{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "tbilisi-napr-property-registry", "title": "NAPR Property Register: Georgia's Digital Land Titles and Their Bitcoin-Anchored Extracts", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/tbilisi-napr-property-registry/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-04-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-11-04-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-11-04T07:01:20Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-11-04", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 24 claims and 7 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:c5a886bb7b8b48dbb9502e7f79d107aebdeb1446fddc740a26a6f6e58706a253", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-11-04", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:9096c4d802331a7d8aeb229fb3757958ae8abd545afa0c44675a8c621542a693", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "peer-reviewed", "timeline": { "started": 2004, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR), a legal entity of public law under the Ministry of Justice of Georgia; blockchain timestamping layer built and provided by the Bitfury Group", "actorTypes": [ "national-government", "private" ], "fundingModel": "mixed", "fundingDescription": "NAPR was set up as a self-financing agency funded by its registration fees (World Bank, 2012). The costs and maintenance of the blockchain layer were covered by the vendor, the Bitfury Group (Lazuashvili, Norta & Draheim, 2019). NAPR's 2022 consumer survey for the Smart Contract service was paid from the World Bank-funded Irrigation and Land Market Development Project.", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-1c87c0a96bc38b12", "field": "snippet", "text": "Georgia's National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR), created under the Ministry of Justice by a June 2004 law", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dde1c79f0c7cb58d" ], "supportNote": "The World Bank book dates the Law on State Registry to June 2004 and says it created NAPR as a legal entity under the ministry of justice.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-dd8a5bd04bd2307d", "field": "snippet", "text": "for Tbilisi, the World Bank reports that all properties have been systematically transferred into the electronic database", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c20d706762a7b174" ], "supportNote": "The Doing Business 2020 procedure notes for registering property in Tbilisi say this in these words.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9e2ca62ac3e76138", "field": "snippet", "text": "Since a pilot that started in April 2016", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-36b9049b1233e063" ], "supportNote": "The report's background paragraph dates the start of NAPR's blockchain pilot with the private sector to April 2016.", "caveat": "The peer-reviewed study says only that NAPR started exploring the technology in 2015–2016.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-028b093935cfbdd4", "field": "snippet", "text": "NAPR has added a layer built by the Bitfury Group", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1074861f4df80e89" ], "supportNote": "The study describes NAPR providing the content and Bitfury implementing the blockchain technology, as an add-on layer over the existing system.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-976e375774fae8e1", "field": "snippet", "text": "each digitally signed PDF extract is hashed, the hashes are combined into a Merkle tree, and its root is written into a transaction on the Bitcoin blockchain", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1074861f4df80e89" ], "supportNote": "The study's process model: the gateway reads newly signed files, generates a hash of each, builds a Merkle tree of hashes and creates a Bitcoin transaction containing the root hash.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-28699530662c7b4b", "field": "snippet", "text": "NAPR's own presentation of the project announced a second phase of smart contracts, with payment and property registration in a single transaction", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-7efef0b60ac197bc" ], "supportNote": "NAPR's slides announce a Phase II of smart contracts and set the target of payment and property registration in a single transaction.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e40601c149f6a6ab", "field": "snippet", "text": "launched on 24 October 2024", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2f14ca60436ceaf8" ], "supportNote": "NAPR staff give 24 October 2024 as the launch date of the Smart Contract service.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-18e4735737b76393", "field": "snippet", "text": "is a video session with automated face matching and a bank escrow account", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2f14ca60436ceaf8" ], "supportNote": "The paper describes a video call led by an operator, document capture and a selfie matched against civil-registry data, and an escrow account at JSC Bank of Georgia that releases the price only after registration.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f081ea65e089d679", "field": "snippet", "text": "NAPR's 2026 description of its architecture names no blockchain", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2f14ca60436ceaf8" ], "supportNote": "The architecture section lists the platform's services and external integrations; a blockchain is not among them and the paper does not mention one.", "caveat": "An absence in one paper; no source we found states whether the Bitcoin anchoring of extracts still runs.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fbefabcd5106f0c7", "field": "impact", "text": "registering property, which took 39 days in 2005, took 2 days by its 2012 report", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dde1c79f0c7cb58d" ], "supportNote": "The World Bank book gives 39 days in 2005 and 2 days at the time of writing.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-03d5ebcde4eaf274", "field": "impact", "text": "Georgia ranked first in the world for ease of registering property in Doing Business 2012", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dde1c79f0c7cb58d" ], "supportNote": "The book cites the 2012 Doing Business report for Georgia's first place in ease of registering property.