{
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 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
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  "id": "toronto-smart-meters-tou",
  "title": "Toronto Hydro Smart Meters and Ontario's Time-of-Use Pricing",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/toronto-smart-meters-tou/"
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 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-20-source-dates",
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   "createdAt": "2026-08-20T18:42:52Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 1 claim and 12 source dossiers.",
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   },
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    "date": null,
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   },
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     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "peer-reviewed",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2004,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Toronto Hydro-Electric System Limited (City of Toronto); prices and price plans set by the Ontario Energy Board",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility",
      "regional-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "utility",
     "fundingDescription": "Ontario electricity ratepayers, recovered through OEB-regulated distribution rates",
     "cost": "≈CAD 1.9B province-wide (Ontario, to 2014); initially projected at ≈CAD 1B",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "A peer-reviewed Energy Policy study of 20,000+ Ontario households found demand fell 2.6% on-peak and 2.4% mid-peak after the switch to time-of-use billing.",
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      "supportNote": null,
      "caveat": "The entry's lesson notes the price signal was too weak to move much load — on-peak still costs only about twice off-peak in Toronto in 2026.",
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       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "title": "Auditor General of Ontario — news release, 2014 Annual Report s.3.11",
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       "value": "Release title, verified in the document metadata: 'Rollout of $1.9-billion Smart Metering Initiative Had Serious Shortcomings — Benefits Not Yet Realized'. This is the authority for the CAD 1.9B headline figure.",
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      "title": "Auditor General of Ontario — 2014 Annual Report, Section 3.11 Smart Metering Initiative",
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       "value": "Carries the audit findings: 'its projected net benefits of approximately $600 million over 15 years were significantly overstated by at least $512 million', which 'should have been reflected as only $88 million over 15 years', and that costs 'had reached almost $2 billion (compared to the initial projected cost of $1 billion)' as of May 2014. Text reached via the PDF's search index; the file does not render for automated extraction.",
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      "title": "Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Standing Committee on Public Accounts — Smart Metering Initiative",
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       "value": "Independent confirmation of scale and sequence: '4.8 million smart meters had been installed in homes and at small businesses' as of May 2014, and 'no cost-benefit analyses or business case studies were done before the government announced Smart Metering in April 2004'.",
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     {
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      "title": "Toronto Hydro — news release, 14 May 2009: 'They're Here: Toronto Hydro Shifts to TOU Rates'",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator source for the Toronto switchover: 'To date, more than 611,000 Toronto Hydro customers have smart meters'; first 10,000 customers moved to time-of-use rates in June 2009, the rest over the following 12 months. The 611,000 is a 2009 count, not a current one.",
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      "title": "Toronto Hydro — Choose your electricity price plan (Customer Choice)",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Establishes time-of-use as the default: 'regardless of which plan you choose, your first bill will be charged on the Time-of-Use price plan.' Lists TOU, Tiered and Ultra-Low Overnight; the Ontario Energy Board sets all rates and thresholds.",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Regulator's own statement: 'The choice between TOU, ULO and Tiered prices is available to residential and small business customers that have smart meters and are billed under the OEB's RPP', and 'Most residential and small business customers in Ontario pay TOU prices.'",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Dates the ultra-low overnight option: utilities could offer ULO from 1 May 2023 and 'By November 1, 2023, all utilities must offer ULO to their customers.'",
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       "value": "Current tariff, summer 2026: off-peak 9.8, mid-peak 15.7, on-peak 20.3 cents/kWh — an on-peak to off-peak ratio of about 2.1 to 1. Confirms 'The Ontario Energy Board (OEB) sets and approves all electricity rates.'",
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      "title": "University of Waterloo — study of Ontario time-of-use pricing (Golab, Rosenberg & Miller, Energy Policy)",
      "url": "https://uwaterloo.ca/news/news/study-shows-big-smart-meter-investment-yielded-very-small",
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       "value": "Peer-reviewed measurement: 'residential demand for electricity dropped just 2.6 per cent during on-peak periods and 2.4 per cent during mid-peak periods.' Based on 20,000+ households at one southwestern Ontario distributor, nine months before and after time-of-use began in November 2011 — Ontario-wide behaviour, not Toronto-specific.",
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      "title": "Toronto Hydro — Meter replacement program",
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       "value": "Currency check: 'As of May 2024, we've begun a five-year project to replace residential and small business customer meters', swapping first-generation for next-generation meters as the originals approach end of life.",
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      "title": "Toronto Hydro — Green Button",
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       "value": "Supports the data-access claim: customers download their own consumption data (Download My Data) and can authorise third parties to receive it (Connect My Data), revocable from the self-serve portal.",
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      "title": "Toronto Hydro Corporation — Annual Information Form for the year ended 31 December 2025",
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       "value": "Corporate source for ownership: Toronto Hydro Corporation is wholly owned by the City of Toronto, serving roughly 800,000 customers.",
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     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}