{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "phnom-penh-city-bus-gps",
  "title": "City Bus GPS Fleet Tracking & Official App",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/phnom-penh-city-bus-gps/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-20-source-dates-r2",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-17-phnom-penh-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-17T05:49:39Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-17",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 6 claims and 7 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
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   },
   "review": {
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    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:56a91c5b18d175abe6fa88a6d3de232d9da56df4f21621da502b6afff852bcb4",
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    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
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     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
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      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2019,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Phnom Penh City Bus Authority (PPCBA), Phnom Penh Capital Administration",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government",
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "mixed",
     "fundingDescription": "Phnom Penh Capital Administration; GPS layer, buses and operations training delivered through JICA technical cooperation (PiBO, 2017–2021) and Japanese grant aid",
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-ac234a860bdf66f0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Scheduled city buses returned to Phnom Penh in 2014 under a new City Bus Authority",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "The article reports the city bus system fully opened to the public in late 2014, run by the City Bus Authority under the Phnom Penh Capital Administration with JICA support.",
      "caveat": "The Phnom Penh Post blocks automated retrieval; the sentence was confirmed through search results rather than by opening the page.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
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      "id": "clm-dddfdac021dffe47",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In July 2019 City Hall and JICA fitted buses with GPS and launched an official City Bus app showing vehicles in real time",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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       "src-c9497698b0660cfd"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Khmer Times (8 July 2019) reports City Hall cooperating with JICA to install GPS on buses for the City Bus app; the App Store listing, published by the authority itself, describes 'real time bus location, all available routes, search a specific route, and bus stops'.",
      "caveat": "No source states how many buses carry a working GPS unit today.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
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      "text": "the authority still maintains it",
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      "caveat": "A maintained app and a live backend show the system is not abandoned; they do not show how well tracking works in the street — riders' public reviews report buses missing from the map.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "An airport express line opened in September 2025",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
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      "supportNote": "The Airport Express between Kouch Kanong roundabout and Techo International Airport started on 9 September 2025, operating 05:30–23:30 at the standard 1,500-riel fare.",
      "caveat": "Confirmed through search results; the paper's site blocks automated fetch.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2169474b0ed57a2e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Dedicated bus lanes remain a proposal",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "As of June 2024 no dedicated bus lanes had been built; the prime minister had instructed the capital administration to establish them, and the plan targeted ring roads and satellite cities rather than the existing network.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "giving those buses a lane of their own was still only an instruction from the prime minister in 2024",
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      "supportNote": "Prime Minister Hun Manet instructed the Capital Administration to establish bus lanes on 18 June 2024, saying public transport 'must be given priority over private vehicles'; the article confirms none had been built.",
      "caveat": "The instruction may have advanced since June 2024; no later source was found either way — re-check at the next verification pass.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-c9497698b0660cfd",
      "title": "City Bus Official App — Apple App Store (Phnom Penh City Bus Authority)",
      "url": "https://apps.apple.com/kh/app/city-bus-official-app/id1608841286",
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       "name": null,
       "domain": "apps.apple.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator-published listing; seller is the Phnom Penh City Bus Authority. Describes 'real time bus location, all available routes, search a specific route, and bus stops.' Version 5.0.0, last updated 19 July 2025 — verified by direct fetch on 2026-08-17; the currency proof for this entry.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-40a0e67c4170d27e",
      "title": "City Bus Official App — Google Play (kh.gov.ppcba.citybus)",
      "url": "https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=kh.gov.ppcba.citybus",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "play.google.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Android listing under the government package namespace kh.gov.ppcba; developer Phnom Penh City Bus Authority, 10,000+ installs, version 5.0.0. Play returned a truncated body to direct fetch; fields cross-read from a Play mirror.",
       "exact": false
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-bf421e64d73d77a1",
      "title": "Khmer Times — City Hall launches bus app (8 July 2019)",
      "url": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50621812/city-hall-launches-bus-app-2/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "khmertimeskh.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-07-08",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Reports City Hall cooperating with JICA to install GPS on buses for the City Bus app, letting travellers locate buses and estimate arrival at a stop. The domain answers automated fetches with 403 (bot wall); confirmed via the search index.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-e90a69a16671e273",
      "title": "Phnom Penh Post — Improving public bus operations in Phnom Penh (JICA PiBO)",
      "url": "https://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/improving-public-bus-operations-phnom-penh",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "phnompenhpost.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "JICA and the Capital Administration ran a four-year technical cooperation from January 2017; the network fully opened to the public in late 2014; Japan supplied 80 buses under grant aid in 2018. 403 to automated fetch (bot wall); confirmed via the search index.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-bc1ad0dd5fae83c8",
