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  "type": "project",
  "id": "nyc-linknyc",
  "title": "LinkNYC",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/nyc-linknyc/"
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     "timeline": {
      "started": 2016,
      "ended": null
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    "governance": {
     "operator": "CityBridge (LinkNYC franchisee)",
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      "id": "clm-6622df4cea247eb0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 2016 LinkNYC has replaced New York's payphones with sidewalk kiosks",
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      "supportNote": "GovTech reported on 9 February 2016 that LinkNYC 'has debuted its first two payphone-turned-tech kiosks in Manhattan', and describes the programme as replacing payphones with hotspots.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "free high-speed Wi-Fi, free calls anywhere in the U.S., device charging and 911 and 311 access",
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      "supportNote": "The consortium's own programme page lists exactly these services: 'High-speed, public Wi-Fi throughout NYC', 'Nationwide phone calling', '911 and 311 access' and 'USB ports for mobile device charging'.",
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "paid for by on-screen advertising rather than by taxpayers",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "supportNote": "GovTech: 'In the case of LinkNYC, that revenue comes from advertisements that light up 55-inch HD screens on each side of the kiosks'. The comptroller's account confirms the kiosks were to be 'installed at no cost to the city'.",
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      "text": "Taller Link5G towers have gone up since 2022",
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      "supportNote": "West Side Rag, April 2025: the city technology office 'began installing the towers throughout the five boroughs in 2022', and 'more than 160 of the 5G towers have been installed throughout the city so far'.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a 2023 council hearing heard that no carrier was using them to run 5G",
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      "supportNote": "The council committee's summary of the 8 June 2023 oversight hearing states verbatim that 'no telecommunications companies currently use the towers to operationalize the 5G network in New York City'.",
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "of the 3,153 structures due by 20 July 2020 only 1,869 were installed, 50 of those never activated",
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      "supportNote": "The comptroller states: '3,153 LinkNYC structures were supposed to be installed by July 20, 2020. As of May 2020, only 1,869 (59%) were installed, with 50 never activated.'",
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "reaching 86 of the city's 185 zip codes",
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      "supportNote": "The comptroller states: 'LinkNYC installed kiosks in just 86 (46%) of NYC's 185 zip codes.'",
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The consortium owed the city $68.93 million in revenue and interest",
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      "text": "172 of 227 sampled kiosks had cleanliness or operating faults",
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      "supportNote": "The comptroller states: 'Of 227 kiosks sampled by auditors, 172 (76%) had cleanliness or operation issues: grimy screens, physical damage, and defective screens, icons, telephones and charging ports.'",
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      "text": "A 2023 follow-up found seven of the eighteen recommendations implemented, six partially and five not",
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      "supportNote": "The follow-up audit of 26 September 2023 states: 'Of the initial report's 18 recommendations, seven were implemented, six were partially implemented, and five were not implemented.'",
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      "text": "the audit found large sections of the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens without a single kiosk",
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      "text": "75% of Staten Island's zip codes uncovered against 26% of Manhattan's",
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      "supportNote": "The comptroller lists the 'Percentage of zip codes without kiosks, by borough: Manhattan, 26%; Brooklyn, 50%; The Bronx, 60%; Queens, 70%; Staten Island, 75%.'",
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      "text": "Installing at no cost to the city left little leverage when the ad revenue fell short",
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      "supportNote": "The comptroller describes the agreement as for kiosks 'installed at no cost to the city over eight years' and finds the city 'did little to collect' the money owed; the council hearing records that CityBridge 'stopped making payments to the City in 2018, citing financial distress' and the terms were then renegotiated.",
      "caveat": "That the lack of upfront public money is what cost the city leverage is this entry's reading of the two findings, not a conclusion either source states in those words.",
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      "text": "the more than $500 million the city expected over twelve years became a renegotiated minimum of $3 million a year",
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      "caveat": "The two figures come from different instruments: the $500 million was the city's own revenue estimate for the original agreement, the $3 million a contractual minimum in the renegotiated one.",
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