{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "osaka-vertiport", "title": "OSAKAKO Vertiport", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/osaka-vertiport/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-08-22T21:05:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-07-19", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 4 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:4adde21262bda128baf1927017ca726ffa1e85a3fa28bd988aa701983e7ee27b", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-07-19", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:86ffbbf0e3472f323af89704f70c89c44abec9e412adf11de6b96b0d2c1eb45a", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "scaled-back", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2025, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Osaka Metro Co., Ltd.", "actorTypes": [ "utility" ], "fundingModel": null, "fundingDescription": null, "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-78f82686500e8d19", "field": "snippet", "text": "won a 2024 City of Osaka tender to build and run the OSAKAKO Vertiport", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ad3eae51a8a1c1c6" ], "supportNote": "The release is issued in Osaka Metro's own name and states: \"In January 2024, Osaka Metro was chosen by the City of Osaka through an open bid process designed to select the future operator of a vertiport to serve the Expo venue in Osaka City's Minato Ward.\" It adds that \"Since winning that bid, Osaka Metro has been developing the vertiport at Osaka Port's Chuo Pier (central pier)\", and its facility overview lists \"Landowner: Osaka City\" and \"Maintenance and Management: Osaka Metro Co., Ltd\".", "caveat": "The bid the release describes was held to choose the future operator; the building role appears only as Osaka Metro having been developing the site since it won. The land itself belongs to Osaka City.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-29570f6c0c874018", "field": "snippet", "text": "a 12,000 m² eVTOL take-off hub on Chuo Pier", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ad3eae51a8a1c1c6" ], "supportNote": "The facility overview gives the OSAKAKO Vertiport itself as \"Size: About 12,000m2\" at \"1-105-5 Kaigan-dori, Minato-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture\", and the body places the site at \"Osaka Port's Chuo Pier (central pier)\".", "caveat": "The release gives the figure as about 12,000 m² and applies it to the whole site, whose listed components include a parking lot, a hangar and a passenger building alongside the landing area. It is not a measure of the Expo grounds, which sit on a separate island.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a62970e00a593c2d", "field": "snippet", "text": "linking flying-taxi pads with on-demand buses and shared bikes", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ad3eae51a8a1c1c6" ], "supportNote": "The release says: \"The vertiport is also designed to serve as a mobility hub, connecting eVTOLs with other transportation options such as on-demand buses and shared bicycles.\" The facility list names a \"mobility hub (connecting to on-demand buses, shared bicycles)\".", "caveat": "The release describes the design of the hub rather than reporting connecting services in operation, and it names a single take-off and landing area rather than several pads.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-68a7b3200cd8854a", "field": "snippet", "text": "Built for Expo 2025", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ad3eae51a8a1c1c6" ], "supportNote": "The release announces \"the completion of the 'OSAKAKO Vertiport', a new eVTOL take off and landing facility intended to serve the venue of the Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai\".", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-33de2e1d9ba800db", "field": "snippet", "text": "after all four operators dropped planned commercial passenger service over certification delays", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f0011a42c97fcfec" ], "supportNote": "Quoting Kyodo News, the article reports: \"ANA Holdings Inc. said Wednesday it will not offer a commercial flying taxi service at the 2025 World Exposition in Osaka... Japan Airlines Co. is also reconsidering its plan to provide air taxis at the expo, sources familiar with the matter said, meaning all four flying car operators that had planned commercial services at the event are unlikely to offer them.\" It gives ANA's reason — \"ANA has found it difficult to obtain safety certification from authorities in time\" — and notes that \"The other two operators, Japan-based flying car startup SkyDrive Inc. and Japanese trading house Marubeni Corp., already said they would not operate commercial flights at the expo.\"", "caveat": "The report is from September 2024 and is hedged. Three operators had withdrawn; Japan Airlines was described as reconsidering, so the four-way outcome is the report's expectation rather than a confirmed fourth withdrawal. The certification difficulty is attributed to ANA alone, and no reason is given for the two earlier withdrawals.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-df932c7494cfd8f0", "field": "snippet", "text": "the Expo's uncrewed demonstration flights flew from the Expo site's own pad, not from here", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ad3eae51a8a1c1c6", "src-97247f74dbcf2c12" ], "supportNote": "The March release says \"SKYDRIVE is scheduled to operate demo flights between the EXPO Vertiport, a vertiport located inside the Expo site, and the OSAKAKO Vertiport\". SkyDrive's own flight release describes the aircraft: \"The aircraft is uncrewed, operated by remote control, and stabilized using automatic control technology.