{
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 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "nyc-ai-hiring-audit-law",
  "title": "Local Law 144: Bias Audits for Hiring Algorithms",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/nyc-ai-hiring-audit-law/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-20-source-dates",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-20-source-dates",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-20T00:00:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 1 claim and 6 source dossiers.",
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
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    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
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    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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    }
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    "assurance": {
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     "machineChecks": [
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      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
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    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "peer-reviewed",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2021,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
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     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "18 of 391 employers checked had posted a bias audit report and 13 a transparency notice",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d173e9be1278798e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The entry states researchers who checked 391 employers in autumn 2023 found 18 published audit reports.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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      "id": "src-3786d4e66e97f74d",
      "title": "NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection — Automated Employment Decision Tools",
      "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page",
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       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
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       "status": "record-date-only"
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The regulator's own page: enforcement begins 5 July 2023; the tool must have had a bias audit within one year of use, information about the audit must be publicly available and a summary of results posted, and notice must be given 10 business days before an AEDT is used.",
       "exact": false
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      "title": "NYC Rules — Automated Employment Decision Tools (DCWP rulemaking)",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The implementing rule: defines a covered tool as machine learning, statistical modelling, data analytics or artificial intelligence whose output is used to substantially assist or replace discretionary decision making, and sets out selection rate, scoring rate and impact ratio calculated by sex category, race/ethnicity category and intersectional categories.",
       "exact": false
      },
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      "title": "Wright et al., Null Compliance: NYC Local Law 144 and the Challenges of Algorithm Accountability (ACM FAccT 2024)",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.01399",
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       "name": null,
       "domain": "arxiv.org",
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      ],
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       "publishedAt": "2024-06-03",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Peer-reviewed source for the compliance figure: 155 student investigators recorded 391 employers between 24 October and 9 November 2023; 18 posted audit reports and 13 posted transparency notices. Also the source for the 'null compliance' problem, employers holding near-total discretion over whether their system is in scope. Published at FAccT '24, DOI 10.1145/3630106.3658998.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260305021920/https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.01399",
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      "id": "src-4ecd11298d6b0087",
      "title": "Groves, Metcalf, Kennedy, Vecchione and Strait, Auditing Work: Exploring the New York City algorithmic bias audit regime (ACM FAccT 2024)",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08101",
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       "domain": "arxiv.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
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       "publishedAt": "2024-02-12",
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The methodological counterweight, from interviews with auditors and practitioners: the law fails to define AEDTs and independent auditors clearly, rests on a flawed transparency-driven theory of change, and industry lobbying narrowed the definition of a covered tool. Also the source characterising LL 144 as the first algorithm auditing system for commercial machine-learning systems.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "contentHash": null,
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     {
      "id": "src-4dda8f61b88a4285",
      "title": "Office of the New York State Comptroller — Enforcement of Local Law 144, Automated Employment Decision Tools (2 December 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.osc.ny.gov/state-agencies/audits/2025/12/02/enforcement-local-law-144-automated-employment-decision-tools",
      "publisher": {
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       "domain": "osc.ny.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-12-02",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent state audit covering July 2023 to June 2025: DCWP's system for enforcing the law is ineffective, only two AEDT-related complaints were received in the whole period, and the complaint intake process does not reliably route complaints to DCWP.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-dd580252ec17e825",
      "title": "New York State Comptroller press release on the DCWP audit (December 2025)",
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      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "osc.ny.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-12-02",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Source for the specific enforcement numbers: DCWP reviewed 32 employers' and vendors' websites and identified one instance of likely non-compliance, while state auditors reviewing the same companies found 17; of 12 test calls to 311 only three reached DCWP.",
       "exact": false
      },
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    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 1,
     "claimsMapped": 1,
     "sourcesTotal": 6,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 1,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 4,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 1,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}