1001 Smart Cities

Permanent project revision

El Metropolitano BRT

Revision 2026-08-17-lima-baseline · effective 2026-08-17

Superseded. A later revision exists: 2026-08-20-source-dates →

unreviewed

Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 12 claims and 9 source dossiers.

sha256:4cf8e9bc61e2f0be86a1067063a30b43e69c4c732ca7ef0f03939cb870ecf998
All revisions → Current entity page →

Change set

  • add /evidencePassport — Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers.
  • add /revisionHistory — Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision.
12
of 12 claims mapped
9
source dossiers
6
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Claims, one by one

The text below is copied verbatim from the published record. Each claim names the source dossiers that carry it; caveats stay attached to the claim they qualify.

Claim 1 clm-9b30ec49c97d4b6d quantitative
opened on 28 July 2010 under the city agency Protransporte
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
El Comercio marks the service's anniversary on 28 July and names Protransporte, the Lima municipal agency, as its manager: 'Este 28 de julio el servicio de transporte Metropolitano cumplió 7 años.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Comercio — the Metropolitano at seven years (31 July 2017)
Claim 2 clm-5fab8d3cdf813aa4 quantitative
the ATU, the transport authority for Lima and Callao, took it over on 14 September 2020
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The official gazette fixes 14 September 2020 as the date ATU began exercising the functions transferred from Protransporte under the Ley 30900 merger.
Caveat
Gazette record confirmed via the search index; the page itself resisted automated fetching.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Peruano — Resolución N° 127-2020-ATU/PE
Claim 3 clm-e76aad0a46123faa descriptive
Riders still pay with the system's own Metropolitano card, topped up through mobile wallets
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
Infobae describes passengers recharging their Metropolitano card through the Yape and Plin mobile wallets and validating it at station validators.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Infobae — ATU's digital tools (18 July 2026)
Claim 4 clm-0921940e1bb1288e quantitative
Lima's interoperable card runs on Metro Line 2, not here
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The official gazette reports the interoperable card working on Metro Line 2 since 2024, with the Metropolitano still only a target for future extension: 'la tarjeta interoperable funciona desde el 2024 en la Línea 2 del Metro de Lima y Callao.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Peruano — interoperable transport card (16 June 2026)
Claim 5 clm-4b2f0ea569b91054 quantitative
Ridership reached about 480,000 trips a day in late 2025
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
ATU's year-end figures put the Metropolitano at 480,000 daily trips in the last quarter of 2025: 'alcanzando 480 mil viajes diarios en el último trimestre del año.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Comercio — ATU year-end balance (31 December 2025)
Claim 6 clm-76e7843cb48a47fe descriptive
Fifteen years in, the concession is still formally preoperative
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
More than fifteen years after service began, the contract remains in its preoperative stage; ATU is preparing a structural addendum to start the operational phase: 'Tras más de 15 años de funcionamiento en etapa preoperativa.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Stakeholders — ATU announces structural addendum (27 May 2026)
Claim 7 clm-74f0b2911a0b24c9 quantitative
11 of the 17 northern-extension stations stand built but closed
Published field
snippet · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
La República names all 11 closed stations of the 17-station northern extension and quotes ATU saying the fleet is too small to serve every stop without harming the operation.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. La República — 'Las estaciones fantasma del Metropolitano' (8 August 2026)
Claim 8 clm-64714c57ff488267 quantitative
About 480,000 trips a day in the last quarter of 2025, up from 420,000 at the start of that year, according to ATU figures
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The demand figures and the year-on-year growth are ATU's own, published in its end-of-year balance: '480 mil viajes diarios en el último trimestre del año, frente a los 420 mil del inicio del 2025.'
Caveat
The authority's own count, not an independent measurement.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. El Comercio — ATU year-end balance (31 December 2025)
Claim 9 clm-796ec300c6f6f871 descriptive
found large impacts on employment, hours worked and labour earnings for people living close to trunk stations, but none for those near the feeder lines, and no evidence of impacts for populations in lower-income areas
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The paper's difference-in-differences estimates: 'We find large impacts on employment, hours worked and labor earnings for those individuals close to the BRT stations, but not for those who live close to the feeder lines. … we find no evidence of impacts for populations living in lower income areas.'
Caveat
An IDB working paper, not a journal article — and the IDB co-financed the system.

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Scholl, Martínez, Mitnik, Oviedo & Yáñez-Pagans (2018) — 'A Rapid Road to Employment?', IDB Working Paper 9452 / IZA DP 12019
Claim 10 clm-65f69b58d1db9a8b quantitative
The northern extension cost S/532 million
Published field
impact · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
La República gives the cost of the northern-extension infrastructure handed to ATU: 'infraestructura que costó S/532 millones.'
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. La República — 'Las estaciones fantasma del Metropolitano' (8 August 2026)
Claim 11 clm-756763471bab3603 descriptive
fifteen years after opening, the concession is still formally preoperative
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The system has run more than fifteen years without formally entering its operational phase.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. Stakeholders — ATU announces structural addendum (27 May 2026)
Claim 12 clm-34868a5cd440c6b1 descriptive
finished stations stay shut waiting on a contract addendum and buses rather than on any missing technology
Published field
lesson · verbatim
Mapping
mapped · no interpretation or interpolation added by this passport
What the mapping says
The blockers La República identifies are the structural addendum still being corrected at the finance ministry and a fleet too small to serve the stops — not construction or systems.
Caveat
No claim-specific caveat recorded