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-72d593850c4c2793", "field": "impact", "text": "Doing Business 2020, which measured Tbilisi, counted 1 procedure and 1 day", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c20d706762a7b174" ], "supportNote": "The profile names Tbilisi as the city covered and records a single procedure taking 1 day.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d5b37f020d80583c", "field": "impact", "text": "not all privately held plots in the city are formally registered", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c20d706762a7b174" ], "supportNote": "The quality index answers No for formal registration of all privately held plots in Tbilisi; it answers Yes for their mapping.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2dc85490aa6f7267", "field": "impact", "text": "there is no independent mechanism for complaints about the registry", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c20d706762a7b174" ], "supportNote": "The profile answers No, scoring 0 on this item.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b9a3e47ccdea915c", "field": "impact", "text": "based on interviews with NAPR, Bitfury and outside experts in 2019", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1074861f4df80e89" ], "supportNote": "Eight respondents from NAPR, Bitfury and third parties were interviewed between March and April 2019.", "caveat": "The authors note that respondents employed at NAPR and Bitfury could be biased.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-884134e4928f5e90", "field": "impact", "text": "found no specific metrics for evaluating the project and no tangible results in cost efficiency", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1074861f4df80e89" ], "supportNote": "The discussion section says no specific metrics were found and that the blockchain solution does not yield tangible results in terms of cost efficiency.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6e069f3cfa6d3fd8", "field": "impact", "text": "it judged that the add-on requires more funds than the land title service needed before", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1074861f4df80e89" ], "supportNote": "The study's wording: supporting the add-on service requires more funds than the land title service incurred before the blockchain layer.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3e74f2d5be5e9a8b", "field": "impact", "text": "Bitfury covered the project's costs and maintenance.", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1074861f4df80e89" ], "supportNote": "The conclusion says the project's costs and the technology maintenance expenditures are covered by the private blockchain provider.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f44d621763a4ac5c", "field": "lesson", "text": "fired all 2,200 public registry employees in a single day", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dde1c79f0c7cb58d" ], "supportNote": "The book reports that at the end of 2004 all 2,200 public registry employees were fired in a single day and invited to reapply by exam.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0510f1a521c5baae", "field": "lesson", "text": "connected 68 registry offices to one computer system", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dde1c79f0c7cb58d" ], "supportNote": "What remained after the reform were the central NAPR and 68 registry offices, all connected to one computer system.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-05fdc00f39f90154", "field": "lesson", "text": "as a layer on a process it left unchanged", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1074861f4df80e89" ], "supportNote": "The study calls the solution a shallow add-on: the existing digital process is kept and a blockchain layer is added on top.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a82a24da42d21525", "field": "lesson", "text": "the 2019 study notes that citizens' data can theoretically be amended before a title is transferred to the blockchain", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1074861f4df80e89" ], "supportNote": "The study quotes a respondent: data can theoretically be amended before a title reaches the immutable blockchain storage, leaving room for tampering by social engineering.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3d61735daf7b1b34", "field": "lesson", "text": "The smart contracts announced for the chain arrived as a conventional e-service", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-7efef0b60ac197bc", "src-58eea7bb8bea6bc3" ], "supportNote": "NAPR's slides announced smart contracts as Phase II of the blockchain project; NAPR's 2024 paper on the Smart Contract service lists blockchain among capabilities still to be introduced.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-83908266543c3a8b", "field": "lesson", "text": "in December 2025 the Ministry of Justice signed a memorandum with Hedera to explore moving registry data onto a blockchain", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-36b9049b1233e063" ], "supportNote": "Citing the ministry, Trend reports the memorandum of understanding with Hedera and lists the possible migration of NAPR data to a blockchain network among the areas discussed.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-1074861f4df80e89", "title": "Springer (LNBIP 361) — Lazuashvili, Norta & Draheim: Integration of Blockchain Technology into a Land Registration System for Immutable Traceability: A Casestudy of Georgia", "url": "https://rd.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-30429-4_15.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "rd.springer.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-028b093935cfbdd4", "clm-976e375774fae8e1", "clm-b9a3e47ccdea915c", "clm-884134e4928f5e90", "clm-6e069f3cfa6d3fd8", "clm-3e74f2d5be5e9a8b", "clm-05fdc00f39f90154", "clm-a82a24da42d21525" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-08-26", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Peer-reviewed case study (BPM 2019 Blockchain and CEE Forum) based on eight interviews with NAPR, Bitfury and outside experts held in March–April 2019, plus internal documents. It models the process — signed PDF extract, hash, Merkle tree, root hash in a Bitcoin transaction — calls the blockchain a shallow add-on that leaves the business process unchanged, finds no specific metrics for evaluating the project and no tangible cost-efficiency gain, says the add-on needs more funds than the service did before, notes that data can theoretically be amended before a title reaches the blockchain, and says Bitfury covers the project's costs and maintenance.