1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

Weight-Based Food Waste Fee (RFID Smart Bins)

Revision 2026-09-27-popular-uplift-2 · effective 2026-09-27

Current revision. This is the snapshot used by the live entity page.

unreviewed

Popular-entry uplift: sources re-read and dated, full claim array, stale or unsupported passages corrected against the sources, and the 2026 status checked.

sha256:320c7fc87c1fcd0a7b10e151c95d34279f27f5b7ba38936829f37be7b9853130
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • replace /snapshot/projectFingerprint — Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/asOf — Updated asOf to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/claims — Updated claims to the current sourced project record.
  • replace /snapshot/sources — Updated sources to the current sourced project record.
11
of 11 claims mapped
5
source dossiers
4
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-7c554a9b9d61ee1d quantitative
Since 2013, under a nationwide mandate, Seoul households pay for food waste by the amount they throw away
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Seoul's policy account dates the food waste fee in Seoul to 2013; the review dates the nationwide rollout of the weight-based food waste fee to the same year, so the Seoul scheme implements a national rule rather than a city invention.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Seoul Solution - Pay-as-you-throw system of Seoul (authority)
  2. Lee et al. 2024, Sustainability - food waste recycling in South Korea (peer-reviewed review)
Claim 2 clm-a2c9da32bfaa667b descriptive
through standard bags, chipped containers or, in some apartment blocks, RFID-tagged bins
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city's account lists the three disposal routes for food waste and says the weighing system is installed only in some apartment complexes.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Seoul Solution - Pay-as-you-throw system of Seoul (authority)
Claim 3 clm-bd7d9f0351afccef descriptive
residents tap an ID card and the bin weighs each deposit and bills the household by weight
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city describes the card swipe that opens the bin and the monthly accumulation of fees; the national agency describes automatic per-household measurement and charging by weight.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Seoul Solution - Pay-as-you-throw system of Seoul (authority)
  2. Korea Environment Corporation (KECO) - RFID-Based Food Waste Management System
Claim 4 clm-5db2f310af34d55b descriptive
The RFID design targets free-riding
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The study frames the RFID charge as a redesign of the incentive that reduces free riding by identifying each resident's disposal electronically.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lee & Jung 2017, Sustainability - natural experiment on RFID weight charging (peer-reviewed)
Claim 5 clm-375ffb976ccb5506 descriptive
under the shared charge it replaced, a household that threw away less still paid the same
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The study describes the predecessor as a complex-wide charge divided equally among households; the city describes a flat rate per household regardless of the amount generated.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lee & Jung 2017, Sustainability - natural experiment on RFID weight charging (peer-reviewed)
  2. Seoul Solution - Pay-as-you-throw system of Seoul (authority)
Claim 6 clm-24d56524938dfc6e quantitative
A peer-reviewed natural experiment in Mapo-gu compared 12 apartment complexes that switched to RFID weight charging in January 2016 with 61 that kept the shared building charge
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The abstract names the Mapo-Gu district, the 12 treatment and 61 control complexes, and the January 2016 switch.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lee & Jung 2017, Sustainability - natural experiment on RFID weight charging (peer-reviewed)
Claim 7 clm-97c248ec2bff53e6 descriptive
found the weight system reduced significantly more food waste
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
Using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences, the study reports a significant difference and that the weight-based design reduces more food waste than the shared charge.
Caveat
The abstract states significance and direction but no effect size; the entry therefore states neither.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lee & Jung 2017, Sustainability - natural experiment on RFID weight charging (peer-reviewed)
Claim 8 clm-5bca569fe24328f0 quantitative
Seoul's own policy platform reports that the switch from volume to weight cut food waste by 10 to 30%, citing a 2013 study
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city platform reports the 10 to 30% reduction from moving food waste charging from volume to weight, citing a December 2013 study by the Korea Institute of Industrial Relations and the Korea Environment Corporation.
Caveat
A figure the city platform repeats from a 2013 study rather than one it measured itself; the range is wide and the study is not linked.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Seoul Solution - Pay-as-you-throw system of Seoul (authority)
Claim 9 clm-b68d3647a347a9af descriptive
the study names reduced free-riding as the mechanism
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The study's conclusion attributes the effect to reduced free riding once each resident's disposal is identified electronically.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Lee & Jung 2017, Sustainability - natural experiment on RFID weight charging (peer-reviewed)
Claim 10 clm-61dca69d03c63716 descriptive
the weighing system is installed only in some apartment complexes, while detached houses and restaurants use standard bags or chipped containers
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The city says the system is used only in some apartment complexes because installation and operation are costly and need space, and that detached houses and restaurants generally use standard bags or chipped containers.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Seoul Solution - Pay-as-you-throw system of Seoul (authority)
Claim 11 clm-d2a42d916a8253c3 quantitative
households on RFID bins that cut their food waste by 10 to 30 percent or more on the previous year earn Eco Mileage points, in a scheme capped at 1,000 households per half-year
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this file
What the mapping says
The report describes the reward scheme announced by the city in December 2025: RFID-bin households cutting food waste against the same period a year earlier earn Eco Mileage points, with participation limited to 1,000 households each half-year and applications for the first half of 2026 opening in January.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. The Korea Herald - Why Seoul is paying residents to throw away less food (17 Dec 2025)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-09-27-popular-uplift-2 effective 2026-09-27 · created 2026-09-27

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:320c7fc87c1fcd0a7b10e151c95d34279f27f5b7ba38936829f37be7b9853130
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
11
of 11 claims mapped
5
source dossiers
4
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Seoul Metropolitan Government
Actor types
city-government
Funding model
public
Funding description
Not recorded
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

5 source dossiers

Lee & Jung 2017, Sustainability - natural experiment on RFID weight charging (peer-reviewed) mdpi.com · 5 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-981ee3108b47efdb
Publisher
Name not classified · mdpi.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2017-11-08
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Difference-in-differences comparison of 12 Seoul apartment complexes that adopted RFID weight charging against 61 that did not, published 8 November 2017.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Seoul Solution - Pay-as-you-throw system of Seoul (authority) seoulsolution.kr · 6 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-5e6968da231b6b47
Publisher
Name not classified · seoulsolution.kr
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2017-01-13
Updated
2018-06-12
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The city's own policy account of the fee system: the reported reduction from the volume-to-weight switch, and which households the weighing system actually covers.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Korea Environment Corporation (KECO) - RFID-Based Food Waste Management System keco.or.kr · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-52f2e52acbd4f56a
Publisher
Name not classified · keco.or.kr
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

The national agency's description of how the RFID weighing system works. A standing programme page with no publication date.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Lee et al. 2024, Sustainability - food waste recycling in South Korea (peer-reviewed review) mdpi.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e11b4b1f3eb223a3
Publisher
Name not classified · mdpi.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2024-01-19
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Review of South Korea's food waste recycling regime; it dates the nationwide rollout of the weight-based food waste fee to 2013, the national mandate the Seoul scheme sits inside.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
The Korea Herald - Why Seoul is paying residents to throw away less food (17 Dec 2025) koreaherald.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-7e152bee1a30c251
Publisher
Name not classified · koreaherald.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-12-17
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-09-27
Dossier created
2026-09-27
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Reports Seoul's food waste reduction points system: households on RFID weighing bins that cut their food waste against the previous year earn Eco Mileage points, with participation capped at 1,000 households per half-year.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Known limits of this file
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.