\"", "caveat": "Neither source records a flight that actually used the OSAKAKO pad. The March release presents the flights as scheduled, and SkyDrive's July release states that after a safety analysis it decided to start and complete the demonstration flights at the vertiport inside the Expo venue instead.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c5609bfec175e118", "field": "lesson", "text": "The Expo's headline promise — paying passengers riding air taxis across Osaka Bay — never flew", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f0011a42c97fcfec" ], "supportNote": "The article quotes Kyodo describing the commercial flying taxi service at the Expo as \"viewed as one of the highlights of the event\", reports that all four operators that had planned commercial services \"are unlikely to offer them\", and locates the route: \"Air taxis were expected to provide access to the event's venue on Yumeshima, an artificial island in Osaka Bay.\"", "caveat": "The article dates from September 2024 and reports intentions rather than the eventual outcome, with Japan Airlines still described as reconsidering. No listed source reports what happened over the run of the Expo itself.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c1b83f7bd6228b25", "field": "lesson", "text": "safety certification wasn't ready", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f0011a42c97fcfec" ], "supportNote": "The article quotes Kyodo News: \"ANA has found it difficult to obtain safety certification from authorities in time, it said.\"", "caveat": "The certification difficulty is reported for ANA. The article gives no reason for the earlier withdrawals by SkyDrive and Marubeni, and what it describes is approval for operators and aircraft, not any licence for the vertiport itself.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ffb127c94a0e4ec5", "field": "lesson", "text": "leaving a finished vertiport", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ad3eae51a8a1c1c6" ], "supportNote": "The release reports: \"A ceremony was held on Friday, March 28, 2025 to celebrate the completion of the OSAKAKO Vertiport.\"", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b9a0c80a64d6a113", "field": "lesson", "text": "a commercial service now pushed to around 2028", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-97247f74dbcf2c12" ], "supportNote": "SkyDrive writes: \"In Japan, SkyDrive is joining together with Osaka Metro Company. Ltd. and the Osaka City authorities with the aim of launching commercial eVTOL operations in Osaka's Morinomiya area from as early as 2028.\"", "caveat": "The 2028 date is SkyDrive's stated aim, phrased as from as early as 2028, and it names the Morinomiya area — a different site from the OSAKAKO Vertiport on Chuo Pier. No aviation authority is quoted setting that date, and no listed source attaches a commercial service date to the OSAKAKO site.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-ad3eae51a8a1c1c6", "title": "Osaka Metro — OSAKAKO Vertiport unveiled (press release)", "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250331277592/en/Osaka-Metro-Unveils-OSAKAKO-Vertiport-a-New-Takeoff-and-Landing-Facility-for-eVTOL-at-Expo-2025", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "businesswire.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-78f82686500e8d19", "clm-29570f6c0c874018", "clm-a62970e00a593c2d", "clm-68a7b3200cd8854a", "clm-df932c7494cfd8f0", "clm-ffb127c94a0e4ec5" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-03-31", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Operator/authoritative: City of Osaka open bid (Jan 2024), 12,000 m², Chuo Pier/Minato-ku, facilities, mobility-hub design, 28 Mar 2025 completion.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-9f9e98dd3c074c71", "title": "Japan Today — ANA drops Expo air-taxi service", "url": "https://japantoday.com/category/business/ana-decides-not-to-offer-air-taxi-service-at-2025-world-expo-in-osaka", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "japantoday.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Commercial service cancelled over safety-certification timing (30 Sep 2024).", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-f0011a42c97fcfec", "title": "Urban Air Mobility News — ANA / all four operators, no commercial flights", "url": "https://www.urbanairmobilitynews.com/air-taxis/ana-holdings-announces-it-will-not-be-offering-commercial-air-taxi-flights-at-osaka-2025-expo/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "urbanairmobilitynews.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-33de2e1d9ba800db", "clm-c5609bfec175e118", "clm-c1b83f7bd6228b25" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-09-26", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Independent second source: all four operators run demonstration flights only.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-97247f74dbcf2c12", "title": "SkyDrive — successful SD-05 demonstration flights at Expo 2025", "url": "https://en.skydrive2020.com/archives/16094", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "en.skydrive2020.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-df932c7494cfd8f0", "clm-b9a0c80a64d6a113" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-07-31", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Uncrewed remote-piloted demo flights 31 Jul–24 Aug 2025, flown from the Expo Vertiport rather than OSAKAKO; commercial Morinomiya launch aimed ~2028.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 10, "claimsMapped": 10, "sourcesTotal": 4, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }