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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "tartu-gas-buses",
  "title": "All-Biomethane City Bus Network",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/tartu-gas-buses/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-28-tartu-baseline",
 "revisions": [
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   "id": "2026-08-28-tartu-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-28T04:45:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-28",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 10 source dossiers.",
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   },
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    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
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    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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    {
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     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
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    "asOf": "2026-08-28",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:91260622c4bea5bd85ffa9dd0055987a052499e2cdfb634806a0fdaad9adf526",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
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    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2019,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "AS GoBus (for Tartu city government)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government",
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "mixed",
     "fundingDescription": "City of Tartu service contract (≈€6.6M/year); EU Cohesion Fund via the Environmental Investment Centre for the biomethane price gap",
     "cost": "€66M 10-year operating contract (2019–2029); ≈€7.7M biomethane switch, of which €2.23M EU Cohesion Fund",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-2742e45225894cf8",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "From 1 July 2019 a single ten-year, €66 million contract handed Tartu's entire urban bus service to AS GoBus",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a113fd4b9bea2876",
       "src-830ed5bc715baa4c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The contract release: 'the total value of the ten year contract is EUR 66 million. The contract will ensure convenient and environmentally friendly public transport for residents of Tartu from 2019-2029'. The first-year release: 'Go Bus has been operating Tartu city bus transport since 1 July 2019.'",
      "caveat": "The contract was signed on 24 January 2018 — after Supreme Court judgements ended a challenge to the June 2017 award — and service began 1 July 2019 when AS Sebe's contract ran out.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-08a7a57abe1e0232",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "64 new gas buses",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a113fd4b9bea2876"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The procurement terms: 'all of the 64 buses operating on city lines must be new and be fuelled by methane gas.'",
      "caveat": "The tender required methane fuel, not specifically biomethane — the biomethane decision came separately with KIK support from 2020.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5d98d3a04582249f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "on a redesigned route network",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "'As of 1 July 2019, the City of Tartu will be switching over to a new bus route network, which differs significantly from the current network in terms of itineraries, the number of lines, as well as the frequency of departures.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     {
      "id": "clm-f925f729f3efb73e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "validators taking contactless bank cards and QR tickets from day one",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f8821382f98200ee"
      ],
      "supportNote": "'a new feature allows a contactless bank card to be used to purchase one-hour tickets' and 'As of 1 July, a new feature will allow people to use QR tickets.' The same release describes the automatic day-ticket cap after three one-hour tickets.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-38bc516295295a56",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 1 January 2020 the fleet has run on Estonian-produced biomethane",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4a98d07fb2b0c5d1",
       "src-2708662aba9b6819"
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      "supportNote": "City release: 'Alates selle aasta 1. jaanuarist sõidavad Tartu linnaliinide kõik 64 bussi taastuvkütusega - biometaani ehk rohegaasiga' (from 1 January of this year, all 64 city-line buses run on renewable fuel — biomethane). Alexela's chairman in the same release stresses it is produced in Estonia. KIK: from the start of 2020 the 64 buses run on biomethane.",
      "caveat": "The most recent explicit confirmation found that the buses run on biogas is from March 2022 (the operator, in Postimees); the city's standing service pages since describe the fleet only as running on environmentally friendly fuel, while the network itself is documented operating into 2026.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     {
      "id": "clm-716b275d8de11df9",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "dispensed by Alexela",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9cba8359106cf72c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "'Tartu city buses are supplied by biomethane energy company Alexela at the largest public gas station in the region at Ringtee 25 in Tartu.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-597053c817687632",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "made from regional agricultural waste at the Ilmatsalu biogas plant",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-830ed5bc715baa4c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The deputy mayor: 'the gas our buses use is produced from local agricultural waste at Ilmatsalu biogas plant'. The operator's Estonian version of the release adds that Ilmatsalu production started in the second half of 2020.",
      "caveat": "In July–December 2019 the new buses ran on gas before the biomethane arrangement began; Ilmatsalu's own production started only in the second half of 2020, with Alexela supplying biomethane in the interim.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9fb57accbe40cabf",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "In 2020, the first biomethane year, ticket-sales data showed about 12 million passenger trips over 4.5 million bus-kilometres",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "'According to ticket sales data, in 2020, the new biogas buses in Tartu operated by Go Bus travelled 4.5 million kilometers and made 12 million trips.'",
      "caveat": "The release wavers between '12 million', 'exceeded 12 million' (operator quote) and, in the Estonian headline, 'nearly 12 million' — hence 'about'. It also sits above the 11 million registered in 2025; both are the city's/operator's validation-based figures, and the difference is unexplained.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b224d02f14e60516",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the 64 buses used 2 million kg of biomethane",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-830ed5bc715baa4c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "'Last year, the 64 buses used 2 million kg of biomethane or green gas.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-c87ff8d959a7dc6d",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the operator estimated roughly 2,000 tonnes of CO2 kept out of the air compared with the old diesel fleet",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-830ed5bc715baa4c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Go Bus district manager: 'when compared to earlier, our buses emitted 2000 tons of less CO2.' The operator's Estonian version marks the figure 'hinnanguliselt' — as an estimate.",
      "caveat": "The operator's own estimate, not an independent measurement. Keep it apart from KIK's ~11,000 t/yr projection (Tartu and Pärnu combined) and from the 4,330 t/yr later claimed on the Interreg good-practice page by the Association of Municipalities of Tartu County.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-399f69d016810c16",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "In 2025 the city registered 11 million trips",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "'Möödunud aastal registreeriti Tartu linnaliinibussides kokku 11 miljonit sõitu' — last year a total of 11 million trips were registered on Tartu's city buses (release of 5 February 2026, so 'last year' is 2025).",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-4ff21c4d915bbfc8",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "per-line validation shares led it to cut two under-used lines from March 2026, at a stated saving of €200,000 a year",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "The city ends lines 25 and E1 from 1 March because their usage is very low, citing each line's share of registered trips; 'Liinide sulgemisega on hinnanguline kokkuhoid 200 000 eurot aastas' — the closures save an estimated €200,000 a year.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-73f3a7b71e9c073e",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Validation is compulsory even for residents who ride free",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5d893649e46b328f"
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      "supportNote": "The service page on city-granted free travel: such passengers 'may travel for free, but must register every trip on the on-board validators'.",
      "caveat": "Passengers whose free travel comes from the national Public Transport Act (rather than the city) are exempt from registering.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-429992b2c205127f",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "it fed the analysis behind the 2019 route network",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The city's account of the network analysis: 'Bussikaardi valideerimisandmete põhjal hinnati reaalset bussiliinide kasutatavust' — actual line usage was assessed on the basis of bus-card validation data.",
      "caveat": "An undated standing page; it describes the analysis that preceded the 1 July 2019 network.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-98c9b26d6e2c1693",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "in 2026 it retired lines whose registrations made up 0.49 and 0.02 per cent of the year's trips",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "'Liini E1 registreerimised moodustasid sellest 0,02% ja liini nr 25 registreerimised 0,49%' — line E1's registrations made up 0.02% and line 25's 0.49% of the 11 million trips; both lines end 1 March 2026.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-19b53901c32e7490",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "biomethane's price is tied to the natural-gas market",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-718873a8ca3737de"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article's opening: Estonian biogas is no cheaper than Russian natural gas, 'sest hind on seotud maagaasi turuhinnaga' — because its price is tied to the natural-gas market price; the support scheme pays the gap only while the market price stays under €100/MWh.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-503bdcf39a36fb34",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "by 2022 the operator said the green gas had brought it no savings",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-718873a8ca3737de"
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      "supportNote": "Go Bus's South Estonia regional manager Ramses Riive, March 2022: using biogas 'ei ole ... andnud kokkuhoidu ega leevendust' (has brought no savings or relief) — while confirming all the company's Tartu buses run on biogas and calling the green fuel important regardless of price.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-a113fd4b9bea2876",
      "title": "Tartu city government — contract signed with AS GoBus (authority)",
      "url": "https://tartu.ee/en/news/tartu-and-as-gobus-signed-a-new-regular-bus-service-contract",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "tartu.ee",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2018-01-26",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The city's own record of the 24 January 2018 signing: a ten-year contract worth EUR 66 million covering 2019–2029, requiring all 64 city-line buses to be new and fuelled by methane gas. It dates the procurement to the end of 2016, the award to AS GoBus (lowest tender, EUR 6.6 million a year) to June 2017, notes the signing waited for Supreme Court judgements over a challenge, and that the previous operator AS Sebe served until 30 June 2019.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-f8821382f98200ee",
      "title": "Tartu city government — new validators press release (authority)",
      "url": "https://tartu.ee/en/news/new-validators-for-tartu-s-buses",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "tartu.ee",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-06-18",
       "updatedAt": "2019-06-19",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Describes what changed on 1 July 2019: new validators on the new buses selling one-hour tickets to contactless bank cards, QR tickets, trip history at tartu.pilet.ee, and an automatic upgrade to a day ticket after three one-hour tickets in a day — alongside a new route network of 13 day lines and two night lines operated by AS GoBus.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-2708662aba9b6819",
      "title": "Environmental Investment Centre press release, via Elering's biomethane portal (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.biometaan.info/news-archive/kik-toetas-tartu-linnaliinibusside-uleviimist-biometaanile-ehk-rohegaasile",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "biometaan.info",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-12-06",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "KIK's funding decision, in Estonian: from the start of 2020 Tartu's 64 buses run on biomethane; the EU Cohesion Fund contributes €2.23 million of the €7.66 million Tartu project, under a scheme that compensates the price difference between biomethane and fossil fuel. Also carries the deputy mayor's statement that since July 2019 only gas buses serve Tartu's public transport. Its ~11,000-tonne annual CO2 projection covers Tartu and Pärnu together and is not used in this entry.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-4a98d07fb2b0c5d1",
      "title": "Tartu city government — city buses switch to green gas (authority, in Estonian)",
      "url": "https://www.tartu.ee/en/node/11945",
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       "domain": "tartu.ee",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2020-01-06",
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The city's announcement that from 1 January 2020 all 64 city-line buses run on renewable fuel — biomethane — supplied by Alexela at the Ringtee 25 filling station, with production at Ilmatsalu planned for that summer, KIK support of about €2.2 million, and the city's own description of itself as one of the few medium-sized cities in Europe whose entire public transport runs on renewable fuel.",
       "exact": false
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-9cba8359106cf72c",
      "title": "ERR News — Tartu buses start using biomethane (media)",
      "url": "https://news.err.ee/1020949/tartu-buses-start-using-biomethane-to-reduce-environmental-impact",
      "publisher": {
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Estonian public broadcasting's English-language report of the switch: buses powered by biomethane from the start of the year, supplied by Alexela at the region's largest public gas station at Ringtee 25, Ilmatsalu production to launch in the summer, and about €2.2 million of EU Cohesion Fund support through the Environmental Investment Centre.",
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      "title": "Tartu city government — first-year figures of the biogas buses (authority)",
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       "value": "The 2020 operating figures, from ticket sales data: 12 million trips and 4.5 million kilometres, 2 million kg of biomethane used by the 64 buses, and 2,000 tonnes of CO2 avoided — the operator's Estonian wording marks the CO2 figure as an estimate. Also states the gas is produced from local agricultural waste at the Ilmatsalu biogas plant and that Go Bus has operated the city lines since 1 July 2019.",
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      "title": "Postimees — Estonian biogas hits the wallet like Russian natural gas (media, in Estonian)",
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       "value": "The business desk's examination of the price promise: biomethane's price is tied to the natural-gas market, production cost exceeds €2 per kilogram (about €100/MWh), and the state support that covers the gap stops when the market price is above €100/MWh. Go Bus's South Estonia regional manager says the biogas has brought the company no savings, and confirms all its Tartu buses run on it.",
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      "title": "Tartu city government — low-use lines 25 and E1 end in March (authority, in Estonian)",
      "url": "https://www.tartu.ee/et/uudised/tartu-lopetab-madala-kasutatavusega-bussiliinide-nr-25-ja-e1-teenindamise",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The validation register in use: 11 million trips registered on city buses in 2025, line E1 accounting for 0.02% and line 25 for 0.49% of them (55,000 trips against 900,000 and 750,000 on the parallel lines), so both lines end on 1 March 2026 at an estimated saving of €200,000 a year. Only 4% of the airport's 43,693 Tartu–Helsinki passengers used the airport bus.",
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       "value": "The standing service page: 15 bus routes, the 64 Scania-built buses in two sizes, Ridango as the ticketing contact, the compulsory validation rule — including for passengers with city-granted free travel, who must still register every trip — and the bus card's use across Tallinn, several counties and Go Bus intercity lines.",
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       "value": "The city's public-transport hub page. Its account of the route-network analysis behind the redesign states that actual line usage was assessed from bus-card validation data, and that riders have access to real-time information on the web and on mobile; timetables link to the national peatus.ee journey planner.",
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