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  "title": "Tehran Traffic Zone automated congestion charging",
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     "operator": "Tehran Traffic Control Company",
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      "text": "the Tehran Traffic Control Company automated enforcement with over 300 ANPR cameras at 104 entry points from 2010",
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      "text": "in May 2018, replaced daily permits with per-day charges that vary by entry time and duration, deducted from an account with the municipality",
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      "text": "In June 2019 the surrounding odd-even ring was converted into a second camera-charged Air Pollution Control zone, with each car allowed 20 free entry days per season.",
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      "text": "Under wartime conditions the city suspended both charges from late February 2026 and reinstated them in mid-April.",
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      "text": "In the operator's own account, police at the entry roads had fined about 2 in 10 violators; with the cameras, over 75% of violators were identified and fined, out of more than 5 million monthly entries of which 20% were unauthorised.",
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      "text": "A peer-reviewed comparison of three neighbourhoods (2017) found that the zoning reduced driving, the permit core far more than the odd-even ring, while travel times in both zones rose.",
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      "text": "A 2025 difference-in-difference study found that pricing reduced housing values by about 7%, and that lifting the charge raised them.",
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      "text": "Rationing by plate number was the weaker half: only the odd-even ring's gateways were policed and households could swap cars, so it cut driving far less than the permit core",
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