisher: Name not classified · 48hills.org
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2024-09-19
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
The report that broke the billing story, five days before the TV coverage: 'Some 8,000 households in San Francisco haven't received a water bill in months.' Scales the hardship — at typical bills of roughly $50/month for an apartment and $140/month for a single-family home, 'ten months without a bill could mean a sudden payment of more than $1,000' — and carries the general manager's response that SFPUC 'plans on accommodating' hardship cases via payment plans and the 25-40% low-income discount.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: clm-d24450b2fa17c9ea

Municipal Sewer & Water Magazine — Leading the Fight Against Non-Revenue Water (24 August 2015) mswmag.com · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-aad1e0fd7076a98b
Publisher: Name not classified · mswmag.com
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: 2015-08-24
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Trade press quoting the programme's manager mid-drought, when the alerts were still weekly postcards: 'The Aclara report tells us which accounts have exhibited continuous usage every hour over a three-day reporting period each week' and 'The utility reaches out to those who show up on the report by sending weekly postcards.' Frames the drought context: utilities scrambling 'to meet government mandates for a statewide 25 percent reduction in water usage.'
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Rupiper et al. — AMI water meters deliver end-use water and financial savings in leaky households (Environmental Research Letters, September 2024) iopscience.iop.org · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID: src-8e38aaa134894c7d
Publisher: Name not classified · iopscience.iop.org
Type / language: web-page · language not classified
Published: Not recorded
Updated: Not recorded
Source last checked: No source-level check date
Record last verified: 2026-08-12
Dossier created: 2026-08-12
Retrieved copy: No local capture recorded
Archive: No archived copy linked
Content hash: No captured content hash
Locator: Open the recorded source note
Context only — this randomized controlled trial ran at East Bay Municipal Utility District across the bay, not at SFPUC, and must never be read as evidence for this entry. It is cited because it is the nearest peer-reviewed test of the same mechanism: '92.8% of the estimated water conservation is attributable to leak detection and repair.' It shows what the gold-standard evaluation SFPUC has never had would look like.
Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked: Background source; no baseline claim points here

Known limits of this passport

Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.