{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "tbilisi-112-command-center", "title": "112 Georgia: The Emergency Number That Also Runs the Cameras", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/tbilisi-112-command-center/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-04-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-11-04-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-11-04T07:01:20Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-11-04", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 18 claims and 7 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:8f89dbbbf4cad96f2a5ea4af9507fc8b415069fa79bf8106971c38ad7401795e", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-11-04", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:f9688d4471fb420d92823af595ac87b84efda884de5da8f7a22d5072b13f86f6", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "independent", "timeline": { "started": 2011, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Public Safety Command Center 112, a public-law entity under Georgia's Ministry of Internal Affairs (successor since 31 December 2019 to the '112' entity and the ministry's Joint Operations Center)", "actorTypes": [ "national-government" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": "Target funds from Georgia's state budget plus a service fee the 2019 law allows the government to set at GEL 0.20 to GEL 0.50 a month per subscriber number, collected by telecom operators.", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-1783857cb10ba9cd", "field": "snippet", "text": "answered by a public-law entity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, set up under a law of 24 November 2011", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-76f36aa6075c25d5" ], "supportNote": "The 2019 law names and repeals the law of 24 November 2011 that established '112' as a public-law entity of the Interior Ministry.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-dcde691ab5259852", "field": "snippet", "text": "Since 31 December 2019 the old '112' and the ministry's Joint Operations Center have been one body, the Public Safety Command Center 112", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-76f36aa6075c25d5" ], "supportNote": "The transitional provisions reorganise '112' and the Joint Operations Center into the Center 112; the core articles take effect from 31 December 2019.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2124ef5c7a91c486", "field": "snippet", "text": "gives it 24-hour video surveillance of the whole country through video analytical programmes, used to identify offences, wanted persons and vehicles", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-76f36aa6075c25d5" ], "supportNote": "Article 4 assigns the centre 24-hour video surveillance of the whole country through video analytical programmes and, on that basis, the identification of crimes, wanted persons and vehicles, and administrative offences.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2c5246fd10cb0d47", "field": "snippet", "text": "A mobile app presented in February 2018 sends the caller's location and adds a silent SOS alarm and a chat with the operator", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-5f9650824e0980d1" ], "supportNote": "The report says 112 presented an app that determines the location of the person asking for help, with a silent SOS alarm and a chat with the operator.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1967ec241739e07a", "field": "snippet", "text": "In Tbilisi, the cameras on Rustaveli Avenue are the centre's", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-099b79f326f80741" ], "supportNote": "The data protection service describes the cameras on Rustaveli Avenue, Tbilisi, as the ones through which the Public Safety Command Center 112 processes biometric data.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-379f4b65ad9b6d4e", "field": "snippet", "text": "State oversight of the centre lies with the ministry", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-76f36aa6075c25d5" ], "supportNote": "Article 12 of the law gives state oversight of the centre to the Interior Ministry.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-01c051ebad778f3b", "field": "snippet", "text": "the only timing figure on record is the centre's own: 1.5 minutes on average to send a response, mostly spent locating the caller", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-0d52d39b41a7354b" ], "supportNote": "The review quotes a 112 representative giving the 1.5-minute average and saying most of the time goes on locating the caller.", "caveat": "The figure is the centre's own statement to the reviewer, given in 2017, not a measurement the reviewer made; no other source in this entry measures response times.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-327d3f6a7c74ee6f", "field": "impact", "text": "After 115 cameras on and around Rustaveli Avenue were damaged between 28 November and 4 December 2024", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ec96863a00759832" ], "supportNote": "GYLA cites a letter from the centre's director reporting 115 cameras on and around Rustaveli Avenue damaged during the protests between 28 November and 4 December. The statement, published in February 2025, concerns the protests of late 2024.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c4426a568fa05698", "field": "impact", "text": "the centre bought 30 facial and emotion recognition cameras, according to the Georgian Young Lawyers' Association", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ec96863a00759832" ], "supportNote": "GYLA states, citing public sources, that the Public Safety Command Center 112 bought 30 facial and emotion recognition cameras.", "caveat": "GYLA relies on media reporting for the purchase; the ministry's own procurement record is not among this entry's sources.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-45832329d38001c1", "field": "impact", "text": "photos from facial recognition cameras often served as the only evidence in road-blocking offence cases", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ec96863a00759832" ], "supportNote": "GYLA reports that in proceedings over road blocking, photos from facial recognition cameras often serve as the only evidence.", "caveat": "This is the finding of a lawyers' association that represents protesters, drawn from the cases it handled.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-abc33c794b73dcc2", "field": "impact", "text": "The Personal Data Protection Service opened an unplanned inspection of the centre's biometric processing on Rustaveli Avenue on 18 February 2025", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-099b79f326f80741" ], "supportNote": "The regulator's statement dates the inspection to 18 February 2025 and names the centre's biometric processing through the Rustaveli Avenue cameras as one of two subjects.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-cc7f3bcd808df367", "field": "impact", "text": "the service never responded substantively to the association's request", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-77e976ec6c3665c0" ], "supportNote": "The institute states that the data protection service failed to respond substantively to GYLA's February 2025 request.", "caveat": "The institute is a Georgian NGO critical of the government; no ruling from the inspection is among this entry's sources either way.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-47d4ca23e539a55c", "field": "impact", "text": "it was abolished effective 2 March 2026, its functions transferred to the State Audit Office", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-77e976ec6c3665c0" ], "supportNote": "The institute reports Parliament's abolition of the Personal Data Protection Service effective 2 March 2026 and the transfer of its functions to the State Audit Office.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-32d54424efd5c762", "field": "impact", "text": "the ministry ran 9,822 cameras in its Safe City programme as of April 2026", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-77e976ec6c3665c0" ], "supportNote": "The institute gives the count, citing the ministry's own published data, for the 'Safe City, Safe Region, Safe Country' programme.", "caveat": "The count is the ministry's, relayed by the institute; it covers the whole country, not Tbilisi alone.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1f23cd87ad08d6fd", "field": "lesson", "text": "The law that did so tells the centre to identify offences from video and leaves its oversight with the ministry it belongs to", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-76f36aa6075c25d5" ], "supportNote": "The law assigns identification of offences from video (Article 4) and oversight by the ministry (Article 12).", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0148d598180491fe", "field": "lesson", "text": "a data protection inspection opened in February 2025, produced no substantive response before the regulator itself was abolished", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-099b79f326f80741", "src-77e976ec6c3665c0" ], "supportNote": "The regulator's statement dates the inspection to February 2025; the institute reports no substantive response and the regulator's abolition effective 2 March 2026.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e98f67aaded18a24", "field": "lesson", "text": "a peer-reviewed study notes that Georgia has no response-time standards for emergency medical services", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-037adacc1f840ceb" ], "supportNote": "The study's introduction states that Georgia does not have EMS response-time standards.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c9d715dd322c3314", "field": "lesson", "text": "an Open Government Partnership review recommended that the centre proactively disclose statistics of calls and responses", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-0d52d39b41a7354b" ], "supportNote": "The IRM researcher recommends that 112 proactively disclose statistics of calls and responses if the commitment is carried into the next action plan.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-76f36aa6075c25d5", "title": "Legislative Herald of Georgia — Law on the Public Safety Command Center 112 (24 Dec 2019)", "url": "https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/4738372", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "matsne.gov.ge", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1783857cb10ba9cd", "clm-dcde691ab5259852", "clm-2124ef5c7a91c486", "clm-379f4b65ad9b6d4e", "clm-1f23cd87ad08d6fd" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-12-24", "updatedAt": "2021-06-14", "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The consolidated English text of the law. It merges the old '112' entity and the ministry's Joint Operations Center into the Public Safety Command Center 112 from 31 December 2019, tasks it with receiving 112 calls and with 24-hour video surveillance of the whole country through video analytical programmes, lets it identify offences, wanted persons and vehicles from video, allows a monthly fee of GEL 0.20 to GEL 0.50 per subscriber number, places state oversight with the ministry, and repeals the law of 24 November 2011 that established '112'.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-5f9650824e0980d1", "title": "The Messenger — Georgia's Emergency Service Launches New Mobile Application (13 Feb 2018)", "url": "https://messenger.com.ge/issues/4077_february_13_2018/4077_tea.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "messenger.com.ge", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-2c5246fd10cb0d47" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2018-02-13", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report that 112 presented a free mobile app that determines the location of the person asking for help, with a silent alarm (SOS) and a chat with the operator, in Georgian, English and Russian.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-0d52d39b41a7354b", "title": "Open Government Partnership IRM — Georgia Progress Report 2016-2017", "url": "https://www.opengovpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Georgia_MidTerm_Report_2016-2018_EN.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "opengovpartnership.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-01c051ebad778f3b", "clm-c9d715dd322c3314" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The Open Government Partnership's Independent Reporting Mechanism review of Georgia's 2016-2018 action plan, which included the 112 app as a commitment. It quotes a 112 representative that sending a response takes 1.5 minutes on average, most of it lost on locating the caller, rates the app's potential impact as minor, and recommends that 112 proactively disclose statistics of calls and responses. The report carries no publication date of its own.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ec96863a00759832", "title": "GYLA — Call on the Personal Data Protection Service to study the Interior Ministry's facial recognition cameras (10 Feb 2025)", "url": "https://gyla.ge/en/post/saia-mowodeba-sheswavlil-iqnes-amomcnobi-kamerebis-gamoyenebis-praqtika", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gyla.ge", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-327d3f6a7c74ee6f", "clm-c4426a568fa05698", "clm-45832329d38001c1" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-02-10", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Statement by the Georgian Young Lawyers' Association: photos from facial recognition cameras often serve as the only evidence in road-blocking offence cases against protesters; the Public Safety Command Center 112 bought 30 facial and emotion recognition cameras after its director reported 115 cameras on and around Rustaveli Avenue damaged between 28 November and 4 December; asks the data protection regulator to inspect.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-099b79f326f80741", "title": "InterPressNews — Personal Data Protection Service: investigation into 112's biometric data processing has begun (12 Mar 2025)", "url": "https://www.interpressnews.ge/en/article/138223-personal-data-protection-service-investigation-into-the-legality-of-biometric-data-processing-by-112-through-cameras-has-begun-no-preliminary-assessment-possible-until-completion", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "interpressnews.ge", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1967ec241739e07a", "clm-abc33c794b73dcc2", "clm-0148d598180491fe" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-03-12", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The Personal Data Protection Service's statement that on 18 February 2025 it opened an unplanned inspection of the legality of biometric data processing by the Public Safety Command Center 112 through cameras on Rustaveli Avenue, Tbilisi, and could give no preliminary assessment before completion.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-77e976ec6c3665c0", "title": "Democracy Research Institute — Biometric Surveillance and Tracking in Georgia (1 Jul 2026)", "url": "https://www.democracyresearch.org/eng/1750/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "democracyresearch.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-cc7f3bcd808df367", "clm-47d4ca23e539a55c", "clm-32d54424efd5c762", "clm-0148d598180491fe" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-07-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Analysis by a Georgian NGO. Citing the ministry's own data, it puts the network at 9,822 cameras in the 'Safe City, Safe Region, Safe Country' programme as of April 2026; says protest-related arrests relied on biometric matching through the '112' unified video surveillance system; reports that the data protection service failed to respond substantively to GYLA's request and was abolished effective 2 March 2026, its functions transferred to the State Audit Office.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-037adacc1f840ceb", "title": "Elizbarashvili et al. — GIS served ambulance arrival time in the Kvemo Kartli region, Georgia (JIPD, 8 Aug 2024)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i8.5152", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "doi.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e98f67aaded18a24" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-08-08", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Peer-reviewed GIS study of ambulance arrival times in the Kvemo Kartli region by Tbilisi State University researchers. It states that Georgia does not have response-time standards for emergency medical services; its measurements concern Kvemo Kartli, not Tbilisi.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 18, "claimsMapped": 18, "sourcesTotal": 7, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 7, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 6, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }