{
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 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "seoul-s-pole-network",
  "title": "S-Pole — Multipurpose Smart Streetlight Network",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/seoul-s-pole-network/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-source-dating",
 "revisions": [
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   "id": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T03:13:38Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-27",
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   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 7 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
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     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
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    },
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     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2021,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Seoul Metropolitan Government",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": "Central-government funded in Guro/Dongjak via Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport; ~1 billion KRW each in local funding for Gangdong/Jongno (2021 expansion tranche)",
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-87847201dd7dac3d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Seoul folds streetlights, traffic signals, CCTV, public Wi-Fi and IoT sensors into single 'S-Pole' units, cutting duplicate fixture and installation costs",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
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       "src-f1944042ad2c327c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's own English release describes the combination of street lights, traffic lights, public Wi-Fi and CCTV in one pole; the December 2025 analysis adds that integration reduces the power and communications lead-in works and the wiring stages, cutting installation cost.",
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      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-f2fb5a918dd5a90e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Piloted with 26 poles across six central sites in February 2021, the network grew citywide to roughly 1,000 poles by late 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "The Seoul release records the first 26 poles across six sites completed in early 2021; the December 2025 analysis states 1,027 poles in operation.",
      "caveat": "The city's Korean-language account dates the programme's installations to 2020 rather than 2021; the English release describes the first 26 poles as completed in early 2021.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-9c025a2b5ec921d8",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "later units near Hangang Park add EV/drone charging points and abnormal-sound-detection cameras",
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      "supportNote": "Cities Today, 24 May 2021, on the expansion of the pole network to charge vehicles and drones; the national smart-city portal covers the same expansion tranche.",
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     {
      "id": "clm-21b6e8606fafec18",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "reported monthly accidents falling from 115.8 to 99.5, roughly 14%, with the largest fall in school zones, and visibility metrics up about 14% on an OpenCV analysis",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "'월평균 사고가 115.8건에서 99.5건으로 약 14% 줄었다… 특히 어린이보호구역에서 감소 폭이 컸다' and 'OpenCV 기반 분석 결과… 시야 확보 지표도 약 14% 개선된 것으로 나타났다.'",
      "caveat": "A before-and-after comparison without a control group, run by the city and its own AI foundation.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-7b419936f185f2ee",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Integrating fixtures onto one pole cut average installation cost by about 23%",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "'기존에 개별로 설치되던 시설물을 통합함에 따라 전력·통신 인입공사, 배선 공정 등이 줄어 평균 23%의 설치비가 절감됐다' — about 50 million won per smart pole against about 65 million for separate poles.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "id": "clm-3e0602512bcd694d",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "An earlier Seongdong-gu pilot comparison found a 12-21% cost reduction",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The national smart-city portal carries the Seongdong-gu cost-reduction range, and Cities Today independently reports the same 12-21% figure.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "text": "The 14% fall in monthly accidents comes from a before-and-after comparison with no control group, over seven months, at sites chosen because they are school zones and accident blackspots",
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      "supportNote": "The report describes the method as a comparison of data before and after installation, conducted with the Seoul AI Foundation between April and October 2025, and says the city will extend the network next year focusing on school zones and accident blackspots. No control group or counterfactual is mentioned.",
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       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "src-8a8b6f493acb1907",
      "title": "Seoul Metropolitan Government — Seoul Sets Up Smart Poles (official)",
      "url": "http://english.seoul.go.kr/seoul-sets-up-smart-poles-that-combine-street-lights-traffic-lights-public-wifi-and-cctvs/",
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       "publishedAt": "2021-03-10",
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      "locator": {
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       "value": "First 26 poles completed March 2021 across six central sites; functions combined.",
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     {
      "id": "src-730f2106ba391925",
      "title": "SMART CITY KOREA (Korea's national smart-city portal, MOLIT) — expansion announcement (official)",
      "url": "https://smartcity.go.kr/en/2021/05/20/",
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       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "190 additional poles for Guro/Dongjak/Gangdong/Jongno; Seongdong-gu 12-21% cost-reduction figures and comparison prices.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-82e7938764b6dcb4",
      "title": "Cities Today — Seoul to expand drone-charging capable smart pole network (independent trade press)",
      "url": "https://cities-today.com/seoul-to-expand-network-of-poles-to-charge-vehicles-and-drones/",
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       "publishedAt": "2021-05-24",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
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       "retrievedAt": null,
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independently confirms 12-21% Seongdong-gu cost figures, Hangang Park abnormal-sound-detection CCTV, EV/drone-charging pilot.",
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     {
      "id": "src-f1944042ad2c327c",
      "title": "Transportation Daily — Seoul smart-pole operating-effect analysis (official Seoul/Seoul AI Foundation announcement)",
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       "domain": "tdaily.co.kr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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       "clm-7b419936f185f2ee",
       "clm-a89abe25a59302c3"
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-12-26",
