{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "songdo-ibd",
  "title": "Songdo International Business District",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/songdo-ibd/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-reverification",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-reverification",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T21:00:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-21",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 8 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:423089f9fd8cd862c7c37207dc4386bdb49b207265669821a3a6b61d586c71ba",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-21",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:f3b9ac3bd7a2574466e7709c15e7f4ebdd0aaf5a6351fae495640a30311681e9",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "scaled-back",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2003,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "NSIC / Gale International",
     "actorTypes": [
      "private"
     ],
     "fundingModel": null,
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-6cf6610f556fc5fa",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "One of the earliest built-from-scratch smart cities, raised on reclaimed land at Incheon",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-dd378df760b464bf"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Cornell Tech case study documents Songdo IBD as a greenfield district built on reclaimed land beside Incheon and treats it as one of the founding examples of the tech-enabled new-town model. Deliberately hedged to 'one of the earliest' rather than a first-in-the-world superlative.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-af3cc84ea541b642",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "wired with sensors from pneumatic waste pipes to traffic",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-dd378df760b464bf"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The case study describes the district's embedded infrastructure and states that the pneumatic waste system serves over 90% of buildings, processing roughly 97 tons of waste a day.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-81d42c0e2c063dfc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The wider Songdo International City passed 232,000 residents by July 2026",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-76f03f895963e7b9"
      ],
      "supportNote": "IFEZ, the authority that governs the zone, publishes Songdo's population as 232,528 at reference date 31 July 2026 on its own statistics page. The claim states the area explicitly (the whole Songdo district, not the business-district core) and rounds down, so it cannot overstate the figure.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-e01ed4f11f5b454a",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the business district at its core had drawn about 70,000 residents and 33,000 jobs by 2023, roughly 65% of target",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-dd378df760b464bf"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The case study states the figure and the shortfall in one sentence, and is the only source found that reports the IBD core zone separately from the wider Songdo district. The percentage is the source's own, not calculated by us.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-be446281514ad037",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "IFEZ is now studying whether to shut the waste pipes down",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-525d86a33029b696",
       "src-126a1c061ed09bee"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Both outlets reported on 27 November 2025 that IFEZ had commissioned a technical study on phased decommissioning of the automatic waste collection system. Both also record that IFEZ stresses no closure decision has been made — hence 'studying whether' rather than announcing a shutdown.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a10df079036b0535",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Songdo's headline population counts the whole reclaimed city; the business district it was built around fills up far more slowly.",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-76f03f895963e7b9",
       "src-dd378df760b464bf"
      ],
      "supportNote": "A comparison of the two figures the entry cites: IFEZ's 232,528 for the whole Songdo district against the case study's roughly 70,000 for the IBD core in 2023. No single passage states the comparison — a reviewer should check both numbers and the areas they cover.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2b595891ae1525aa",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the pneumatic waste network laid in 2005 and 2008",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-126a1c061ed09bee",
       "src-525d86a33029b696"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Dailian names both years and both districts in one sentence; SBS reports the same installation dates for Songdo District 2 and District 4.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-29c9b097612b5f6c",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "is now a candidate for phased shutdown rather than a selling point",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-525d86a33029b696"
      ],
      "supportNote": "SBS reports the system is under closure review because of frequent breakdowns, excessive operating costs and odour complaints, with pipe corrosion among the facility problems.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-76f03f895963e7b9",
      "title": "IFEZ — Population statistics (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.ifez.go.kr/main/intro/stats/population.do",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ifez.go.kr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-81d42c0e2c063dfc",
       "clm-a10df079036b0535"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Incheon Free Economic Zone Authority's own statistics page; Songdo 232,528 residents at reference date 31 July 2026, updated bimonthly.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-dd378df760b464bf",
      "title": "The Atlas of Urban Tech, Cornell Tech — Songdo International Business District (research)",
      "url": "https://atlasofurbantech.org/cases/kor-incheon-songdo-ibd/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "atlasofurbantech.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-6cf6610f556fc5fa",
       "clm-af3cc84ea541b642",
       "clm-e01ed4f11f5b454a",
       "clm-a10df079036b0535"
      ],
      "temporal": {
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       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Case study by the Jacobs Urban Tech Hub: about 70,000 residents and 33,000 jobs in the IBD core as of 2023, 65% of target; pneumatic waste serving over 90% of buildings.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-525d86a33029b696",
      "title": "SBS News — Songdo pneumatic waste system closure under review (media)",
      "url": "https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1008346988",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "news.sbs.co.kr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-be446281514ad037",
       "clm-2b595891ae1525aa",
       "clm-29c9b097612b5f6c"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-11-27",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "27 Nov 2025: IFEZ commissions a technical study on phased decommissioning after frequent breakdowns, high operating costs and odour complaints; no closure decision taken.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-126a1c061ed09bee",
      "title": "Dailian — IFEZ phased-decommissioning technical study (media)",
      "url": "https://www.dailian.co.kr/news/view/1578843",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dailian.co.kr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-be446281514ad037",
       "clm-2b595891ae1525aa"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-11-27",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Same-day report giving the study budget (about 670 million won) and the install years of the two networks: Songdo District 2 in 2005, District 4 in 2008.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 8,
     "claimsMapped": 8,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}