{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "shanghai-virtual-power-plant",
  "title": "Shanghai's Virtual Power Plant demand response",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/shanghai-virtual-power-plant/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T02:33:50Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-27",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 8 claims and 5 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:cab1300e7471f46cc8d22d90e985f3dfa6c958629d3a0075e8d37ad37cc4755c",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-27",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:5ef7841b2cf80cc9849a43c2b58aabe9516c7f0baf3f4e7d252bbc35b198668f",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2019,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "utility",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-174fb793bca6b307",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "State Grid Shanghai aggregates data centres, building air conditioning and EV charging points into a virtual power plant it can call on when the city grid peaks",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f5e13d30bdd1f58c",
       "src-0aaf093f6246f45a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "China News Service names the resources drawn on for the August 2025 operation — data centres, building air conditioning and EV charging stations; the 2019 Yicai piece describes the same categories at the trial stage, adding industrial parks and solar storage.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-07bfad649e33bd31",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "A trial launched in December 2019 with four aggregators and 512 customers",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0aaf093f6246f45a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Yicai Global, 19 December 2019, reports the trial beginning on 5 December 2019 with four operators and 512 customers across EV charging piles, industrial parks, commercial buildings and solar storage.",
      "caveat": "Yicai frames the trial as China's first; that framing is not used here.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-7192d9d5590074df",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "On 11 August 2025, as Shanghai set a record load of 40.55 million kW",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-2bdee5292126cd16"
      ],
      "supportNote": "China Daily, 13 August 2025: the city's grid load reached 40.55 million kW at 11:23 on 11 August 2025, a new historical high, with virtual power plant adjustment among the measures deployed.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-98513c4c9fed934d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the utility says the virtual power plant shifted 1.163 million kW",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f5e13d30bdd1f58c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "China News Service, 15 August 2025, reports a record load adjustment of 1.163 million kW by the Shanghai virtual power plant. The figure is the utility's own.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-51afd31065ef51ed",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "State Grid Shanghai reports a record 1.163 million kW of load shifted during the August 2025 heatwave, drawn from 47 aggregators",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f5e13d30bdd1f58c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "China News Service attributes the 1.163 million kW adjustment to 47 operators including data centres, building air conditioning and EV charging stations.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5cd0aab803cda8c6",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "registered capacity reached 2.03 million kW across 49 operators, up 81% since 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f5e13d30bdd1f58c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The same report gives registered capacity as 2.03 million kW across 49 operators, an increase of 81% on 2024.",
      "caveat": "Registered capacity is what operators have signed up, not what answered the call.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-77a0591f42820548",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Operator-reported, not independently audited",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f5e13d30bdd1f58c",
       "src-2bdee5292126cd16"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Both carrying reports attribute every figure to State Grid Shanghai; neither names a regulator, market operator or auditor that checked the adjustment.",
      "caveat": "A statement about what the sourcing does not contain, not a finding about the scheme.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-c83bc88f6aae39d8",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the trade press reported the same event as 1.163 million kilowatt-hours, which is a different measure of a different thing",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-2cdab8e21e9a42d5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Microgrid Knowledge, 15 August 2025: “State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Co. this week has reported a new VPP demand response which achieved 1.163 million kWH of load adjustment.” The Chinese-language original and China News Service report kilowatts.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-f5e13d30bdd1f58c",
      "title": "China News Service — Shanghai conducts first million-kilowatt virtual power plant operation (15 Aug 2025)",
      "url": "http://www.ecns.cn/news/cns-wire/2025-08-15/detail-iheuffaz6231729.shtml",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ecns.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-174fb793bca6b307",
       "clm-98513c4c9fed934d",
       "clm-51afd31065ef51ed",
       "clm-5cd0aab803cda8c6",
       "clm-77a0591f42820548"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-08-15",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Carrying source for the impact figures: a record load adjustment of 1.163 million kW from 47 operators including data centres, building air conditioning and EV charging stations; registered capacity 2.03 million kW across 49 operators, up 81% since 2024. Operator-reported.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-2bdee5292126cd16",
      "title": "China Daily — Shanghai secures power supply amid record high demand (13 Aug 2025)",
      "url": "https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202508/13/WS689c3e20a310b236346f1759.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "global.chinadaily.com.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-7192d9d5590074df",
       "clm-77a0591f42820548"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-08-13",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Corroboration of the grid peak: 40.55 million kW at 11:23 on 11 August 2025, a new historical high, with virtual power plant adjustment among the measures deployed.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-0aaf093f6246f45a",
      "title": "Yicai Global — Shanghai Is Trialing China's First Virtual Power Plant (19 Dec 2019)",
      "url": "https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/shanghai-is-trialing-china-first-virtual-power-plant",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "yicaiglobal.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-174fb793bca6b307",
       "clm-07bfad649e33bd31"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-12-19",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Source for the trial launch on 5 December 2019 with four operators and 512 customers, covering EV charging piles, industrial parks, commercial buildings and solar storage. Its 'China's first' framing is not used in this entry.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-0cf82f3650468103",
      "title": "Shanghai Municipal Government — Shanghai develops framework to regulate virtual power plants (27 May 2025)",
      "url": "https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Policies/20250527/10dcf65030ba464f98b0631d2480090b.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "english.shanghai.gov.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-05-27",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Governance context: Songjiang District's trial VPP management measures, effective April 2025, targeting a 100 MW demand-side peak-shaving VPP by end-2025. A district framework, not the citywide aggregation.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-2cdab8e21e9a42d5",
      "title": "Microgrid Knowledge — Virtual Power Reaches Global: China Claims New Aggregation Record (15 Aug 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.microgridknowledge.com/distributed-energy/virtual-power-plant/news/55310131/virtual-power-reaches-global-china-claims-new-aggregation-record",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "microgridknowledge.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-c83bc88f6aae39d8"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-08-15",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade-press pickup of the same August 2025 event. Caution: it renders the figure as kWh; the Chinese original and China News Service report 1.163 million kilowatts of load adjustment, not kilowatt-hours.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 8,
     "claimsMapped": 8,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 5,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}