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       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Transportation Daily, 26 December 2025, on the analysis Seoul announced the day before. Seoul and the Seoul AI Foundation compared before-and-after data for roughly a thousand poles installed since 2020, over April to October 2025: monthly accidents fell from 115.8 to 99.5, about 14%, with the largest fall in school zones; an OpenCV analysis found visibility metrics up about 14%; and integrating fixtures cut average installation cost by 23% — the city gives about 50 million won per smart pole against about 65 million for separate poles, 'a difference of more than 10 million won'. 1,027 poles were in operation, in 17 types, the most common being the CCTV-plus-security-light unit at 259 (25.9%).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 7,
     "claimsMapped": 7,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-source-dating",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T13:37:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-27",
   "changeType": "correction",
   "summary": "Every source on this entry now carries a date key: a publication date where the publisher states one, otherwise an explicit null with the reason on the record.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
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   "review": {
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    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
    },
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/sources",
     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
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   "snapshotHash": "sha256:bf48e6b70234dbf34b10203b88b9fd9de8ec7cada04a3a8d7241e903efd48af6",
   "snapshot": {
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    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:968e6a6e26b3362062c25791a5d38ee2447e4a636f092ed94172d1b993647af8",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
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     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
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    "projectState": {
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     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
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      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Seoul Metropolitan Government",
     "actorTypes": [
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     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": "Central-government funded in Guro/Dongjak via Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport; ~1 billion KRW each in local funding for Gangdong/Jongno (2021 expansion tranche)",
     "cost": null,
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    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-87847201dd7dac3d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Seoul folds streetlights, traffic signals, CCTV, public Wi-Fi and IoT sensors into single 'S-Pole' units, cutting duplicate fixture and installation costs",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-8a8b6f493acb1907",
       "src-f1944042ad2c327c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's own English release describes the combination of street lights, traffic lights, public Wi-Fi and CCTV in one pole; the December 2025 analysis adds that integration reduces the power and communications lead-in works and the wiring stages, cutting installation cost.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-f2fb5a918dd5a90e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Piloted with 26 poles across six central sites in February 2021, the network grew citywide to roughly 1,000 poles by late 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-8a8b6f493acb1907",
       "src-f1944042ad2c327c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Seoul release records the first 26 poles across six sites completed in early 2021; the December 2025 analysis states 1,027 poles in operation.",
      "caveat": "The city's Korean-language account dates the programme's installations to 2020 rather than 2021; the English release describes the first 26 poles as completed in early 2021.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9c025a2b5ec921d8",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "later units near Hangang Park add EV/drone charging points and abnormal-sound-detection cameras",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-82e7938764b6dcb4",
       "src-730f2106ba391925"
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      "supportNote": "Cities Today, 24 May 2021, on the expansion of the pole network to charge vehicles and drones; the national smart-city portal covers the same expansion tranche.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-21b6e8606fafec18",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "reported monthly accidents falling from 115.8 to 99.5, roughly 14%, with the largest fall in school zones, and visibility metrics up about 14% on an OpenCV analysis",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f1944042ad2c327c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "'월평균 사고가 115.8건에서 99.5건으로 약 14% 줄었다… 특히 어린이보호구역에서 감소 폭이 컸다' and 'OpenCV 기반 분석 결과… 시야 확보 지표도 약 14% 개선된 것으로 나타났다.'",
      "caveat": "A before-and-after comparison without a control group, run by the city and its own AI foundation.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-7b419936f185f2ee",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Integrating fixtures onto one pole cut average installation cost by about 23%",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f1944042ad2c327c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "'기존에 개별로 설치되던 시설물을 통합함에 따라 전력·통신 인입공사, 배선 공정 등이 줄어 평균 23%의 설치비가 절감됐다' — about 50 million won per smart pole against about 65 million for separate poles.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3e0602512bcd694d",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "An earlier Seongdong-gu pilot comparison found a 12-21% cost reduction",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-82e7938764b6dcb4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The national smart-city portal carries the Seongdong-gu cost-reduction range, and Cities Today independently reports the same 12-21% figure.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a89abe25a59302c3",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "The 14% fall in monthly accidents comes from a before-and-after comparison with no control group, over seven months, at sites chosen because they are school zones and accident blackspots",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f1944042ad2c327c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The report describes the method as a comparison of data before and after installation, conducted with the Seoul AI Foundation between April and October 2025, and says the city will extend the network next year focusing on school zones and accident blackspots. No control group or counterfactual is mentioned.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "title": "Seoul Metropolitan Government — Seoul Sets Up Smart Poles (official)",
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      "title": "Cities Today — Seoul to expand drone-charging capable smart pole network (independent trade press)",
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       "value": "Transportation Daily, 26 December 2025, on the analysis Seoul announced the day before. Seoul and the Seoul AI Foundation compared before-and-after data for roughly a thousand poles installed since 2020, over April to October 2025: monthly accidents fell from 115.8 to 99.5, about 14%, with the largest fall in school zones; an OpenCV analysis found visibility metrics up about 14%; and integrating fixtures cut average installation cost by 23% — the city gives about 50 million won per smart pole against about 65 million for separate poles, 'a difference of more than 10 million won'. 1,027 poles were in operation, in 17 types, the most common being the CCTV-plus-security-light unit at 259 (25.9%).",
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}