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-dde1c79f0c7cb58d", "title": "World Bank — Fighting Corruption in Public Services: Chronicling Georgia's Reforms (2012)", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/518301468256183463/pdf/664490PUB0EPI0065774B09780821394755.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "documents1.worldbank.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1c87c0a96bc38b12", "clm-fbefabcd5106f0c7", "clm-03d5ebcde4eaf274", "clm-f44d621763a4ac5c", "clm-0510f1a521c5baae" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "World Bank book on Georgia's anti-corruption reforms. Its chapter on registries describes the June 2004 Law on State Registry that created NAPR under the Ministry of Justice as a self-financing agency, the dismissal of all 2,200 public registry employees in a single day at the end of 2004, documents cut from six to two and later one, 68 registry offices connected to one computer system, registration time falling from 39 days in 2005 to 2 days, and Georgia ranking first for ease of registering property in Doing Business 2012.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-c20d706762a7b174", "title": "World Bank — Doing Business 2020 Economy Profile: Georgia", "url": "https://archive.doingbusiness.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/country/g/georgia/GEO.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "archive.doingbusiness.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-dd8a5bd04bd2307d", "clm-72d593850c4c2793", "clm-d5b37f020d80583c", "clm-2dc85490aa6f7267" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The World Bank's Doing Business 2020 profile for Georgia, with data collected to May 2019 in Tbilisi as the city covered. Registering property: 1 procedure, 1 day, rank 5. It states that all properties in Tbilisi have been systematically transferred into the electronic database, that not all privately held plots in Tbilisi are formally registered (though all are mapped), and that there is no specific and independent mechanism for complaints about the registry. It does not mention a blockchain.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-7efef0b60ac197bc", "title": "NAPR (Mariam Turashvili) — blockchain presentation hosted by ELRA", "url": "https://www.elra.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Mariam-Turashvili-NAPR-Blockchain-Presentation-3.0.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "elra.eu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-28699530662c7b4b", "clm-3d61735daf7b1b34" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "NAPR's own slides on the Bitfury cooperation, by the head of its project management department: Phase I pilot (digitally signing the document, NAPR generating hash codes, sending the hash code to blockchain) and 'Moving to Phase II – Smart Contracts', with the target of payment and property registration in a single transaction.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-58eea7bb8bea6bc3", "title": "FIG Working Week 2024 — Grigolia & Gabriadze (NAPR): Smart Contract - New Era of Subsequent Registration of Immovable Property in Georgia", "url": "https://fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/fig2024/papers/ts12e/TS12E_grigolia_gabriadze_12704.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "fig.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-3d61735daf7b1b34" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Conference paper by NAPR project staff describing the Smart Contract project before launch: video identification, contract generation, bank escrow, a 2022 consumer survey funded from a World Bank project. Its conclusion lists blockchain among capabilities still to be introduced.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-2f14ca60436ceaf8", "title": "FIG Congress 2026 — Jashiashvili & Grigolia (NAPR): Groundbreaking Smart Contracts in Land Registration: The NAPR Experience", "url": "https://fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/fig2026/papers/ts11g/TS11G_jashiashvili_grigolia_14124.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "fig.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e40601c149f6a6ab", "clm-18e4735737b76393", "clm-f081ea65e089d679" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Conference paper by NAPR staff on the Smart Contract service: launched on 24 October 2024; first transaction on 6 November 2024, a Tbilisi property sold by a Georgian living in Sweden; hundreds of sessions in eighteen months. The architecture section lists document generation, electronic signatures, file storage, video recording, SMS/email and identity verification (vendor Identomat) with escrow at JSC Bank of Georgia; it does not mention a blockchain.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-36b9049b1233e063", "title": "Trend News Agency — Georgia signs MoU with Hedera to explore blockchain use in public registry", "url": "https://www.trend.az/business/4124344.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "trend.az", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9e2ca62ac3e76138", "clm-83908266543c3a8b" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-12-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report, citing Georgia's Ministry of Justice, that the ministry signed a memorandum of understanding with Hedera to explore distributed-ledger technologies, including the possible migration of NAPR data to a blockchain network and real-estate tokenization; its background paragraph dates NAPR's first blockchain pilot to April 2016.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 24, "claimsMapped": 24, "sourcesTotal": 7, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 7, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }