{
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 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "shanghai-metro-driverless-lines",
  "title": "Shanghai Metro's Driverless GoA4 Lines",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/shanghai-metro-driverless-lines/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-28-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-28-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T01:08:46Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 6 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:f559b7957e315a2ba6119a94ddd0959df503e0853623881de105b5cf4e684974",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-26",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:092cac50ebc8373b0bd63a7e37a4e5f98e5afd57d0cf4904fa39c7fbd07414de",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2010,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Shanghai Shentong Metro Group",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-ac1e56c416e0807b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Five Shanghai Metro lines run without a driver or attendant on board at GoA4, the highest grade of automation: Line 10, the Pujiang line, and lines 18, 15 and 14, the last of which opened at the end of December 2021",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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       "src-de415bc332243f17",
       "src-5f92e091de53bf01"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Global Times, 28 December 2021: the opening of Line 14 brought the number of Shanghai metro lines equipped with driverless technology to five. Railway Gazette dates the inauguration of the city's fifth fully-automated metro line to 30 December. Wikipedia lists lines 10, 14, 15, 18 and Pujiang as unattended train operation.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     {
      "id": "clm-a110005705385d8e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Line 10 opened in 2010 as one of the first lines in China capable of automatic train operation and carried drivers on board anyway; the switch to unattended running began in 2020, with the driver cabs taken out of the fleet",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Wikipedia on Line 10: it is one of the first lines in China capable of automatic train operation, however upon opening it was operated with drivers on board; in 2020 the line started transitioning into GoA4 unattended train operation with driver cabs being gradually removed for the entire Line 10 fleet. The first phase opened on 10 April 2010.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-de1da376b7ab0719",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The signalling comes from Chinese joint ventures of European suppliers — Casco, an Alstom and CRSC venture, on Line 10, and Thales SEC Transport, a Thales and Shanghai Electric venture, on Line 14",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "China Daily names the Line 10 signalling manufacturer as Casco Signal Ltd, a joint venture between Alstom Transport and the CRSC Group. RailwayPro reports that Thales SEC Transport, the joint venture established by Thales and Shanghai Electric in China, was awarded the signalling contract for Line 14 by Shanghai Shentong Metro Group.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-1ea361260f77fbf2",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "A 2011 collision on Line 10 injured 271 people after a signalling failure had forced a switch to manual operation",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "China Daily, 28 September 2011: a total of 271 people received treatment in hospitals after a train on Line 10 crashed into a stalled train in the tunnel between Laoximen and Yuyuan Garden, with signal failure blamed and reports that problems with the signalling equipment before the crash had forced a switch to manual operations. Wikipedia dates it to 14:37 on 27 September 2011 and gives 271 injuries, twenty serious.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-fc9e8fcefb22160b",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Shanghai Metro reported 167 km of driverless GoA4 route across five lines when Line 14 opened at the end of December 2021, and said that made Shanghai first in the world for driverless metro scale",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Global Times: with 167 kilometres of driverless metro lines Shanghai will rank first in terms of driverless metro scale for the first time, according to Shanghai Metro.",
      "caveat": "The ranking is the operator's own claim, relayed by state media; no independent comparison of driverless network lengths is cited here.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-1826fa587c348262",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "trade press covering the same opening puts the five fully automated lines at a combined 167 km, inside a network that had just reached 831 route-km with 20 lines and 508 stations",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Railway Gazette, January 2022: the total length of the Shanghai urban rail network reached 831 route-km with the inauguration of the fifth fully-automated metro line; the city has completed 20 lines serving 508 stations, of which 83 are interchanges; and the five fully-automated lines alone have a combined length of 167 km.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-6d842d2a7568c23c",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Line 14 itself ran late: the signalling contractor announced in January 2018 that it was scheduled to enter service at the end of 2020",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "RailwayPro, January 2018, on the Thales SEC Transport contract: the line was scheduled to enter service at the end of 2020. Railway Gazette records the actual opening on 30 December 2021.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5bae2b72e4d37d14",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "It opened in April 2010 as one of the first lines in China capable of automatic train operation and ran with drivers for a decade; the cabs came out from 2020",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-df74c81b01a46b14"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Wikipedia: the first phase of Line 10 opened on 10 April 2010; the line is one of the first in China capable of automatic train operation but was operated with drivers on board on opening; from 2020 driver cabs were gradually removed for the entire fleet.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-59e9a2e1dba28624",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "on 27 September 2011, a signalling failure put the line onto manual working and one train ran into another that had stopped between Yuyuan Garden and Laoximen: 271 people treated in hospital, twenty of them seriously hurt, nobody killed",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-41178c5bafac7d09",
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      "supportNote": "China Daily: the accident occurred at about 2:50 pm when a train on Line 10 crashed into a stalled train in the tunnel linking Laoximen and Yuyuan Garden; 271 people received treatment in hospitals and no one was killed; reports suggest problems with the signalling equipment before the crash had forced a switch to manual operations. Wikipedia gives twenty of the injuries as serious.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-84779d810fc86212",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "No source here connects that to the ten-year wait for unattended operation, and it would be easy to assume one — but the sequence is worth holding onto, because the only figure the operator offers for the interval is a kilometre count",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Neither the encyclopedia entry on Line 10 nor any of the reporting cited here gives a reason for the ten years between automatic-operation capability and unattended running; the operator's own public statement about the transition is the 167 km figure and the ranking claim relayed by Global Times.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-26e40a1c9b225fde",
      "title": "Global Times: Shanghai's driverless metro reaches 167 km (Dec 2021)",
      "url": "https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202112/1243560.shtml",
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       "domain": "globaltimes.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2021-12-28",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Chinese state media relaying Shanghai Metro's own figures: five automated lines, 167 km, and the operator's claim of ranking first worldwide for driverless scale. Source of the impact figure; operator-attributed, not independently audited.",
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     {
      "id": "src-de415bc332243f17",
      "title": "Railway Gazette: Shanghai metro passes 800 km as another driverless line opens",
      "url": "https://www.railwaygazette.com/operations-and-services/shanghai-metro-passes-800-km-as-another-driverless-line-opens/60650.article",
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2022-01-05",
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Established trade press, January 2022. Independent confirmation of the five fully automated lines and their combined length.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     {
      "id": "src-12a68b5184310dfd",
      "title": "RailwayPro: Shanghai Metro Line 14 will be fully automated and driverless",
      "url": "https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/shanghai-metro-line-14-will-fully-automated-driverless/",
      "publisher": {
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       "domain": "railwaypro.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2018-01-29",
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade press. Line 14 length (38.5 km, 31 underground stations), Fully Automated Operation, and the Thales SEC Transport (Thales / Shanghai Electric JV) signalling contract.",
       "exact": false
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     {
      "id": "src-df74c81b01a46b14",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_10_(Shanghai_Metro)",
      "publisher": {
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       "domain": "en.wikipedia.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "clm-5bae2b72e4d37d14",
       "clm-59e9a2e1dba28624",
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       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supporting reference: Line 10's first phase opened on 10 April 2010; it is one of the first lines in China capable of automatic train operation but was operated with drivers on board on opening; from 2020 it began transitioning to GoA4 unattended operation with driver cabs gradually removed from the whole fleet; and the 27 September 2011 collision at 14:37 between Yuyuan Garden and Laoximen injured 271, twenty seriously. A living article with no publication date.",
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     {
      "id": "src-5f92e091de53bf01",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Shanghai Metro",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Metro",
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       "domain": "en.wikipedia.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supporting reference listing lines 10, 14, 15, 18 and Pujiang as unattended train operation, with their opening dates. A living article with no publication date.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-41178c5bafac7d09",
      "title": "China Daily: 271 injured in Shanghai's subway crash",
      "url": "https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-09/28/content_13805834.htm",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "chinadaily.com.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "clm-1ea361260f77fbf2",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2011-09-28",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Contemporary report on the 27 September 2011 Line 10 collision: 271 treated in hospital, no deaths, signalling failure had forced a switch to manual operation.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 10,
     "claimsMapped": 10,
     "sourcesTotal": 6,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 6,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 4,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}