      "title": "Phnom Penh City Bus Authority — Bus Operation Management System (ppcitybus.com)",
      "url": "http://ppcitybus.com/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ppcitybus.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Verified live by direct fetch on 2026-08-17: the operator-side fleet and GPS-device management portal, supplied by Angkor E&C — evidence the data layer exists behind the passenger app, not only in front of it.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-28c56209b6398dca",
      "title": "Khmer Times — Airport Express bus service details (2025)",
      "url": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501752572/details-of-new-airport-express-bus-service-connecting-techo-international-airport-to-phnom-penh-announced/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "khmertimeskh.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The City Bus Authority's Airport Express between Kouch Kanong roundabout and Techo International Airport began on 9 September 2025, 05:30–23:30 at the flat 1,500-riel fare. 403 bot wall; confirmed via the search index.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-33bb35e2f4ccf6ff",
      "title": "CamboJA News — Phnom Penh to incorporate dedicated bus lanes (18 June 2024)",
      "url": "https://cambojanews.com/phnom-penh-to-incorporate-dedicated-bus-lanes-for-public-transport-alleviate-congestion/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "cambojanews.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-2169474b0ed57a2e",
       "clm-203ffa2325bc2b22"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-06-18",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-17",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Verified by direct fetch: Prime Minister Hun Manet instructed the Capital Administration to establish bus lanes; none exist yet, and the plan targets ring roads and satellite cities rather than the core.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 6,
     "claimsMapped": 6,
     "sourcesTotal": 7,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 7,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-20-source-dates-b2",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-20T17:00:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-17",
   "changeType": "update",
   "summary": "Record the publication date of each source that states one; sources that publish no date are marked null.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
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    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
    },
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/sources",
     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:f70a52caf8f599f75c4fb2e8cfa9da0101eb5fd3fd3f0c812b5bd5ddc2c63775",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-17",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:27063b98d5fd342d9ff3d8f295d9cee95b23a85dd16ff80f872d275ad3571205",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
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      "material-project-fingerprint",
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      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
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    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2019,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Phnom Penh City Bus Authority (PPCBA), Phnom Penh Capital Administration",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government",
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "mixed",
     "fundingDescription": "Phnom Penh Capital Administration; GPS layer, buses and operations training delivered through JICA technical cooperation (PiBO, 2017–2021) and Japanese grant aid",
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-ac234a860bdf66f0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Scheduled city buses returned to Phnom Penh in 2014 under a new City Bus Authority",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e90a69a16671e273"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article reports the city bus system fully opened to the public in late 2014, run by the City Bus Authority under the Phnom Penh Capital Administration with JICA support.",
      "caveat": "The Phnom Penh Post blocks automated retrieval; the sentence was confirmed through search results rather than by opening the page.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-dddfdac021dffe47",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In July 2019 City Hall and JICA fitted buses with GPS and launched an official City Bus app showing vehicles in real time",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf421e64d73d77a1",
       "src-c9497698b0660cfd"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Khmer Times (8 July 2019) reports City Hall cooperating with JICA to install GPS on buses for the City Bus app; the App Store listing, published by the authority itself, describes 'real time bus location, all available routes, search a specific route, and bus stops'.",
      "caveat": "No source states how many buses carry a working GPS unit today.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9fdfde6fbae784ac",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the authority still maintains it",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c9497698b0660cfd",
       "src-40a0e67c4170d27e",
       "src-bc1ad0dd5fae83c8"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The App Store listing shows version 5.0.0 last updated 19 July 2025 with the authority as seller; the Play listing carries the same version under the government package id; and the operator-side management system still serves a working login.",
      "caveat": "A maintained app and a live backend show the system is not abandoned; they do not show how well tracking works in the street — riders' public reviews report buses missing from the map.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-731cf11820bff595",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "An airport express line opened in September 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-28c56209b6398dca"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Airport Express between Kouch Kanong roundabout and Techo International Airport started on 9 September 2025, operating 05:30–23:30 at the standard 1,500-riel fare.",
      "caveat": "Confirmed through search results; the paper's site blocks automated fetch.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2169474b0ed57a2e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Dedicated bus lanes remain a proposal",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-33bb35e2f4ccf6ff"
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      "supportNote": "As of June 2024 no dedicated bus lanes had been built; the prime minister had instructed the capital administration to establish them, and the plan targeted ring roads and satellite cities rather than the existing network.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
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 ]
}