Sources carrying this claim

  1. La República — 'Las estaciones fantasma del Metropolitano' (8 August 2026)

Source dossiers and revision state

This layer records what is known about each source, what is still missing, and the exact snapshot this page is rendering. A missing date, archive or hash stays visible as missing.

unreviewed Revision 2026-08-17-lima-baseline effective 2026-08-17 · created 2026-08-17

Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither.

sha256:4cf8e9bc61e2f0be86a1067063a30b43e69c4c732ca7ef0f03939cb870ecf998
Revision history → Permanent version link → Machine-readable record → Evidence Constitution →
12
of 12 claims mapped
9
source dossiers
6
publication dates recorded
0
archives linked
0
exact locators
0
content captures hashed

Governance facts carried by the record

Operator
Autoridad de Transporte Urbano para Lima y Callao (ATU); trunk and feeder services run by private concessionaires
Actor types
regional-government, private
Funding model
ppp
Funding description
Municipal infrastructure investment with multilateral support (IDB, World Bank); concessionaires operate the buses on fare revenue
Cost
Not recorded
Ownership
Not recorded
Decision rights
Not recorded
Exit conditions
Not recorded

9 source dossiers

El Comercio — ATU year-end balance (31 December 2025) elcomercio.pe · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-e785f039d461e617
Publisher
Name not classified · elcomercio.pe
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2025-12-31
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Carries the ridership figures, attributed to ATU: 480,000 daily trips in Q4 2025 against 420,000 at the start of 2025.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
La República — 'Las estaciones fantasma del Metropolitano' (8 August 2026) larepublica.pe · 3 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-3bf5f33cc4107f3f
Publisher
Name not classified · larepublica.pe
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-08-08
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Strongest recent source: names the 17 stations of the ampliación norte, the 11 still closed, the S/532M cost, the stalled MEF addendum and ATU's own fleet-shortage statement. Sol figure converted here at roughly S/3.55 per US$ (mid-2026 rate) and rounded generously; no source states a dollar value.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Stakeholders — ATU announces structural addendum (27 May 2026) stakeholders.com.pe · 2 linked claims

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-94775222dc8a9faa
Publisher
Name not classified · stakeholders.com.pe
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-05-27
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Documents that the concession has run more than 15 years in a preoperative phase and that ATU planned to send its addendum proposal to the MEF on 15 June 2026.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Scholl, Martínez, Mitnik, Oviedo & Yáñez-Pagans (2018) — 'A Rapid Road to Employment?', IDB Working Paper 9452 / IZA DP 12019 ideas.repec.org · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-fcc89bdd844a2771
Publisher
Name not classified · ideas.repec.org
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Quasi-experimental difference-in-differences evaluation of the Metropolitano. A working paper, not a peer-reviewed journal article — and the IDB also supported the system, so it is funder-adjacent research. Full text: https://docs.iza.org/dp12019.pdf

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
El Peruano — interoperable transport card (16 June 2026) elperuano.pe · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-4e14d3b7049a1b8d
Publisher
Name not classified · elperuano.pe
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-06-16
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Official gazette: the interoperable card (TIT) has run on Metro Line 2 since 2024; extension to the Metropolitano, the corredores and Metro Line 1 is planned, and the new card will coexist with each service's own card.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Infobae — ATU's digital tools (18 July 2026) infobae.com · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-0d19c29ee7ff1ed8
Publisher
Name not classified · infobae.com
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2026-07-18
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Describes Metropolitano card top-up via Yape/Plin and station validators, and the ATU-wide real-time GPS feed into the SIT's Centro de Gestión y Monitoreo. Notably describes no passenger real-time arrival app.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
El Comercio — the Metropolitano at seven years (31 July 2017) elcomercio.pe · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-fc9a5cc32a4ebbd9
Publisher
Name not classified · elcomercio.pe
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
2017-07-31
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Dates the start of service to 28 July 2010 under Protransporte, and records that the Carabayllo extension announced in 2015 had not materialised.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
El Peruano — Resolución N° 127-2020-ATU/PE busquedas.elperuano.pe · 1 linked claim

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-a96fb3a6f5d87b8d
Publisher
Name not classified · busquedas.elperuano.pe
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Official gazette record setting 14 September 2020 as the start of ATU's exercise of the functions transferred from PROTRANSPORTE under the Ley 30900 merger. Confirmed via the search index; the gazette page itself was not fetched directly.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Contraloría General de la República — alert on repeated delays in the northern extension gob.pe · background

Open original source ↗

Stable source ID
src-6bb92a4d1a095c05
Publisher
Name not classified · gob.pe
Type / language
web-page · language not classified
Published
Not recorded
Updated
Not recorded
Source last checked
No source-level check date
Record last verified
2026-08-17
Dossier created
2026-08-17
Retrieved copy
No local capture recorded
Archive
No archived copy linked
Content hash
No captured content hash
Locator
Open the recorded source note

Peru's national audit office on the Naranjal–Chimpu Ocllo works. gob.pe returns HTTP 418 to automated fetches (bot wall); the alert is corroborated by El Comercio, Gestión and Ojo.

Descriptive only — not page/paragraph exact
Claims linked
Background source; no baseline claim points here
Known limits of this passport
  • Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.
  • Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.
  • A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.
  • The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim.