{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "vienna-lorawan-network",
  "title": "Wiener Netze / Wien Energie LoRaWAN Sensor Network",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/vienna-lorawan-network/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T09:11:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-22",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 9 claims and 5 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:18f82fc8ddb939092a8ae88084ee223db4426aff99b81746e8c9402e8ee2cf8a",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-22",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:956caee2902eb1c8c01e894db428e11fcc15b330af50c11809b92272baf8f183",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2019,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Wiener Netze & Wien Energie",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "utility",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-0343adc3c530875c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 2019 Wiener Netze and Wien Energie have expanded a LoRaWAN sensor network",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6b686741c0ad2db4",
       "src-f9b089fe58158360"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Wiener Netze states the build-out year and the division of roles on its own network page: \"Wir bauen die LoRaWAN®-Netzinfrastruktur in Wien und Umgebung seit 2019 konsequent aus\" (we have been steadily expanding the LoRaWAN network infrastructure in Vienna and its surroundings since 2019), and \"Unsere Hauptpartner*innen sind Wien Energie und die Stadt Wien. Wien Energie betreibt das für den Betrieb und die Weiterverarbeitung der Sensordaten erforderliche IT-System (Networkserver)\" (Wien Energie runs the IT system, the network server, needed to operate the network and process the sensor data). Actility's release describes the same split: \"Wiener Netze, a sister company of Wien Energie, is entrusted with building the outdoor network in Vienna, while Wien Energie focuses on indoor solutions.\"",
      "caveat": "The 2019 start date is the network operator's own account of when it began building the infrastructure. The two companies are sister utilities of the municipal Wiener Stadtwerke group, so this is the builder describing its own timeline; no outside source dates the start independently. Actility's June 2023 release describes the network as still \"undergoing a testing process\" at that point, with scalable use cases expected from early 2024 — so the years between 2019 and 2023 covered infrastructure build-out rather than services in use.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-237a6ca598361951",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "targeting 450 gateway locations citywide by 2029",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6b686741c0ad2db4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's page names both the figure and the year: \"Bis 2029 wird die Netzinfrastruktur flächendeckend mit 450 Gateway-Standorten angeboten\" (by 2029 the network infrastructure will be offered with area-wide coverage from 450 gateway locations). The same page frames the network as built \"im gesamten Wiener Stadtgebiet\" (across the whole Vienna city area).",
      "caveat": "This is a plan, not a count. The operator gives no figure for how many gateway locations are in service today, and \"450\" refers to gateway locations rather than individual gateways. Area-wide coverage is what the operator promises for 2029; for now the same page claims only \"eine sehr gute Basisabdeckung für erste Anwendungen\" — good basic coverage for first applications.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-55eed413cdf8bf16",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Actility's ThingPark platform from 2023",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f9b089fe58158360"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Actility's release is dated \"Press Release – Vienna, Austria & Paris, France – June 29th, 2023\" and states that \"Actility, renowned for its advanced IoT solutions, provides its flagship ThingPark Wireless platform for the project.\"",
      "caveat": "This is the supplier's own announcement of the contract, so it describes what the platform was chosen to do rather than what it went on to deliver. The release itself says the network was \"currently undergoing a testing process\" in June 2023, with scalable use cases expected from early 2024.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-98d4431ef90aa160",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "network-server tender won by The Things Industries in 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d2094394931e7077"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Things Industries announced on 23 September 2025: \"Amsterdam, 23 September 2025 – The Things Industries (TTI), a global leader in LoRaWAN® enterprise solutions, wins tender from Wien Energie, Austria's largest regional energy provider, to supply its LoRaWAN Network Server (LNS) as a highly available and scalable on-premises enterprise solution.\"",
      "caveat": "This is the winning supplier's own announcement. It reports the award of the contract, not a completed migration, and neither Wien Energie nor Wiener Netze confirms the change on its own pages.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-84ba198c8ff0e89f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Vienna's waste authority MA 48 already GPS-tracks containers over it in real time",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-aa80272d83b134cc",
       "src-11a51f440da6e5ad"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's own page reports it directly: \"Durch den Einsatz von Sensoren mit GPS-Ortung werden Mulden jetzt automatisch und in Echtzeit über das Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)-Netzwerk der Wien Energie lokalisiert\" (using sensors with GPS positioning, skips are now located automatically and in real time over Wien Energie's LoRaWAN network). Wien Energie describes the same deployment under the heading \"Digitale Innovation bei der MA 48: Mulden-Tracking in Echtzeit\" and states \"Jede Mulde ist nun über die Wien Digital Echtzeitdatenplattform der Stadt Wien auffindbar.\" This ties the waste application to this network rather than to a separate one.",
      "caveat": "The tracked objects are Mulden — the several thousand skips and roll-off containers MA 48 moves around the city each year — not the fixed street bins a reader may picture. Neither source says how many are fitted with sensors or when the roll-out began.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5464e23d4cedc818",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "other confirmed uses are air-quality, water and energy monitoring",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6b686741c0ad2db4",
       "src-11a51f440da6e5ad"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Wiener Netze names exactly these three fields: \"Daten aus Sensoren, zum Beispiel zur Luftqualität und zum Wasser- oder Energieverbrauch, werden über das Netzwerk (Gateways) an eine zentrale Stelle gesendet\" (sensor data, for example on air quality and on water or energy consumption, is sent over the network to a central point), and it names water meters as a joint application with city departments: \"spezifischen Anwendungen (zum Beispiel Wasserzähler)\". Wien Energie lists the application areas of its LoRaWAN product as \"Smart Metering, Intelligente Bewässerungssysteme, Umweltmonitoring, Predictive Maintenance, Smart Buildings\".",
      "caveat": "Both operators describe these as the kinds of application the network is built for, not as documented deployments. Neither page reports how many sensors are in service, which districts they cover, or what the readings have shown — so \"confirmed\" here means the operator names the use, not that a result has been published.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-623412dd3c4e3e7f",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "MA 48 GPS-tracks waste containers city-wide over the network in real time",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-aa80272d83b134cc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The City of Vienna reports the deployment across the city area: \"Jährlich bewegt die Abteilung Abfallwirtschaft, Straßenreinigung und Fuhrpark (MA 48) in Wien zahlreiche Mulden im Stadtgebiet\" (each year MA 48 moves numerous skips around the city area), and \"werden Mulden jetzt automatisch und in Echtzeit über das Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)-Netzwerk der Wien Energie lokalisiert\".",
      "caveat": "\"City-wide\" describes where the skips travel, not a measured extent of the tracking service. The city states that MA 48 moves them throughout the city area; it does not say that the whole fleet carries a sensor, and the network itself is described by its operator as offering basic coverage rather than full area coverage until 2029.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d2a0333cfff92565",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "via the Wien Digital IoT-Base platform",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-aa80272d83b134cc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city names the platform by name: \"Die Standortdaten fließen direkt in die Echtzeitdaten-Plattform von Wien Digital, die IoT-Base\" (the location data flows straight into Wien Digital's real-time data platform, the IoT-Base).",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-25839853df74f8e3",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "network coverage itself is still expanding toward a targeted 450 gateway locations by 2029",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6b686741c0ad2db4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator says both halves in the same paragraph: \"Die bestehenden Gateway-Standorte bieten bereits jetzt eine sehr gute Basisabdeckung für erste Anwendungen\" (the existing gateway locations already provide very good basic coverage for first applications) and \"Bis 2029 wird die Netzinfrastruktur flächendeckend mit 450 Gateway-Standorten angeboten.\" It adds: \"Das Funknetz deckt bereits jetzt viele Gebiete ab und wird laufend erweitert\" (the radio network already covers many areas and is being continuously extended).",
      "caveat": "The operator publishes no figure for gateways in service today, so the distance still to go cannot be measured from these sources — only that full area coverage is promised for 2029 and that today's coverage is described as a basic level.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-6b686741c0ad2db4",
      "title": "Wiener Netze (operator)",
      "url": "https://www.wienernetze.at/funknetzwerk",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "wienernetze.at",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-22",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Official page: network built since 2019, target 450 gateways by 2029, current basic coverage, confirmed use cases (air quality, water, energy).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-11a51f440da6e5ad",
      "title": "Wien Energie (operator)",
      "url": "https://www.wienenergie.at/business/produkte/internet-of-things/lorawan-konnektivitaet/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "wienenergie.at",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Official page: LoRaWAN product/network details, confirmed application areas (smart metering, irrigation, environmental monitoring, CO2, smart buildings).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-aa80272d83b134cc",
      "title": "Digitales Wien / City of Vienna (authority)",
      "url": "https://digitales.wien.gv.at/iot-optimiert-prozesse-in-wien/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "digitales.wien.gv.at",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "clm-623412dd3c4e3e7f",
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      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-04-21",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-22",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "City government page (dated 21 Apr 2026) on MA 48's GPS waste-container tracking over the Wien Energie LoRaWAN network.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-f9b089fe58158360",
      "title": "Actility (vendor, partnership announcement)",
      "url": "https://www.actility.com/wien-energie-pr/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "actility.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2023-06-29",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-22",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "June 2023 partnership/platform announcement; net-zero-by-2040 framing quote from Wien Energie.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-d2094394931e7077",
      "title": "The Things Industries (vendor, follow-on tender)",
      "url": "https://www.thethingsindustries.com/news/the-things-industries-wins-tender-to-power-wien-energies-iot-connectivity-in-vienna-with-scalable-on-premises-lorawan-network-server/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "thethingsindustries.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-98d4431ef90aa160"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-09-23",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-22",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Sept. 2025: tender win for the LoRaWAN network-server component, showing the platform evolved after the 2023 Actility announcement.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 9,
     "claimsMapped": 9,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}